Comparison of Biodiesel Production between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Base Catalysts

2016 ◽  
Vol 833 ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yie Hua Tan ◽  
Mohammad Omar Abdullah ◽  
Cirilo Nolasco Hipolito
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Homogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Optimum Operating Condition ◽  
Heterogeneous Base Catalyst ◽  
Heterogeneous Base

Homogeneous base catalyst has wide acceptability in biodiesel production because of their fast reaction rates. However, postproduction costs incurred from aqueous quenching, wastewater and loss of catalysts led to the search for alternatives. Heterogeneous base catalyst is developed to cater these problems. The advantages of heterogeneous catalyst are their high basicity and non-toxicity. This work compared the production of biodiesel using two different kind of catalysts that is homogeneous catalyst (sodium hydroxide, NaOH and potassium hydroxide, KOH) and heterogeneous catalysts (calcium, oxide, CaO catalyst derived from chicken and ostrich eggshells). Transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) and methanol in the presence of heterogeneous base catalyst was conducted at an optimal reaction condition (calcination temperature for catalyst: 1000 °C; catalyst loading amount: 1.5 wt%; methanol/oil molar ratio: 10:1; reaction temperature: 65 °C; reaction time: 2 hours) with 97% biodiesel yield was obtained. While, the homogeneous base catalyst gave higher biodiesel yield of 98% at optimum operating condition (catalyst concentration: 0.75 wt%; methanol/oil molar ratio: 6:1; reaction temperature: 65 °C; reaction time: 1 hours). The slight difference in the biodiesel yield was due to the stronger basic strength in the homogeneous catalyst and were not statistically not different (p=0.05). However, despite these advances, the ultimate aim of producing biodiesel at affordable low cost and minimal-environmental-impact is yet to be realized.

scholarly journals Green Heterogeneous Base Catalyst from Ripe-Unripe Plantain Peels for the Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olayomi Abiodun Falowo ◽  
Babatunde Oladipo ◽  
Abiola Ezekiel Taiwo ◽  
Tomiwa Ayomiposi Olaiya ◽  
Oluwaseun Oyekola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Catalyst Amount ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Heterogeneous Base Catalyst ◽  
Heterogeneous Base

Abstract Economical feedstocks such as agricultural wastes, food wastes, and waste cooking oil were used for biodiesel production to expand their application. Thus, a solid base catalyst was synthesized from a mixture of ripe and unripe plantain peels at a calcination temperature of 500 oC for 4 h. The catalyst was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The waste cooking oil (WCO) used in this study was first pretreated with 3% (v/v) of H2SO4 via esterification reaction due to its high acid value. The esterified WCO was converted to biodiesel via transesterification reaction, and the process was then modeled and optimized using Taguchi L9 orthogonal array design method considering reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst amount, and methanol/WCO molar ratio as the input variables. Based on the results, the synthesized catalyst predominantly contained potassium phases with 45.16 wt.%. The morphology of the catalyst revealed a crystalline mesoporous nanocomposite. At the end of WCO esterification, the acidity of the oil decreased from 5 to 1 mg KOH/g. The optimal conditions established for the transesterification process were catalyst amount of 0.5 wt.%, methanol/WCO molar ratio of 6:1, reaction temperature of 45 oC, and reaction time of 45 min with a corresponding biodiesel yield of 97.96 wt.%. The quality of the biodiesel produced satisfied the specifications (ASTM D6751 and EN 14241) recommended for biodiesel fuels. Hence, a blend of ripe and unripe plantain peels could serve as an efficient heterogeneous base catalyst in producing biodiesel from WCO.

Biodiesel production from soybean and Jatropha oils using cesium impregnated sodium zirconate as a heterogeneous base catalyst

2016 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela A. Torres-Rodríguez ◽  
Issis C. Romero-Ibarra ◽  
Ilich A. Ibarra ◽  
Heriberto Pfeiffer
Keyword(s):  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Heterogeneous Base Catalyst ◽  
Heterogeneous Base

Hybrid Approach for Optimizing Process Parameters in Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 834 ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Pongchanun Luangpaiboon ◽  
Pasura Aungkulanon
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Influential Parameters

Biodiesel was synthesized from direct transesterification of palm oil reacted with methanol in the presence of a suitable catalyst. There is a sequence of three consecutive reversible reactions for the transesterification process. These process parameters were optimized via the hybrid optimization approach of a conventional response surface method and artificial intelligence mechanisms from Sine Cosine and Thermal Exchange Optimization metaheuristics. The influential parameters and their combined interaction effects on the transesterification efficiency were established through a factorial designed experiments. In this study, the influential parameters being optimized to obtain the maximum yield of biodiesel were reaction temperature of 60–150°C, reaction time of 1–6 hours, methanol to oil molar ratio of 6:1–12:1 mol/mol and weight of catalyst of 1–10wt. %. On the first phase, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed the reaction time as the most influential parameter on biodiesel production. Based on the experimental results from the hybrid algorithm via the SCO, it was concluded that the optimal biodiesel yield for the transesterification of palm oil were found to be 100°C for reaction temperature, 4 hours for reaction time, 10:1 wt/wt of ratio methanol to oil and 8% of weight of catalyst with 92.15% and 90.97% of biodiesel yield for expected and experimental values, respectively.

