Strip Size Optimization for Spiral Type Actuator Coil Used in Electromagnetic Flat Sheet Forming Experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 875 ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Shakeel Akbar ◽  
Muhammad Adeel Aleem ◽  
Faisal Pirandad ◽  
Ahnaf Usman Zillohu ◽  
Muhammad Saifullah Awan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lorentz Force ◽  
Eddy Currents ◽  
Sheet Forming ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Copper Strip ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spiral Coil ◽  
S Factor ◽  
Flat Spiral

Flat spiral coil for electromagnetic forming system has been modelled in FEMM 4.2 software. Copper strip was chosen as material for designing the actuator coil. Relationship between height to width ratio (S-factor) of the copper strip and coil’s performance has been studied. Magnetic field intensities, eddy currents and Lorentz force were calculated for the coils that were designed using six different 'S-factor' values (0.65, 0.75, 1.05, 1.25, 1.54 and 1.75), keeping the cross-sectional area of strip same. Results obtained through simulation suggest that actuator coil with S-factor ~ 1 shows optimum forming performance as it exerts maximum Lorentz force (84 kN) on work piece. The same coils was fabricated and used for electromagnetic sheet forming experiments. Aluminum 6061 sheets of thickness 1.5 mm have been formed using different voltage levels of capacitor bank. Smooth forming profiles were obtained with dome heights 28, 35 and 40 mm in work piece at 800, 1150 and 1250 V respectively.

Impact of the Depth-to-Width Ratio of Periodically Stratified Tidal Channels on the Estuarine Circulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 2048-2069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Schulz ◽  
Henk M. Schuttelaars ◽  
Ulf Gräwe ◽  
Hans Burchard
Keyword(s):  
Eddy Viscosity ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Stable Stratification ◽  
Estuarine Circulation ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tidal Straining ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Periodic Stratification ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe dependency of the estuarine circulation on the depth-to-width ratio of a periodically, weakly stratified tidal estuary is systematically investigated here for the first time. Currents, salinity, and other properties are simulated by means of the General Estuarine Transport Model (GETM) in cross-sectional slice mode, applying a symmetric Gaussian-shaped depth profile. The width is varied over four orders of magnitude. The individual along-channel circulation contributions from tidal straining, gravitation, advection, etc., are calculated and the impact of the depth-to-width ratio on their intensity is presented and elucidated. It is found that the estuarine circulation exhibits a distinct maximum in medium-wide channels (intermediate depth-to-width ratio depending on various parameters), which is caused by a maximum of the tidal straining contribution. This maximum is related to a strong tidal asymmetry of eddy viscosity and shear created by secondary strain-induced periodic stratification (2SIPS): in medium channels, transverse circulation generated by lateral density gradients due to laterally differential longitudinal advection induces stable stratification at the end of the flood phase, which is further increased during ebb by longitudinal straining (SIPS). Thus, eddy viscosity is low and shear is strong in the entire ebb phase. During flood, SIPS decreases the stratification so that eddy viscosity is high and shear is weak. The circulation resulting from this viscosity–shear correlation, the tidal straining circulation, is oriented like the classical, gravitational circulation, with riverine outflow at the surface and oceanic inflow close to the bottom. In medium channels, it is about 5 times as strong as in wide (quasi one-dimensional) channels, in which 2SIPS is negligible.

scholarly journals Ultrasound Characterization of Patellar Tendon in Non-Elite Sport Players with Painful Patellar Tendinopathy: Absolute Values or Relative Ratios? A Pilot Study

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 882
Author(s):  
José L. Arias-Buría ◽  
César Fernández-de-las-Peñas ◽  
Jorge Rodríguez-Jiménez ◽  
Gustavo Plaza-Manzano ◽  
Joshua A. Cleland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Patellar Tendon ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Patellar Tendinopathy ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Elite Sport ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blinded Assessor

