Extraction of Silica from Palm Ash Using Organic Acid Leaching Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 594-595 ◽  
pp. 329-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Che Pa Faizul ◽  
Abdullah Chik ◽  
Md. Fazlul Bari ◽  
Hidayu Jamil Noorina
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Strong Acids ◽  
Metallic Impurities

Agricultural wastes such as palm ash and rice husk have a possibility to be used as a usefully renewable source for production of energy and silica (SiO2). Extensive researches have been carried out to extract silica from agricultural wastes such as rice husk, due to silica as a useful raw material for industrial application. In the previous studies, the strong acid leaching treatment was carried out to remove metallic impurities and organics contained in rice husk. A strong acid leaching treatment, however, is significantly hazardous to the environment and people [. In this study, the environmentally benign and economically effective process to produce SiO2 materials from palm ash has been established by using citric acid leaching, not the conventional strong acids. Results showed that silica can be extracted from palm ash using citric acid leaching treatment under the optimum extracting conditions with 70°C of solution temperature, 60 minutes of reaction time and concentration of citric acid of more than 2%. The purity of silica extracted is more than 90%.

Extraction of Silica from Palm Ash Using Citric Acid Leaching Treatment: Preliminary Result

2013 ◽  
Vol 795 ◽  
pp. 701-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Che Pa Faizul ◽  
C. Abdullah ◽  
B. Fazlul
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Silica Materials ◽  
Metallic Impurities

Large quantities of agricultural wastes such as palm ash and rice husk are found throughout Malaysia, have a possibility to be used as a usefully renewable source for production of energy and silica (SiO2). Extensive researches have been carried out to extract silica from agricultural wastes such as rice husk, due to silica as a useful raw material for industrial application. In the previous studies, the strong acid leaching treatment was carried out to remove metallic impurities and organics contained in rice husk. Since leaching treatment is a proper route to extract the silica, sulphuric acid (H2SO4), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and nitric acid (HNO3) solutions are currently used in leaching treatment to prepare silica materials [. A strong acid leaching treatment, however, is significantly hazardous to the environment and people. In this study, the weaker acid, citric acid solutions were used to replace strong acid in leaching processes. Preliminary results showed that silica can be extracted from palm ash using citric acid leaching treatment under the optimum extracting conditions with 70°C of solution temperature, 60 minutes of reaction time and concentration of citric acid of more than 2%. The purity of silica extracted is more than 90%.

Review of Extraction of Silica from Agricultural Wastes Using Acid Leaching Treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 997-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Che Pa Faizul ◽  
C. Abdullah ◽  
B. Fazlul
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Silica Materials ◽  
The Common ◽  
Metallic Impurities

Large quantities of agricultural wastes such as palm ash and rice husk are found in Malaysia, have a large possibility to be employed as usefully renewable to produce energy and silica (SiO2). Extensive researches have been carried out to extract silica from agricultural wastes such rice husk, because silica is useful raw material for industrial application. In the previous studies, the strong acid leaching treatment was carried out on rice husk to remove metallic impurities and organics contained in them. Leaching treatment is a proper route to extract the silica. Sulphuric acid (H2SO4), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and nitric acid (HNO3) solutions are conventionally used in leaching treatment to prepare silica materials [. A strong acid leaching treatment, however, is significantly hazardous to the environment and humans. This paper reviews the common extraction method used and the latest research trends in extraction of silica.

scholarly journals Citric acid leaching process for removal of iron (Fe) from rice husk

2021 ◽  
Vol 2080 (1) ◽  
pp. 012016
Author(s):  
Faizul Che Pa ◽  
Abdullah Chik ◽  
Hasan Zuhudi Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Earth Metal ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Leaching Process ◽  
Stirring Time ◽  
High Level

