Based on Molecular Distillation Waste Organic Matter Reduction Processing Technology Research

2013 ◽  
Vol 800 ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Zhong Jun Fu ◽  
Feng Song ◽  
Lu Shan Yu ◽  
Run Sun

In this paper, the current hazardous waste disposal methods of heavy organic matter were reviewed and the craft process of molecular distillation technology on distillation residue, recycling and reduction of heavy and dangerous waste organic matter were analyzed. The yield and the influence on product viscosity of molecular distillation separation heavy resid under different technology conditions were studied and the results showed that the technology conditions of molecular distillation separation heavy resid is residual pressure 10 pa, temperature 250 oC, blown film machine speed 230 r/min. the properties of the oil distillated met the national standard of wax oil. The goals of using molecular distillation recycling waste organic matter and heavy resource waste reduction were achieved.

2017 ◽  
pp. 356-362
Author(s):  
Lidiia Svirenko ◽  
Viktoriia Bondar

Ukraine is well-known in the world as a country with soil rich for humus. Approximately 68% of arable soils in Ukraine have been classificated as chernozem. For last decades decrease of organic matter content in soils of various agri-climatic zones has been surveyed in the country. The main reason of the mentioned process is enormous lack of organic fertilizer (manure) in agriculture connected with decrease in livestock (in 3 times since year 1992). Besides there is expansion of technical crops for biofuel production (like Brassica napus, Helianthus annuus), which are the provocateurs of soils exhaustion. At the same time such important source of organic matter for application in agriculture as sewage sludge (SS) from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is not used in Ukraine nowadays. To stop arable soils degradation in regions it is necessary to develop up-to-date management for fertilizer production on WWTPs. The base for the process has to be the acceptance of the goal-oriented National programme, corresponding governmental decrees and implementation of national standard for using sewage sludge as fertilizer.


2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 2979-2982
Author(s):  
Zhong Jun Fu ◽  
Feng Song ◽  
Zhao Jun Wang ◽  
Hong Wang

Based on the research of the molecular-distillation technical conditions for the renewable waste lubricating oil, the optimal technology and processes were studied and obtained with a pilot-scale molecular distillation device. The results could provide a strong technical basis for the reduction and recycling-separation of the renewable waste lubricating oil, and also for the energy-saving and emission-reduction. In addition, the economic and development prospect of this method was described and analyzed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 02029
Author(s):  
Haodong Zhang ◽  
Liu Bin ◽  
Longlong Lin ◽  
Rongxian Qu ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
...  

Camellia oil is a kind of natural product with high added value. In the process of production, processing, and transportation, acidic substances and peroxides that reduce the quality of oil are produced. In this paper, it was refined by scraping membrane molecular distillation device. The factors affecting the molecular distillation results were analyzed and studied through a single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment. On the surface of the experiment, the optimal process parameters were as follows: the temperature was 190℃, the pressure was 1 Pa, the scraping speed was 300r/min, and the feed amount was 900g/h. Under this condition, the acid value in camellia oil decreased from 2.67mgKOH/g to 0.19mgKOH/g, and the free fatty acid removal rate was 92.88%. The peroxide value decreased from 16.78mmol/kg to 1.03mmol/kg, and the peroxide removal rate was 93.86%. The experimental results showed that the surface of the scraping membrane molecular distillation equipment could meet the national standard of acid value and peroxide value under the appropriate technological parameters, and there was no solvent residue, which was a safe physical purification process.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Irfan Fadel ◽  
Ida Ayu Gede Bintang Madrini ◽  
Sumiyati Sumiyati

ABSTRAK Kotoran gajah kaya akan selulosa dan lignin. Kotoran gajah memiliki warna yang bervariasi mulai dari kehijauan hingga kehitaman, tergantung dari makanan yang dikonsumsi (Mathew and Mary 2015). Sementara ini kotoran gajah belum banyak dimanfaatkan Maka dari itu kotoran gajah belum dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. kotoran gajah belum banyak dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. Pengomposan menjadi salah satu pilihan untuk menjadikan kotoran gajah lebih bermanfaat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan bioaktivator EM-4 terhadap suhu, pH, kadar air, ratio C/N, bahan organik yang dihasilkan dan untuk menentukan konsentrasi larutan bioaktivator EM-4 yang menghasilkan kualitas kompos yang terbaik dari kotoran gajah dan sesuai dengan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 19-7030-2004). Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan dengan menggunakan 50 kg kotoran gajah untuk satu perlakuan dan masing masing konsentrasi EM-4 0 ml (kontrol), 50 ml, 100 ml dan 150 ml. Keempat perlakuan tersebut   dilakukan   pengulangan   sebanyak   2 kali sehingga didapatkan 8 unit percobaan. Parameter pengamatan meliputi suhu kompos, pH, Kadar Air, Bahan Organik, Karbon, Nitrogen,C/N ratio. Hasil pengomposan kotoran gajah dengan larutan EM-4 selama 2 bulan, maka dapat dilihat penambahan larutan EM-4 berpengaruh terhadap suhu, kadar air, ratio C/N dan bahan organik sedangkan pH tidak menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan. Pada perlakuan penambahan 150 ml EM-4 pada 50 kg kotoran gajah, suhu mencapai termofilik pada hari ke 28 yaitu 46,1 ?C, ratio C/N 19,63 dan bahan organik 35%. Semua perlakuan memenuhi SNI 19-7030-2004. ABSTRACT Elephant dung is rich in cellulose and lignin. Elephant dung has a color that varies from greenish to blackish, depending on the food consumed (Mathew & Mary, 2015). Meanwhile, elephant dung has not been used much. Therefore, elephant dung has not been fully utilized. elephant dung has not been fully utilized. Composting is an option to make elephant dung more useful. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the addition of EM-4 bioactivator on temperature, pH, moisture content, C / N ratio, organic matter produced and to determine the concentration of the EM-4 bioactivator solution which produces the best quality compost from elephant dung and in accordance with Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 19-7030-2004). This study used a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatment used 50 kg of elephant dung for one treatment and each concentration of EM-4 0 ml (control), 50 ml, 100 ml and 150 ml. The four treatments were repeated 2 times in order to obtain 8 experimental units. Observation parameters include compost temperature, pH, moisture content, organic matter, carbon, nitrogen, C / N ratio. The results of composting elephant dung with EM-4 solution for 2 months, it can be seen that the addition of EM-4 solution has an effect on temperature, water content, C / N ratio and organic matter while pH does not show a significant effect. In the treatment of adding 150 ml of EM-4 to 50 kg of elephant manure, the temperature reached thermophilic on day 28, namely 46.1 ?C, C / N ratio 19.63 and 35% organic matter. All treatments comply with SNI 19-7030-2004.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
A.A. NYOMAN SUPADMA ◽  
I MADE MEGA ◽  
I MADE DANA

