An Investigation on the Application of Cryogenic Ball Milling to Ibuprofen Particle and Its Characteristics

2006 ◽  
Vol 505-507 ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyong Yop Rhee ◽  
Hyun Kab Cho ◽  
Jai Sung Hong
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Ball Milling Process ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Size Of Particles

For a present study, a cryogenic ball milling process was applied to reduce the Ibuprofen particles to submicron in order to enlarge their dissolution rate. The cryogenic ball milling was performed using 6 mm zirconia balls at a temperature of -180 °C or lower. The effects of milling time, the weight ratio of ball to Ibuprofen, and milling speed on the particle size were investigated. SEM and particle size analyzer were used to analyze the shape and size of particles before and after ball milling. The chemical changes before and after the cryogenic ball milling process were examined through XRD (x-ray diffraction) analysis. The results show that the size of Ibuprofen particles was reduced to about 1/20 of its initial size and the particle size showed negligible change after six hours of ball milling. The effect of weight ratio and the milling speed on the particle size was almost negligible. The results also show that cryogenic ball milling yielded no chemical changes in the particle.

Particle Size Reduction of Biomaterials Using Cryogenic Milling Process

2005 ◽  
Vol 475-479 ◽  
pp. 2403-2406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Mok Lee ◽  
Hoon Jae Park ◽  
Seung Soo Kim ◽  
Tae Hoon Choi ◽  
E.Z. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Particle Size Reduction ◽  
Cryogenic Milling ◽  
Ball Milling Process ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Degree Of Crystallinity

Reducing the particle size of drug materials down to submicron is an important matter in pharmaceutical industry. Cryogenic milling technology is one of the mechanical milling processes, which is mostly utilized in refining grain size of metal and ceramics at extremely low temperature environment. This technique has not been readily studied in application to medical and biotechnology. This paper, therefore, describes the application of cryogenic milling process to reduce particle size of Ibuprofen. The shape and size of the Ibuprofen particle before and after the cryogenic ball milling process were analyzed. XRD analysis was performed to examine a change in crystallinity of Ibuprofen by the cryogenic ball milling process. The results showed that the size of Ibuprofen particles was reduced to 1/10 or less of its initial size. The results also showed that the degree of crystallinity of Ibuprofen was slightly reduced after cryogenic ball milling with nitrogen.

High-Energy Ball Milling and Sintering of Ti-2Ta-22Si-11B and Ti-6Ta-22Si-11B Powders Mixtures

2014 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Moreira Ferreira ◽  
Luciano Braga Alkmin ◽  
Érika C.T. Ramos ◽  
Carlos Angelo Nunes ◽  
Alfeu Saraiva Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Equilibrium Structures ◽  
Rotary Speed ◽  
Steel Balls

The milling process of elemental Ti-2Ta-22Si-11B and Ti-6Ta-22Si-11B (at-%) powder mixtures were performed in a planetary Fritsch P-5 ball mill using stainless steel vials (225 mL) and hardened steel balls (19 mm diameter). Ball-to-powder weight ratio of 10:1 and a rotary speed of 300 rpm were adopted, varying the milling time. Wet milling (isopropyl alcohol) for 20 more minutes was used to increase the yield powder in to the vial. Following the Ti-Ta-Si-B powders milled for 600 min were heat-treated at 1100°C for 1 h in order to obtain the equilibrium structures. The milled powders and heat-treated samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometry. Supersaturated Ti solid solutions were formed during ball milling of Ti-Ta-Si-B powders while that the Ti5Si3 phase was formed after milling for 620 min of the Ta-richer powder mixture only. The particles sizes were initially increased during the initial milling times, and the wet milling provided the yield powder into the vials. A large amount of pores was found in both the sintered samples which presented the formation of the TiSS,(ss-solid solution) Ti6Si2B and TiB.

Preparation and Microstructure of Al/Ti3SiC2 Nanocomposite

2007 ◽  
Vol 121-123 ◽  
pp. 191-194
Author(s):  
Wan Li Gu ◽  
Liu Feng
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Powder Mixture ◽  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Steel Ball ◽  
Mixed Powder ◽  
Ball Milling Process ◽  
Ball Milling Technique

An Al-5vol%Ti3SiC2 nanocomposite has been prepared by ball milling technique. Steel ball, agate ball and zirconia ball were selected during the ball milling process and then the microstructure evolution of the powder mixture was investigated. The homogenous fine mixed powder can be obtained with zirconia ball, whereas the conglomeration will be formed in the case of steel ball and agate ball. The bulk Al/Ti3SiC2 nanocomposite was fabricated by hot pressing technique. The effects of the particle size and agglomerate state of Ti3SiC2, as well as the microstructure of Al/Ti3SiC2 nanocomposite were studied by SEM and TEM. It was found that the nanosized Ti3SiC2 particle could be obtained during the ball milling process and distributed in aluminium homogenously.

scholarly journals Working Volume and Milling Time on the Product Size/Morphology, Product Yield, and Electricity Consumption in the Ball-Milling Process of Organic Material

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto ◽  
Riezqa Andika ◽  
Muhammad Aziz ◽  
Lala Septem Riza
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Final Particle ◽  
Ball Milling Process ◽  
Working Volume

