Preparation and Properties of Electroless Deposited Ni-Sn-P Ternary Alloy Coatings

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 455-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao Feng Zhu ◽  
Yu Cheng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Ternary Alloy ◽  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Alloy Coating ◽  
Stannic Chloride ◽  
Sodium Hypophosphite ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Tin Content

In this paper, Ni-Sn-P ternary alloy coating was prepared by the electroless depositing technique. Effects of tannic chloride, reductant and pH value of the bath on the coating were studied. And, erosion behavior of the coating in the 3.5g dm-1sodium chloride solution was also investigated. The results show that the electroless deposited Ni-Sn-P ternary alloy is amorphous. The deposition rate and the tin content in the coating increase, but the phosphorus content in the coating decreases with increasing the stannic chloride and sodium hypophosphite contents in the bath. The deposition rate increases with the pH value of the bath in the range of 3 to 6. Mass loss of the coating increases with increasing the erosion time and the flow velocity of erosion solution, which has its maximum value as the coating impacted at an angle of 60°.

Effect of Sodium Hypophosphite Content to the Deposition Rate, Structure and Magnetic Properties of Electroless Deposited Ni-P Alloy

2014 ◽  
Vol 215 ◽  
pp. 237-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman N. Yaroslavtsev ◽  
Lydia A. Chekanova ◽  
Sergey V. Komogortsev ◽  
Rauf S. Iskhakov
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Resonance Field ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Sodium Hypophosphite ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Deposition Kinetics ◽  
Film Deposition Rate ◽  
Deposited Films

The deposition kinetics, structure and magnetic properties of electroless deposited films Ni-P were investigated depending on the amount of sodium hypophosphite in the electroless bath. It was found that the film deposition rate is linear and unambiguously varies with the hypophosphite content from 2 to 13 g/l and from 23 to 25 g/l. The deposition rate varies widely in the hypophosphite concentration range from 13 to 23 g/l. The films are composed of amorphous Ni-P phase and fcc Ni-P solid solution with phosphorus content from 1 to 4 at.% P according to X-ray diffraction. The partial amount of amorphous phase is increased with concentration of sodium hypophosphite. The ferromagnetic resonance field is independent on the concentration of sodium hypophosphite, which assumes to be result from the laminated allocation of the amorphous and fcc phases in the film.

Effects of Plating Bath Composition and Operating Condition on Properties of Electroless Coating for High Strength Aluminum Alloy

2011 ◽  
Vol 179-180 ◽  
pp. 334-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao Min Qu ◽  
Xiao Ting Huang ◽  
Gang Yi Cai
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Nickel Sulfate ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Sodium Hypophosphite ◽  
Bath Composition ◽  
High Strength Aluminum Alloy

The table of L9 (34) of orthogonal design was adopted in the experiment. The optimal formulation and process conditions of electroless nickel plating on high strength aluminum alloy were determined. The influences of bath composition and operating conditions on the hardness and deposition rate were analyzed and discussed. The experimental results show that the optimal plating formulation were obtained, which were consisted of nickel sulfate hexahydrate(25g/L), sodium hypophosphite(20g/L) and sodium acetate(15g/L). The operating conditions are as follows: 80~85°C, pH value 5.0. The coating structure is more homogenous and compact, and the coating has good brightness. Meanwhile, the hardness is up to 376.8HV, and the deposition rate is 17.2μm/h. The order of effects on hardness is pH value, sodium acetate, sodium hypophosphite and nickel sulfate concentration in turn. The hardness of coating decreased after heat treatment on low temperature. When the temperature exceed 200°C, the hardness increased with temperature rising and reached the peak value at 400°C(565.3HV).

Influence of temperature and pH value on deposition rate and corrosion resistance of Ni–Zn–P alloy coating

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (01n03) ◽  
pp. 1940013
Author(s):  
Yongfeng Li ◽  
Chengguo Fu ◽  
Lili Liu ◽  
Mingchao Liang ◽  
Yaming Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Alloy Coating ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Complexing Agent ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Plating Bath ◽  
The Stability

The Ni–Zn–P alloy coating has excellent physical and chemical properties that have been exploited for various industrial applications. Using sodium citrate as a complexing agent and lactic acid as a stabilizer, the effects of temperature and pH on the deposition rate and corrosion resistance of electroless plated Ni–Zn–P coating were studied. The results indicated that, when the temperature was 85[Formula: see text]C, a good deposition rate was obtained with stable plating solution. pH value of 9.0 is preferred for the coating process by considering the stability of plating bath and deposition rate. The Ni–Zn–P alloy coating deposited with plating temperature of 85[Formula: see text]C and bath pH of 9.0 has good quality, and a uniform and smooth surface texture without porosity.

