scholarly journals On the Evaluation of the Mechanical Behaviour of Structural Glass Elements

2006 ◽  
Vol 514-516 ◽  
pp. 799-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Costa ◽  
Micaela Miranda ◽  
Humberto Varum ◽  
Filipe Teixeira Dias
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Structural Glass ◽  
Tempered Glass ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

Glass can be considered to be a high-technology engineering material with a multifunctional potential for structural applications. However, the conventional approach to the use of glass is often based only on its properties of transparency and isolation. It is thus highly appropriate and necessary to study the mechanical behaviour of this material and to develop adequate methods and models leading to its characterisation. It is evident that the great potential of growth for structural glass applications is an important opportunity of development for the glass industry and the building/construction sectors. The work presented in this paper is a reflection of this conclusion. The authors shortly present the state-of-the-art on the application of glass as a structural element in building and construction, and refer to other potential fields of application and available glass materials. The experimental procedures and methods adopted in three-point bending tests performed on 500 × 100 [mm2] float, laminated and tempered glass specimens with thicknesses between 4 and 19 mm are thoroughly described. The authors evaluated the mechanical strength and stiffness of glass for structural applications. This work contributes to a deeper knowledge of the properties of this material.

scholarly journals Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Hemp-Fibre Biocomposites Fabricated with Biobased and Regular Epoxy Resins

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Colomer-Romero ◽  
Dante Rogiest ◽  
Juan Antonio García-Manrique ◽  
Jose Enrique Crespo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Green Composites ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastics

Bio- and green composites are mainly used in non-structural automotive elements like interior panels and vehicle underpanels. Currently, the use of biocomposites as a worthy alternative to glass fibre-reinforced plastics (GFRPs) in structural applications still needs to be fully evaluated. In the current study, the development of a suited biocomposites started with a thorough review of the available raw materials, including both reinforcement fibres and matrix materials. Based on its specific properties, hemp appeared to be a very suitable fibre. A similar analysis was conducted for the commercially available biobased matrix materials. Greenpoxy 55 (with a biocontent of 55%) and Super Sap 100 (with a biocontent of 37%) were selected and compared with a standard epoxy resin. Tensile and three-point bending tests were conducted to characterise the hemp-based biocomposite.

scholarly journals Mechanical properties of laterally loaded threaded rods embedded in softwood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haris Stamatopoulos ◽  
Francesco Mirko Massaro ◽  
Jalal Qazi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Core Diameter ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
The Core ◽  
Threaded Fasteners ◽  
Characteristic Values ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Screw Threads ◽  
Laterally Loaded

AbstractAt present, the mechanical properties of laterally loaded threaded fasteners with large diameters embedded in timber elements remain unknown. An experimental study of laterally loaded threaded rods with wood screw threads embedded perpendicular to grain in softwood elements (spruce and pine glulam and spruce LVL) is presented in this paper. Embedment tests with the load acting parallel and perpendicular to grain were carried out and the embedment strength and stiffness were quantified. For some test series, the experimental embedment strengths were lower compared to the predictions according to Eurocode 5 in terms of both mean and characteristic values. This finding indicates that the predictions by Eurocode 5 are not always conservative. To investigate the effect of the thread, additional series of embedment tests were carried out with smooth dowels featuring a diameter approximately equal to the core diameter of the threaded rods. Finally, the yielding moment of threaded rods was quantified based on a series of three-point bending tests of threaded rods. The experimentally determined yielding moment was significantly higher than the prediction of Eurocode 5.

Experimental investigation on Iroko wood used in shipbuilding

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Bucci ◽  
P Corigliano ◽  
V Crupi ◽  
G Epasto ◽  
E Guglielmino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Strength Class ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Test Pieces ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Glued Laminated Timber ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

The paper deals with investigations about mechanical properties of Iroko, a hardwood species used for structures in shipbuilding as glued laminated timber. Experimental tests have been carried out to assess strength, stiffness and density of Iroko in accordance with current EN Standards. All the results obtained by tensile and three-point bending tests, along with the statistical analyses performed to define the characteristics values of some mechanical properties, are reported in the paper. These values allowed to assign the strength class, reported in EN 338 Standard, to the investigated Iroko wood population. The experiments have taken into account both solid timber strips and scarf-jointed strips, in order to evaluate the influence of such a type of joint, which is widely used in wooden shipbuilding on strength and stiffness. Eventually, peculiar investigations have been carried out to analyse the failure mode of some test pieces through special experimental techniques: three-dimensional computed tomography and infrared thermography.