Imaging findings in patellar tendinopathy are questioned. The aim of this pilot study was to characterize ultrasound measures, by calculating ultrasound ratio and neovascularization of the patellar tendon in non-elite sport players with unilateral painful patellar tendinopathy. Cross-sectional area (CSA), width, and thickness of the patellar tendon were assessed bilaterally in 20 non-elite sport-players with unilateral painful patellar tendinopathy and 20 asymptomatic controls by a blinded assessor. Ultrasound ratios were calculated to discriminate between symptomatic and asymptomatic knees. The Ohberg score was used for characterizing neovascularization. We found that non-elite sport players with patellar tendinopathy exhibited bilateral increases in CSA, width, and thickness of the patellar tendon compared to asymptomatic controls (Cohen d > 2). The ability of ultrasound ratios to discriminate between painful and non-painful patellar tendons was excellent (receiver operating characteristic, ROC > 0.9). The best diagnostic value (sensitivity: 100% and specificity: 95%) was observed when a width ratio ≥ 1.29 between the symptomatic and asymptomatic patellar tendon was used as a cut-off. Further, neovascularization was also observed in 70% of non-elite sport players with unilateral patellar tendinopathy. A greater CSA ratio was associated with more related-disability and higher tendon neovascularization. This study reported that non-elite sport players with painful unilateral patellar tendinopathy showed structural ultrasound changes in the patellar tendon when compared with asymptomatic controls. Ultrasound ratios were able to discriminate between symptomatic and asymptomatic knees. Current results suggest that ultrasound ratios could be a useful imaging outcome for identifying changes in the patellar tendon in sport players with unilateral patellar tendinopathy.

Sheet metal electromagnetic forming using a flat spiral coil: Experiments, modeling, and validation

2019 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 408-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evandro Paese ◽  
Martin Geier ◽  
Roberto P. Homrich ◽  
Pedro Rosa ◽  
Rodrigo Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Metal ◽  
Electromagnetic Forming ◽  
Spiral Coil ◽  
Flat Spiral

scholarly journals Device for automated magnetic pulse stimulation of plant production processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 01064
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Khort ◽  
Igor Smirnov ◽  
Alexey Kutyrev ◽  
Rostislav Filippov
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Magnetic Pulse ◽  
Spiral Coil ◽  
Frequency Magnetic Field ◽  
Flat Spiral

Numerous studies of various physical factors show the promise of using pulsed magnetic fields in bioregulatory technologies to stimulate plant life and growth processes. As a result of exposure to garden strawberries with a low-frequency magnetic field, the quality of planting material improves, plant immunity increases, crop growth and development accelerates, the number and weight of berries increase. The article presents a developed automated device for magnetic pulse processing (MPP) of plants, considers the device, design and principle of its operation. The electrical circuit of the device and its technical characteristics are given. According to the results of a laboratory experiment, the magnetic field parameters of the working body of the device in the near zone of a flat spiral coil were established. The numerical value of the magnetic induction at a distance of 100 mm from the center of the coil is 8.3 mT.

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Facial Morphology in Normal Japanese Children as Control Data for Cleft Surgery

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Yamada ◽  
Yoshihide Mori ◽  
Katsuhiro Minami ◽  
Katsuaki Mishima ◽  
Yuichi Tsukamoto
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face Width ◽  
Upper Face ◽  
Normal Japanese

Objective: This study presents an analysis of three-dimensional facial forms of normal Japanese children. Design and Setting: Cross-sectional data (n = 247) were available from the Ikeda Public Health Center. Patients and Participants: Three groups of children (ninety-seven 4-month-old infants, fifty-four 1.5-year-old children, and eighty 3.5-year-old children) were analyzed using a three-dimensional anthropometric technique. Main Outcome Measures: Three-dimensional coordinates of facial landmarks were extracted automatically from XYZ data sets and photo images of an optical surface scanner. Results: Only minor gender differences were noted. Lip height was not correlated with other facial dimensions. There was a significant correlation between upper face, nose, and mouth widths. Compared with adults, the upper face width was larger (approximately 70% to 80% of adults) than the middle and lower parts of the face. Width ratios were greater than height and depth ratios. The lip height ratio, however, was larger than the lip width ratio, and the angle of the cupid's bow was more acute in children. The angle of the nose was more obtuse, particularly in the axial plane. Conclusions: In cleft lip surgery involving young children, there may be no need to consider gender differences. Some characteristic differences exist between children and adults, however, and normal standards for children would be helpful in plastic surgery.

Effect of HPT on Age-Hardening Behavior in Cu-Added Excess Mg-Type Al-Mg-Si Alloys

2014 ◽  
Vol 922 ◽  
pp. 487-490
Author(s):  
Shun Maruno ◽  
Seiji Saikawa ◽  
Shoichi Hirosawa ◽  
T. Hamaoka ◽  
Z. Horita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
High Pressure Torsion ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Age Hardening ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Aging Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Dimension ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Excess Mg

Severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques such as high pressure torsion (HPT) have been extensively researched to achieve. SPD process makes use of the plastic deformation where no change in the cross-sectional dimension of a work piece occurs during straining.In this work, the effect of HPT on aging behavior and microstructure in excess Mg-type Al-Mg-Si alloys including Cu. These alloys were investigated by hardness test and TEM observation. The results show that processing by HPT leads to significant grain refinement with a grain size of ~250nm. Age-hardening phenomenon is observed at 343K and 373K for the Al-Mg-Si alloys with HPT. A few density of dislocation in the crystal grain was observed. The typical needle-shaped precipitates of Al-Mg-Si alloys were not observed in the matrix.