Preparation and Characterization of Cr-Co-P Alloy Coating Electrodeposited from Trivalent Chromium Solution

2008 ◽  
Vol 373-374 ◽  
pp. 277-280
Author(s):  
Ye Ming Zhang ◽  
Da Jing Fang ◽  
Long Hao ◽  
An Lin ◽  
Fu Xing Gan
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Alloy Coating ◽  
Trivalent Chromium ◽  
Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Sodium Hypophosphite ◽  
Plating Bath ◽  
Electro Deposition ◽  
Iridium Dioxide ◽  
Pure Graphite

Cr-Co-P alloy coating was prepared from trivalent chromium bath and the appearance and performances of the coating were characterized. The Cr-Co-P alloy electroplating bath was prepared through orderly adding cobalt chloride, sodium hypophosphite monohydrate, urea, sodium format, ammonium citrate tribasic, boric acid, and ammonium brome into distilled water. Optimum plating crafts were determined as follows: pH value 1.5~3.0, temperature 25~45°C, plating time 1~15 minutes, and current density 5~25A·cm-2. Reticulate iridium dioxide coating electrode or highly pure graphite electrode were adopted as anode. And electro deposition experiments were carried out with air disturbance. The surfaces of deposited coatings are silvery white, bright and smooth. The Cr-Co-P alloy coatings were characterized by scanning electronic microscope (SEM). The results proved that P is favour to the improvement of deposit corrosion resistance. In addition, Cobalt atoms are in favor of enhancing throwing power and cover power of plating baths. Via adjusting plating bath, the electro-deposition rate could reach at 1.0~1.3μm·min-1, and the contents of P and Co could be controlled in 15~25% and 10~65%.

Synergistic Effect of Different Species in Stannic Chloride Solution on the Production of Levulinic Acid from Biomass

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 5176-5183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingping Zhao ◽  
Cuiqing Zhou ◽  
Jianmei Li ◽  
Shuguang Xu ◽  
Changwei Hu
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Stannic Chloride

THE INFLUENCE OF VARIETY, SOIL TEMPERATURE, AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER ON YIELD AND PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE BY ALFALFA

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Levesque ◽  
J. W. Ketcheson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Phosphorus Application

Du Puits and Ladak varieties of alfalfa were grown for 10 weeks in the greenhouse on soil-sand media controlled at temperatures of 10°, 18°, and 26 °C. P32-tagged superphosphate was applied at rates of 10 and 80 p.p.m. phosphorus, respectively. Dry matter yields and phosphorus content of the tissue was determined at the end of the growth period. Increasing soil temperature from 10° to 26 °C. caused corresponding increases in total phosphorus uptake as a result of an increase in dry matter yields as well as an increase in the percentage of phosphorus in the plant tissue. Ladak exhibited the higher yield potential although Du Puits was less affected by low soil temperature conditions and appeared capable of making better use of soil phosphorus. With the higher phosphorus application, the root-top ratio for Du Puits was greater than that for Ladak, and the maximum value for this ratio occurred at 18 °C. for each variety. P32 activity measured in the tissue indicated that soil temperature was critical in terms of phosphorus fertilization in the 4- and 6-week stages of growth.

scholarly journals Investigation of Calix[4]arene Molecule on Electroless Ni-P Alloy on Carbon Steel Substrate and Evaluation of its Corrosion Resistance in 3% NaCl

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1384-1392
Author(s):  
N. M'hanni ◽  
M. Galai ◽  
T. Anik ◽  
M. Ebn Touhami ◽  
E.H. Rifi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Nickel Content ◽  
Chemical Deposition ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Sodium Hypophosphite ◽  
Complexing Agent ◽  
X Ray Diffraction

The autocatalytic nickel bath uses sodium hypophosphite as a reducing agent, sodium citrate as a complexing agent and sodium acetate as an accelerator. The effect of calix[4]arene molecule type H4L named (dicarboxylic acid p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene) was studied and used at various concentrations of 10-3 to 10-6 M to improve the microstructure, the microhadness and properties of nickel deposit obtained. The effect of varying the concentration of H4L, on the deposition rate, the composition, the microstructure and morphology of chemical deposition was studied. The results showed that depending on the concentration of calix[4]arene, the deposition rate decreases from 11, to 7.75 μm/h. The microstructure and microhardness improves significantly at a concentration of 10-6 M of additive. It was also shown that the coating obtained is adherent and compact and the chemical bath has become more stable in the presence of calix[4]arenic additives. Indeed, in both cases, the nickel content decreased with the addition of concentration. This decrease of nickel content might be related to the increase of deposition rate depending on the concentration. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed peak intensification in the {111} orientation of plane in the presence of a concentration of 10-6 M; this may be in agreement with the results of metallographic study which showed that the coatings are adherent and have a good resistance. Hence, the Vickers microhardness of deposited coatings has a better value (376 HV) at the concentration 10-6 M. The corrosion resistance in 3% NaCl solution has been proven at the same concentration as found. Finally, the cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic studies revealed that the additive strongly influences the cathodic process and affects slightly oxidation of hypophosphite.

scholarly journals Soil and highbush blueberry responses to fertilization with urea phosphate