Abstract Rice husk containing the highest amount composition of silica (SiO2) compared with other agricultural waste. With such a large availability of rice husk, it becomes economical to industrial by the implementation concept of sustainability beside decompose the rice rusk into ash. The extraction of silica and elimination of metallic element, such as iron (Fe) from rice husk (RH) was treated by leaching process. With this, the RH can be utilized to produce various types of useful renewable resources such as silica (SiO2). Using the organic acid as leaching solution is more eco-friendly instead using the inorganic acid that classified as very dangerous chemical due to the high level of hazard. The treated and untreated rice husk ash characterizes using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. The morphology of treated rice husk shows the tubular aggregate due to the presence of alkaline earth metal such as Ca and Mg. Under the optimum condition with 90 °C solution temperature, 60 minutes stirring time, 3% of citric acid and calcination temperature of 800 °C for 3 hours, amorphous silica with more than 78% was prepared via citric acid leaching treatment and combustion process.

Removal of Iron (Fe) in Rice Husk via Citric Acid Leaching Treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 857 ◽  
pp. 540-546
Author(s):  
Nur Haslinda Mohamed Muzni ◽  
Noorina Hidayu Jamil ◽  
Cheow Keat Yeoh
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Stirring Time

Rice husk (RH) is an agricultural waste which has been utilized as useful renewable resources to produce energy with high-purity silica (SiO2) contents. With such a large availability of rice husk, it becomes economical to industrial applications. This paper was study about the removal of iron from rice husk in aqueous citric acid by using acid leaching treatment. The parameters chosen were reaction temperature, stirring speed, acid concentration and stirring time. The optimum conditions for the maximum removal of 0.14% of iron with citric acid leaching treatment were observed at solution temperature of 70°C; thermostat magnetic stirrer hotplate, 150 W; acid concentration 0.1M-1.0M; stirring time 6h-12h. This method resulted the removal efficiency of iron increasing considerably with the increasing leach C2H7O8 acid concentration. The optimization of the process conditions of the citric acid leaching treatment under the optimum conditions with 6h of stirring time and acid concentration of 1.0M were conducted to remove the metallic impurities of Fe from husks and shows remarkable result.

scholarly journals Introduction of research on sustainable and environmentally friendly wood-based materials

Impact ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-75
Author(s):  
Kenji Umemura
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Simple Preparation ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Sustainable Materials

Wood-based materials are used for construction and furniture etc. The demand is expected to increase due to population growth and economic development. Wood-based materials are considered as sustainable material because wood is the main raw material. However, adhesives are indispensable when manufacturing those, and almost wood adhesives are made from chemicals derived from fossil resources. In recent years, breaking away from dependence on fossil resources has become an important global issue. One of the purposes of this work is to develop bio-based adhesives with simple preparation, low dependence of fossil resources and high adhesiveness. Novel bio-based adhesives using citric acid and/or sucrose are being researched. On the other hand, considering significant decrease of global forest area, alternative raw components for wood-based materials is desperately needed in the future. Un-utilized lignocellulosic biomass such as agricultural wastes would be promising for these. The utilization of agricultural wastes also contributes to carbon fixation of lignocellulosic biomass. Now, researchers at the Laboratory of Sustainable Materials are interested in developing new wood-based materials that combine agricultural wastes with bio-based adhesives. These efforts will make wood-based materials more sustainable and environmentally friendly.

scholarly journals The utilization demineralized rice husk waste for biofuel source via pyrolysis: thermogravimetric analysis and kinetic study

2019 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 05019
Author(s):  
Hesti Wijayanti ◽  
Iryanti Fatyasari Nata ◽  
Rinny Jelita
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Nitric Acid Solution ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Acid Solutions

Rice husk is considered as agricultural waste that causes environmental problem during its handling. In this study, rice husk was treated with acid (citric acid and nitric acid) solutions prior used as raw material for producing biofuel and chemicals via pyrolysis. The pyrolysis behaviors of rice husk treated with water and acid solutions have been investigated through thermogravimetric analysis from room temperature to 600 oC at the heating rate of 10oC/min under 50 ml/min nitrogen flow. Demineralization treatment using strong acid (nitric acid) solution showed more impacts to the rice husk in thermogravimetric analysis, i.e. lower ash content, less minerals content and thermal stability increased. One step model kinetic resulted the lowest activation energy (12.8709 kJ/mol) occured at the 5% nitric acid solution treatment. Excellent agreement between the experimental data and model predictions was found with 8.63% of the relative error. In other words, demineralization using 5% nitric acid solution would improve rice husk performance during its pyrolysis reaction for producing biofuel.