Design of a Variable Stiffness Wrist Brace With an Origami Structural Element

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos B. Oliveira ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Mengtao Zhao ◽  
Samuel M. Felton
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Variable Stiffness ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Plate Structure ◽  
Flat Shape ◽  
Flexural Hinges

This paper presents a motor driven wrist brace that can adjust its stiffness by changing its mesoscale geometry. The design involves a plate structure that folds from a flexible flat shape to a stiff corrugated shape by means of a motor driven tendon. The structure is built using a laminate of rigid and flexible layers, with embedded flexural hinges that allow it to fold. The paper proposes a simplified analytical model to predict stiffness, and physical three-point bending tests indicate that the brace can increase its stiffness up to fifty times by folding.

Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on the Material Properties of the Distal Tibia

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Fleischli ◽  
Terese J. Laughlin ◽  
Kyriacos Athanasiou ◽  
Dan R. Lanctot ◽  
Lawrence Lavery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Strength ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Distal Tibia ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Bending Modulus ◽  
Human Male ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

This investigation evaluates the effects of diabetes on the mechanical properties of human bone, specifically, the tibia. Seven diabetic and seven nondiabetic human (male) cadaveric distal tibiae were used in this study. The average age of the diabetic cadaveric samples was 51 years (range, 46–61 years), and the average age of the nondiabetic cadaveric samples was 75 years (range, 67–85 years). Three-point bending tests for strength and stiffness were performed on a small sample of each distal tibia. Each specimen was loaded at a constant rate until failure. From the recorded curve of load versus displacement, the ultimate and yield strength of bone and the bending modulus of bone were calculated. The diabetic samples were generally weaker than the older, nondiabetic samples, but no statistically significant differences were found in the elastic modulus (P = .29), yield strength (P = .90), ultimate strength (P = .46), and fracture toughness (P = .78), leading to speculation that diabetes has an effect similar to that of aging on the musculoskeletal system. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 96(2): 91–95, 2006)

Mechanical Behaviour of Sandwich Beams Manufactured with Glass or Jute Fiber in Facings and Cork Agglomerates as Core

2010 ◽  
Vol 636-637 ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís G. Reis ◽  
P. Carvalho ◽  
C. Alves ◽  
Manuel de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Jute Fiber ◽  
Resin Transfer Moulding ◽  
Shear Tests ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Sustainable Products ◽  
Rtm Process ◽  
Transfer Moulding

The environment is a prominent issue today. Designing environmentally sustainable products is an attempt to address this question. In many cases, natural materials are environmentally friendly for product design manufacturing. The goal of this work is to study the mechanical behaviour of NL10 and NL30 cork agglomerates. Compression, shear and bending tests in sandwich specimens made of glass or jute fiber in facings and cork agglomerates as core were carried out. The sandwich specimens were manufactured by Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM) process. Results show that NL30 has a higher compression strength and shear resistance than NL10 agglomerate due to its manufacturing process, which originates superior density, but the NL30 agglomerate superior density is undesirable. Sandwich test specimens that presented failure by rupture of the core in both types of tests, core shear tests and three point bending tests, showed that the failure is mainly adhesive occurring between the adhesively joined cork grains. Since grains are unaffected and remain intact, it is possible to improve these materials by using better agglutinants and new bonding techniques with the intent of getting cork agglomerates with higher shear and flexural strength.