Analysis of ball-milling process under various conditions (i.e. working volume, milling time, and material load) on the material properties (i.e. chemical composition, as well as particle size and morphology), product yield, and electricity consumption was investigated. Turmeric (curcuma longa) was used as a model of size-reduced organic material due to its thermally and chemically stability, and fragile. Thus, clear examination on the size-reduction phenomenon during the milling process can be done without considering any reaction as well as time-consuming process. Results showed that working volume is prospective to control the characteristics of product. Working volume manages the shear stress and the collision phenomena during the process. Specifically, the lower working volume led to the production of particles with blunt-edged morphology and sizes of several micrometers. Although working volume is potentially used for managing the final particle size, this parameter has a direct impact to the product yield and electricity consumption. Adjustment of the milling time is also important due to its relation to breaking material and electrical consumption.

scholarly journals Electric polarization properties of BaTiO3-BiFeO3 as nanomultiferroic material produced by sol-gel method

2018 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 05005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwita Suastiyanti ◽  
Maykel T.E. Manawan ◽  
Marlin Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Sinter Time ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Electric Polarization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Dominant Phase

The nanomultiferroic material which is synthesized in this research used sol-gel method. The research used weight ratio of BaTiO3: BiFeO3 of 2: 1. Gel formed after heating at 80-90°C was calcined at 350°C for 4 hours and then sintered at 700,750 and 800°C for 2, 4 and 6 hours respectively. Powder produced after sintering was characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) test using XRD Phillips PW 1835 type, 20°-100° diffraction angle and CuKα, electric polarization properties test and particle size measurement using Particle Size Analyzer of Beckman Coulter DelsaTM Nano instrument. From the characterization results, it is obtained that the dominant phase is Barium Bismuth Iron (III) Oxide (BaBiFe2O5). Electrical polarization properties such as remanent, coersivity and saturation reach maximum value at sinter temperature of 750° C and sinter time of 6 hours. This result is supported by the smallest particle size of powder (54-57 nm) and also supported by the largest number of dominant phase (98.79%) at same condition.

Effect of Ball Milling Process on Electrochemical Properties of Copper Hexacyanoferrate Active Material for Calcium-Ion Batteries

2019 ◽  
Vol 803 ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Ha Jin Lee ◽  
Du Yeol Kim ◽  
Soon Ki Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Calcium Ion ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Copper Hexacyanoferrate ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Ball Milling Process

This study investigates the electrochemical properties of ball-milled copper hexacyanoferrate (CuHCF), a Prussian blue analogue, as a cathode material in aqueous calcium-ion batteries (CIBs). X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the ball milling process did not destroy the crystal structure of the CuHCF active material. The general grain size and crystal surface of the synthesized CuHCF active materials were confirmed from the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. The electrochemical test results revealed that prolonged ball milling improved the charge/discharge capacity in the initial cycle. After 200 cycles, structural collapse of the CuHCF electrode occurred, as observed by SEM.

High Energy Ball-Milling of Tin Titanate Zirconate for Use in Microwave Applications

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 480-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.L. Arantes ◽  
Dulcina P.F. Souza
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Liquid Phase Sintering ◽  
High Energy Ball Milling ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Microwave Frequencies ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Energy Ball

Tin titanate zirconate (ZTS) is widely known for its good dielectric properties at high frequencies and has been widely employed as a dielectric resonator. ZTS does not sinter easily by solid state difusion and it is necessary to introduce sintering aids capable of increasing diffusion coefficients and/or leading to liquid phase sintering. Consequently, the dielectric properties in microwave frequencies can be reduced. This work focused on the utilization of high energy ball-milling as a method of reducing initial particle size and further improving sintering of ZTS.The powders obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction as a function of milling time, as well as by a light scattering particle size analyzer.

Effect of Milling on the Electrochemical Properties of Nanostructured Li(Fe0.8Mn0.2)PO4 as Cathodes for Li-ion Batteries

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 039-042
Author(s):  
Morteza Torabi ◽  
Alireza Tavakkoli Neyshabouri ◽  
Bahram Soltan Mohammad ◽  
S. H. Razavi ◽  
Mansoor Kianpour Rad
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Kinetic Reaction ◽  
Ball Milling Process ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Electrochemical Evaluation ◽  
Iron And Manganese

Phospho-olivine Li(Fe0.8Mn0.2)PO4 was synthesized using high-temperature solid state procedure. Ball milling was used to decrease the particle size of the active material. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed formation of the phospho-olivines. The crystallite size of the ball-milled particles was calculated about 64.9 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also showed polygonal particles of the ball-milled Li(Fe0.8Mn0.2)PO4 and homogeneous distribution of the iron and manganese. Electrochemical evaluation of the ball-milled Li(Fe0.8Mn0.2)PO4 demonstrated faster kinetic reaction with respect to the as-synthesized Li(Fe0.8Mn0.2)PO4. The ball milling process led to highest capacity between the samples (150 mAh g-1 at 0.1 mA cm-2); however, annealing the ball-milled samples showed the best cyclic performance (3% fading after 50 cycles). Ball milling process caused nanostructured Li(Fe0.8Mn0.2)PO4 with lower diffusion length, higher electrical conductivity and higher capacity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document