Rice Husk Demineralization: Effect of Washing Solution on Its Physicochemical Structure and Thermal Degradation

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Hesti Wijayanti ◽  
Iryanti Fatyasari Nata ◽  
Chairul Irawan ◽  
Rinny Jelita
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Thermochemical Process ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Generally, biomass consists of various amounts of minerals. These minerals influence the biomass characteristics and behavior during their use in a thermochemical process such as pyrolysis. The conversion during pyrolysis and its final product will be affected. This research was carried out to study the impact of washing treatment in water and acid solutions on the rice husk as the raw material for pyrolysis. Also, the effect of acid strength (citric acid as the weak acid while nitric acid as the strong acid) and its concentration (1, 5, and 10 wt.%) was investigated. The results confirmed from the thermogravimetry (TGA/DTG) analysis, surface analysis (SEM), and spectra (FTIR) analysis describe the treatment using water caused less change on the rice husk surface structure and its thermal degradation. However, it seems hard to reduce the minerals (proved from XRF analysis). Meanwhile, the treatment using acids solution resulted in lower mineral composition than the rice husk without treatment. This result is more visible for demineralization using a 5 wt.% nitric acid solution. However, for a higher concentration (washing treatment using 10 wt.% solutions of nitric acid), the degradation on rice husk structure was more occurred.

Extraction of Tin (Sn) from Solder Dross by Using Citric Acid Leaching Treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 571-575
Author(s):  
Syarifah Aminah Ismail ◽  
Noorina Hidayu Jamil ◽  
Kamarudin Hussin ◽  
Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Suggested Method ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Stirring Time ◽  
Temperature Recovery

Solder dross containing Sn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Fe and other impurities was leached with 0.1-1.0 M citric acid at 60 °C for 24 hours stirring times. Parameter affecting the tin recovery of suggested method such as acid concentration, stirring time and temperature were investigated. Results obtained revealed that the optimum leaching parameter were achieved using 250ml of citric acid (C6H8O7) and 10 acid/g drossfor 24 hours at 60°Cof solution temperature. Recovery of tin from solder dross was 99.0%.

Effect of Acid Leaching on Different State of Rice Husk

2020 ◽  
Vol 1010 ◽  
pp. 532-537
Author(s):  
Nur Haslinda Mohamed Muzni ◽  
Noorina Hidayu Jamil ◽  
Faizul Che Pa ◽  
Wan Mohd Arif
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Amorphous Silica ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Surface Areas

Rice husks (RH) are agricultural wastes available abundantly in rice producing country. A by-product obtained from combustion of rice husk is rice husk ash (RHA) which is rich in silica (SiO2) contents. This paper focused on the effect of acid leaching treatment on rice husk to produce high-purity silica. There are 4 different states of conditions involved; raw rice husk (RRH), treated rice husk (TRH), rice husk ash (RHA), and treated rice husk ash (TRHA). Citric acid; C6H8O7 was used as a leaching agent. TRH and TRHA was leached to see whether treated rice husk before combustion (TRH) or treated rice husk after combustion (TRHA) will produce more high-purity silica. Chemical composition analysis shows high amorphous silica content which is 98.47% with low metallic impurities at 1.0M C6H8O7, 70 oC for treated rice husk (TRH). X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern shows the presence of amorphous silica in treated rice husk (TRH) and crystalline silica in treated rice husk ash (TRHA). Fragmentation of TRH into small pieces after acid leaching is seen where there is significant increase in the exposed surface areas. High-purity amorphous silica with more than 98% was prepared via citric acid leaching treatment and combustion process.

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