Investigation of the Deformation Twins on the Bending Cross Section of TA2 Titanium Sheet

2020 ◽  
Vol 837 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Shuai Sun ◽  
Kai Hua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Titanium Sheet ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Deformation Twins ◽  
Ebsd Technique ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Deformation Area

In order to determine the evolution features of deformation twins for TA2 commercial pure titanium (cp-TA2), the TA2 samples were bent under different bending angles in three-point bending tests via a universal testing machine. The electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique was applied to identify the grain boundaries (GBs) and twin boundaries (TBs) in the bending areas. The results reveal that the type of deformation area would effect the evolution of different deformation twins. It is inferred that the state of stress would promote the multiplication of the same type of deformation twins.

scholarly journals A Study of the Flexural Behavior of Fiber-Reinforced Concretes Exposed to Moderate Temperatures

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3522
Author(s):  
Marta Caballero-Jorna ◽  
Marta Roig-Flores ◽  
Pedro Serna
Keyword(s):  
Steel Fiber ◽  
Flexural Behavior ◽  
Polypropylene Fibers ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Insulation System ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Lower Performance ◽  
Cracked Specimens

The use of synthetic fibers in fiber-reinforced concretes (FRCs) is often avoided due to the mistrust of lower performance at changing temperatures. This work examines the effect of moderate temperatures on the flexural strengths of FRCs. Two types of polypropylene fibers were tested, and one steel fiber was employed as a reference. Three-point bending tests were carried out following an adapted methodology based on the standard EN 14651. This adapted procedure included an insulation system that allowed the assessment of FRC flexural behavior after being exposed for two months at temperatures of 5, 20, 35 and 50 °C. In addition, the interaction of temperature with a pre-cracked state was also analyzed. To do this, several specimens were pre-cracked to 0.5 mm after 28 days and conditioned in their respective temperature until testing. The findings suggest that this range of moderate temperatures did not degrade the behavior of FRCs to a great extent since the analysis of variances showed that temperature is not always a significant factor; however, it did have an influence on the pre-cracked specimens at 35 and 50 °C.

scholarly journals Near-Surface Mounted Reinforcement of Sawn Timber Beams-FEM Approach

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2780
Author(s):  
Izabela Burawska-Kupniewska ◽  
Piotr Beer
Keyword(s):  
European Standard ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Bending Stresses ◽  
Complex Models ◽  
Near Surface Mounted ◽  
Sawn Timber ◽  
Timber Beams

The demand for timber has increased significantly in recent years. Therefore, reliable tools are needed to predict the mechanical properties of sawn timber, especially for structural applications. Very complex models require a lot of input data for analysis, which cannot always be guaranteed, especially in industrial practice. Thus, a simplified model for material description was developed and assessed with experiments (static bending tests carried out in accordance with the guidelines suggested in the European standard EN 408) and an analytical approach (gamma method according to the guidelines given in the European standard EN 1995). The effective stiffness was calculated as a major parameter, which has an influence on the elements’ behavior. The model included a near-surface mounted (NSM) local reinforcement technique, with CFRP strips of Scots pine timber beams being subjected to bending stresses. It is anticipated that the developed model can be a starting point for the repair engineering field, contributing to decision-making regarding conservation technique selection and range. Next, improvements of the model will provide more and more realistic results for numerical analysis in terms of the obtained failure mechanisms for sawn timber elements.

scholarly journals Mechanical behaviour of calcareous waste under consolidated drained triaxial compression testing in saturated conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 01016
Author(s):  
Jakub Zięba
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Triaxial Compression ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Excess Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Stiffness Properties ◽  
Construction Purpose ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Excess Pore

The article presents the mechanical behaviour of calcareous waste under consolidated and drained condition in Triaxial compression test (CD). The host material currently being considered for the construction purpose of several buildings in Poland. One of the location of calcareous waste is in Łagiewniki area (in Cracow) [1,2]. In this work, particular attention has been paid to the to ensure fully saturation for all the tested soil samples and avoid generation of unwanted excess pore water pressure during shearing stage. The saturation level of soil samples was estimated based on Skempton’s law (B>0.95). CD Triaxial test have been conducted in order to derive information on its strength and stiffness properties.

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