Research on Workpiece Deformation in Electromagnetic Forming Process with Finite Element Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 2702-2704
Author(s):  
Chang Peng ◽  
Li Qiu ◽  
Ke Shen Gong ◽  
Ding Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Coupling ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Electromagnetic Forming ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Spiral Coil ◽  
Electromagnetic Structure ◽  
Sequential Coupling ◽  
Flat Spiral ◽  
Free Bulging ◽  
Center Area

Electromagnetic forming is a kind of processing technology that use lorentz force to make rapid prototyping of metal workpiece, which can significantly improve the metal forming performance,and it is expected to become an emerging technology that alternative to traditional machining to process light alloy materials. Based on the understanding the basic structure of the electromagnetic coupling on the basis of physical process of electromagnetic forming, this article adopt ANSYS sequential coupling method to simulate the electromagnetic coupling process of electromagnetic structure, and analysis of tube electromagnetic forming and plate of workpiece in the process of free bulging deformation behavior. The solenoid coil tubing have an axis of symmetry due to bulging, and it’s electromagnetism load and constraint has symmetry, so its formability is uniform in hoop direction. When the plank free bulge, the distribution of the electromagnetic force caused by the flat spiral coil is not uniform,and the artifacts accelerate fastest in the part of the radius of coil 1/2, but the center area of the workpiece’s forming height is highest.

scholarly journals P1.5 - Cross-Sectional Area Estimation of hot rolled round steel bars using eddy currents

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Weidenmueller ◽  
Christoph Knopf ◽  
Christian Sehestedt ◽  
Joerg Himmel ◽  
Olfa Kanoun
Keyword(s):  
Eddy Currents ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Area Estimation ◽  
Steel Bars ◽  
Hot Rolled

scholarly journals Effect of Buccal Corridors Width on Smile Quality and Esthetics

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (03) ◽  
pp. 204-208
Author(s):  
Hina Siddiqui ◽  
◽  
Sadia Rizwan ◽  
Syed Shah Faisal ◽  
Syed Sheeraz Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Dentists ◽  
Smile Esthetics ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Buccal Corridor ◽  
General Dentist

OBJECTIVE: To assess the perception of buccal corridor width on smile esthetics by Orthodontic residents, General dentists and Laypersons. METHODOLOGY: A smile photograph was taken of an adult female. The image was modified to obtain five different buccal corridor widths and were assessed by different evaluators grouped into general dentist, orthodontic resident and laypersons who rated the attractiveness of each smile by means of a visual analog scale (VAS). Sample size was 97 participants to rate the picture. Non-probability purposive sampling was done The data was analyzed and mean and SD were calculated for the scores of rating. ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test was applied to compare the different ratings of buccal corridors in three groups. The data of this cross sectional study was collected from general population belonging to different communities, general dentists and orthodontic residents of different dental colleges of Karachi, Pakistan from August 2019 to March 2020. RESULTS: There were 97 participants who responded to the images. Highest scores were obtained for Image 1 having buccal corridor width ratio of 16% followed by image no. 3 having buccal corridor width ratio of 10% and lowest scores were obtained for Image no. 6 having least buccal corridor widths ratio that is 34% followed by image no 5 having 26% buccal corridor widths. Among the groups of participants, the highest scores were given by laypersons for all images. Significant differences were observed between evaluation of groups of Orthodontic resident and layperson in most images. CONCLUSION: There was a remarkable influence of buccal corridor width on smile esthetics, with the 16% ratio group being rated as the most attractive by all three groups. KEYWORDS: Buccal corridors, Smile, esthetics, Attractiveness

scholarly journals Physical modeling of metamatereals on the basis of the flat spiral coil

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-30
Author(s):  
Z.R. Idiatullov ◽  
◽  
I.I. Ahmetov ◽  
M.M. Fatyhov ◽  
S.V. Spiridonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Transmission Coefficient ◽  
Physical Modeling ◽  
Geometric Shape ◽  
Spiral Coil ◽  
Geometric Shapes ◽  
Modeling Methods ◽  
Spiral Coils ◽  
Flat Spiral

In this work, the problems of physical modeling of metamaterials based on flat spiral coils with different geometric shapes were considered. The main parameters of the structures metamaterial modeling, methods of creation, as well as their unique properties are considered. As a result of physical modeling, structures were obtained that model the metamaterial with different values of dimensions and parameters. On the basis of the experimental data, the best variant of the geometric shape of the structure element was determined, based on the highest transmission coefficient.

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