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Ochmian ◽  
Jan Oszmiański ◽  
Bogusława Jaśkiewicz ◽  
Małgorzata Szczepanek
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Urea Phosphate ◽  
Second Year ◽  
High Level ◽  
Total Soil Nitrogen

Abstract The low availability of soils with an appropriate pH value (4.2-5.2) is a factor limiting an increase in highbush blueberry acreage. The experiments examined the influence of a physiologically acidic urea phosphate fertilizer on the pH change of the soil and the mineral content in the soil, leaves, and fruit as well as polyphenols in the fruit of two highbush blueberry cultivars – ‘Sunrise’ and ‘Brigitta Blue’. The fertilizer, at doses of 30 and 60 kg of nitrogen per hectare, was used in the experiments in each of the three years of the study. After using 60 kg N ha−1, urea phosphate caused a reduction in soil pH. It also significantly influenced the total soil nitrogen content – the average for the cultivars was 7.40 mg in 2015, while in the control plots – 1.85 mg 100 g−1. These quantities are above the optimum recommended for highbush blueberry. At the same time, low amounts of this ingredient were found in the leaves (‘Sunrise’ – 1.83 mg; ‘Brigitta Blue’ – 1.77 mg 100 g−1). Even after the application of 30 kg of fertilizer in the second year, the phosphorus content in the soil was at a high level (> 4 mg 100 g−1). The amount of phosphorus also increased in the leaves and fruit. Despite considerable quantities of available magnesium in the soil after urea phosphate application, a significant reduction of this component was observed in the leaves and fruit compared to the unfertilized control bushes. The applied fertilizer reduced the amount of polyphenols in the fruit of the tested cultivars.

Study on the Wood-Based Hydrogel and its pH-Sensitivity

2010 ◽  
Vol 139-141 ◽  
pp. 1950-1953
Author(s):  
Jiu Fang Duan ◽  
Jian Zhang Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Ph Sensitivity ◽  
Swelling Ratio ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Monomer Ratio ◽  
Crosslinker Content ◽  
Wood Content

A water absorbent wood hydrogel was prepared with the wood and acrylamide using glutaraldehyde as crosslinker. The structure of wood-based hydrogel was charactered by FTIR spectra. The monomer ratio, the amount of glutaraldehyde, the behavior of pH-sensitivity and salt-sensitivity of the wood hydrogel were studied in this paper. The results are as follows: The water absorption and grafting yield of wood-based hydrogel decreased with the increasing of wood content. The water absorption of wood-based hydrogel decreased with the crosslinker content increasing, the grafting yield increases with the crosslinker content increasing. The water absorption of wood-based hydrogel has strong sensitivity in pH value of 3.0 ~ 11.0 solution. At acidic and alkaline larger environment, the hydrogel shows a larger water absorption, and the smallest swelling ratio was obtained in pH7.0 buffer solution. The wood-based hydrogel shows stable behavior in different concentrations of sodium chloride solution.

Study on Electroless Ni-P Deposit on W-Cu Alloy and its Anti-Corrosion Mechanism

2008 ◽  
Vol 373-374 ◽  
pp. 240-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Hao ◽  
Ye Ming Zhang ◽  
Chao Yang ◽  
Hua Zhu ◽  
Xu Hui Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Potentiodynamic Polarization ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Alloy Coating ◽  
Corrosion Mechanism ◽  
Alloy Substrate ◽  
Cu Alloy ◽  
Electroless Ni

With suitable pretreatment, a compact and even nickel-phosphorus alloy coating was obtained on W-Cu alloy by electroless deposition from solutions containing nickel sulphate as a source of nickel and sodium hypophosphite as the reducing agent and a source of phosphorus. The Ni-P coating was normally prepared from acidic baths at high temperature of the order of 90oC with the pH of 4.8 and it was smooth and uniform and exhibited high crystal refinement and high microhardness and superior corrosion resistance. The microhardness, adhesion and corrosion resistance mechanism of Ni-P deposit were studied. The microhardness of the Ni-P alloy deposit increases greatly by tempering at various temperatures. The Ni-P deposit has a strong adhesive force with W-Cu alloy substrate checked by thermal shock test and scribe test. The anti-corrosion ability of Ni-P coating and its anti-corrosion mechanism were measured using immersion experiment and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. The results showed that the corrosion resistance of Ni-P coating was higher than that of W-Cu alloy substrate in the 10vol.% sulfuric acid, monitoring sweat solution and 3.5wt.% sodium chloride solution. The anti-corrosion mechanism of electroless Ni-P coating immersed in 3.5wt.% sodium chloride solution was studied using potentiodynamic polarization techniques. The surface micromorphological morphology and structure of the Ni-P coating were investigated using Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The results indicated that the Ni-P alloy coating consisted of microcrystals and it was amorphous in structure, and the electrochemical measurement showed passive film formed on Ni-P coating during immersion test in the 3.5wt.% sodium chloride solution.

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