Biodiesel production using cesium modified mesoporous ordered silica as heterogeneous base catalyst

Fuel ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 719-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Kazemian ◽  
Bethany Turowec ◽  
Muhammad N. Siddiquee ◽  
Sohrab Rohani
Keyword(s):  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Heterogeneous Base Catalyst ◽  
Heterogeneous Base

Biodiesel Production through Direct Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil with Alcohol via Ultrasonic Wave

2013 ◽  
Vol 389 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Yong Feng Kang ◽  
Hua Jin Shi ◽  
Lin Ge Yang ◽  
Jun Xia Kang ◽  
Zi Qi Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Ester Exchange Reaction

Biodiesel is prepared from waste cooking oil and methanol. The ester exchange reaction is conducted under ultrasonic conditions with alkali as the catalysts. Five factors influencing on the transesterification reaction of biodiesel production are discussed in this study, including the reaction time, reaction temperature, catalyst amount, methanol to oil molar ratio, ultrasonic power. A series of laboratory experiments were carried out to test the conversion of biodiesel under various conditions. The process of biodiesel production was optimized by application of orthogonal test obtain the optimum conditions for biodiesel synthesis. The results showed that the optimum reaction conditions were:molar ratio of oil to methanol 8:1,catalysts 1.2g KOH/100g oil,reaction temperature 70°C, reaction time 50 min,Ultrasonic power 400W. The conversion may up to 96.48%.

scholarly journals Comparison of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis for synthesis of biodiesel from M. indica oil

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Singh ◽  
Faizal Bux ◽  
Y.C. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysis ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Homogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Catalyst Amount ◽  
Optimum Yield

Biodiesel was developed by transesterification of Madhuca indica oil by homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. KOH and CaO were taken as homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst respectively. It was found that the homogeneous catalyst (KOH) took 1.0 h of reaction time, 6:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 0.75 wt% of catalyst amount, 55?0.5?C reaction temperature for completion of the reaction. The heterogeneous catalyst (CaO) was found to give optimum yield in 2.5 h of reaction time at 8:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 2.5 wt% of catalyst amount, at 65?0.5?C. A high yield (95-97%) and conversion (>96.5%) was obtained from both the catalysts. CaO was found to leach to some extent in the reactants and a biodiesel conversion of 27-28% was observed as a result of leaching.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production Optimization using Heterogeneous Catalyst (Al2O3) in Karanja oil by Taguchi Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 5555-5558
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Production Optimization ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Experimental Yield ◽  
Karanja Oil

Biodiesel is renewable and environmental friendly fuel which has the potential to obtain considerable performance of engine. The aim of this work is to optimize the transesterification process for production of biodiesel using Taguchi method. In this experimental work, the Karanja oil transesterification is done to produce biodiesel using Al2O3 as a heterogeneous catalyst, using five parameters and five levels. Orthogonal array obtained by Minitab to analyze the interaction effect by using Taguchi method for the transesterification reaction. The parameters such as molar ratio of methanol to oil, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time and stirring speed are effect on biodiesel yield. Effect of these parameters is investigated on small scale. Experimental yield obtained at optimal conditions i.e. are 20:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil, addition of 3% Al2O3 catalyst, reaction temperature 65ºC, reaction time 60 min and 600 rpm stirring speed is 80%.

Application of Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Microalgae Through Nanocatalytic Transesterification Process.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaishali Mittal ◽  
Uttam Kumar Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Production of biodiesel from microalgae is gaining popularity since it does not compromise food security or the global economy. This article reports biodiesel production with Spirulina microalgae through nanocatalytic transesterification process. The nanocatalyst calcium methoxide Ca(OCH3)2 was synthesized using wet impregnation method and utilized to carry out the transesterification process. The nanocatalyst was characterized to evaluate its structural and spectral characteristics using different characterization techniques such as Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Brunaeur-Emmett-Teller(BET) measurement for surface area. The result demonstrates that calcium methoxide Ca(OCH3)2 possesses a high catalytic activity compared to a heterogeneous catalyst such as calcium oxide (CaO). The impact of several process parameters such as reaction temperature, the molar ratio of methanol to oil, catalyst concentration, and reaction time used in the transesterification process was optimized by employing central composite design(CCD) based response surface methodology(RSM). The polynomial regression equation of second order was obtained for methyl esters. The model projected a 99% fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) yield for optimal process parameters of reaction time 3hrs,3 wt.% of Ca(OCH3)2 catalyst loading, 80°C reaction temperature, and 30:1 methanol to oil molar ratio.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document