Study of the Quality of Some Compost Fertilizer Simantri Production in Bali in Accordance with Indonesian National Standard-2004 (SNI 19-7030-2004). In Bali currently has circulated various types of compost, but testing of the quality most have not done regularly. Efforts to protect the consumer need to be implemented through the compost quality testing in the laboratory. This is done to prevent counterfeiting and ensure the quality of the compost is already in line with the quality standard SNI-2004. Among compost circulating in Bali, is compost Gapoktan Simantri production. The purpose of this study is to determine some of the physical and chemical properties of some Simantri’s compost circulating in Bali, whether in accordance with the criteria of the quality of compost SNI 19-7030-2004. Compost quality standards  SNI-2004 are water content (<50%), pH (6.8 to 7.49), total-N  (> 0.4%), C-organic (9.80 to 32%), P2O5 (> 0.10%), K2O (> 0.20%), C / N ratio (10-20), organic matter (27-58%), smells like soil, blackish color, and the temperature not hot. Compost sampling method for testing a composite on Gapoktan Simantri in Bali as many as 20 samples of compost. Parameters include: water content (grafimetri), pH (electrode glas), total-N (method of Kjeldhal), P2O5 and K2O (method of extracting HCL 25%), organic C (method of Walkley and Black), material organic, EC (coductometer), C/N ratio, color, temperature, and smell of the compost. Data obtained from the analysis in laboratory are compared to standard quality of compost according to SNI 19-7030-2004. The results showed that the total-N of compost Simantri is very high (1.13 to 2.11%), P content is very high (0.103 to 0.123%), K content is very high (0.902 to 2.342%),  C-organic is very high (14.08 to 25.48%), C/N ratio (10.52 to 18.52),  organic matter (24.87 to 43.93%) (all of these parameters in accordance with SNI-2004) ; pH  (6.65 to 8.36) (some not suitable SNI-2004), EC (2.31 to 8.46 mmhos/cm2) (some very high), moisture content (36.60 to 56.60%) (some not suitable SNI-2004), blackish color, smells like soil, and temperature not hot (according to the standard SNI-2004).The majority (57.14%) of compost Simantri examined in accordance with the  standard quality compost SNI-2004, but  (42.86%) is not in accordance  (pH and water content of compost).


Author(s):  
T.E. Pratt ◽  
R.W. Vook

(111) oriented thin monocrystalline Ni films have been prepared by vacuum evaporation and examined by transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. In high vacuum, at room temperature, a layer of NaCl was first evaporated onto a freshly air-cleaved muscovite substrate clamped to a copper block with attached heater and thermocouple. Then, at various substrate temperatures, with other parameters held within a narrow range, Ni was evaporated from a tungsten filament. It had been shown previously that similar procedures would yield monocrystalline films of CU, Ag, and Au.For the films examined with respect to temperature dependent effects, typical deposition parameters were: Ni film thickness, 500-800 A; Ni deposition rate, 10 A/sec.; residual pressure, 10-6 torr; NaCl film thickness, 250 A; and NaCl deposition rate, 10 A/sec. Some additional evaporations involved higher deposition rates and lower film thicknesses.Monocrystalline films were obtained with substrate temperatures above 500° C. Below 450° C, the films were polycrystalline with a strong (111) preferred orientation.


Author(s):  
David L. Spector ◽  
Robert J. Derby

Studies in our laboratory are involved in evaluating the structural and functional organization of the mammalian cell nucleus. Since several major classes (U1, U2, U4/U6, U5) of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs) play a crucial role in the processing of pre-mRNA molecules, we have been interested in the localization of these particles within the cell nucleus. Using pre-embedding immunoperoxidase labeling combined with 3-dimensional reconstruction, we have recently shown that nuclear regions enriched in snRNPs form a reticular network within the nucleoplasm which extends between the nucleolar surface and the nuclear envelope. In the present study we were inte rested in extending these nuclear localizations using cell preparation techniques which avoid slow penetration of fixatives, chemical crosslinking of potential antigens and solvent extraction. CHOC 400 cells were cryofixed using a CF 100 ultra rapid cooling device (LifeCell Corp.). After cryofixation cells were molecular distillation dried, vapor osmicated, in filtra ted in 100% Spurr resin in vacuo and polymerized in molds a t 60°C. Using this procedure we were able to evaluate the distribution of snRNPs in resin embedded cells which had not been chemically fixed, incubated in cryoprotectants or extracted with solvents.


2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Toerge ◽  
Joseph Bleiberg ◽  
Michael Rose

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