Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on the Material Properties of the Distal Tibia

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Fleischli ◽  
Terese J. Laughlin ◽  
Kyriacos Athanasiou ◽  
Dan R. Lanctot ◽  
Lawrence Lavery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Strength ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Distal Tibia ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Bending Modulus ◽  
Human Male ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

This investigation evaluates the effects of diabetes on the mechanical properties of human bone, specifically, the tibia. Seven diabetic and seven nondiabetic human (male) cadaveric distal tibiae were used in this study. The average age of the diabetic cadaveric samples was 51 years (range, 46–61 years), and the average age of the nondiabetic cadaveric samples was 75 years (range, 67–85 years). Three-point bending tests for strength and stiffness were performed on a small sample of each distal tibia. Each specimen was loaded at a constant rate until failure. From the recorded curve of load versus displacement, the ultimate and yield strength of bone and the bending modulus of bone were calculated. The diabetic samples were generally weaker than the older, nondiabetic samples, but no statistically significant differences were found in the elastic modulus (P = .29), yield strength (P = .90), ultimate strength (P = .46), and fracture toughness (P = .78), leading to speculation that diabetes has an effect similar to that of aging on the musculoskeletal system. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 96(2): 91–95, 2006)

Bending Properties and Failure Mechanisms of Tapered 3D Braided Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 1468-1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Can Can Cheng ◽  
Zhao Lin Liu ◽  
Li Fang Liu ◽  
Jian Yong Yu
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Reduction Technique ◽  
Braided Composites ◽  
Bending Properties ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Bending Modulus ◽  
3D Braided Composites

Tapered 3D braided composites are prepared by column yarn-reduction technique, unit yarn-reduction technique and cutting, respectively. Bending properties in the tapered regions of the composites are obtained by three-point bending tests, and SEM photographs of the fracture surfaces are observed to analyze the failure mechanisms. Results show that bending modulus and bending strength of the yarn-reduction composites are significantly higher than those of the cut composites, and the unit yarn-reduction composites are slightly stronger than the column yarn-reduction composites. The saw-tooth propagation of matrix crackings and interfacial debondings are the primary failure mechanisms of the yarn-reduction composites, while yarn breakages and yarn pulling-outs are the main failure modes of the cut composites.

scholarly journals Mechanical properties of laterally loaded threaded rods embedded in softwood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haris Stamatopoulos ◽  
Francesco Mirko Massaro ◽  
Jalal Qazi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Core Diameter ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
The Core ◽  
Threaded Fasteners ◽  
Characteristic Values ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Screw Threads ◽  
Laterally Loaded

AbstractAt present, the mechanical properties of laterally loaded threaded fasteners with large diameters embedded in timber elements remain unknown. An experimental study of laterally loaded threaded rods with wood screw threads embedded perpendicular to grain in softwood elements (spruce and pine glulam and spruce LVL) is presented in this paper. Embedment tests with the load acting parallel and perpendicular to grain were carried out and the embedment strength and stiffness were quantified. For some test series, the experimental embedment strengths were lower compared to the predictions according to Eurocode 5 in terms of both mean and characteristic values. This finding indicates that the predictions by Eurocode 5 are not always conservative. To investigate the effect of the thread, additional series of embedment tests were carried out with smooth dowels featuring a diameter approximately equal to the core diameter of the threaded rods. Finally, the yielding moment of threaded rods was quantified based on a series of three-point bending tests of threaded rods. The experimentally determined yielding moment was significantly higher than the prediction of Eurocode 5.

scholarly journals Maize brace root biomechanics are determined by geometry within a genotype and material properties between genotypes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Erndwein ◽  
Elahe Ganji ◽  
Ashley N. Hostetler ◽  
Adam Stager ◽  
Megan L. Killian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Bending Modulus ◽  
Root Biomechanics

ABSTRACTCrop plants are susceptible to yield loss by mechanical failure, which is called lodging. In maize (Zea mays), aerial nodal brace roots impart mechanical stability to plants, with previous studies showing that the lowest whorl of brace roots contributes the most. The features of brace roots that determine their contribution to mechanical stability are poorly defined. Here we tested the hypothesis that brace root mechanical properties vary between whorls, which may influence their contribution to mechanical stability. 3-point bending tests were used to determine that brace roots from the lowest whorl have the highest structural mechanical properties regardless of growth stage, and that these differences are largely due to brace root geometry within a genotype. Analysis of the brace root bending modulus determined that differences between genotypes are attributable to both geometry and material properties. These results support the role of brace root biomechanics to determine the brace root contribution to mechanical stability.HIGHLIGHTBrace root biomechanics vary within and between genotypes. These results support the importance of biomechanics to define the contribution of brace roots to mechanical stability.

scholarly journals On the Evaluation of the Mechanical Behaviour of Structural Glass Elements

2006 ◽  
Vol 514-516 ◽  
pp. 799-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Costa ◽  
Micaela Miranda ◽  
Humberto Varum ◽  
Filipe Teixeira Dias
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Structural Glass ◽  
Tempered Glass ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

Glass can be considered to be a high-technology engineering material with a multifunctional potential for structural applications. However, the conventional approach to the use of glass is often based only on its properties of transparency and isolation. It is thus highly appropriate and necessary to study the mechanical behaviour of this material and to develop adequate methods and models leading to its characterisation. It is evident that the great potential of growth for structural glass applications is an important opportunity of development for the glass industry and the building/construction sectors. The work presented in this paper is a reflection of this conclusion. The authors shortly present the state-of-the-art on the application of glass as a structural element in building and construction, and refer to other potential fields of application and available glass materials. The experimental procedures and methods adopted in three-point bending tests performed on 500 × 100 [mm2] float, laminated and tempered glass specimens with thicknesses between 4 and 19 mm are thoroughly described. The authors evaluated the mechanical strength and stiffness of glass for structural applications. This work contributes to a deeper knowledge of the properties of this material.

Experimental investigation on Iroko wood used in shipbuilding

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Bucci ◽  
P Corigliano ◽  
V Crupi ◽  
G Epasto ◽  
E Guglielmino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Strength Class ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Test Pieces ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Glued Laminated Timber ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

The paper deals with investigations about mechanical properties of Iroko, a hardwood species used for structures in shipbuilding as glued laminated timber. Experimental tests have been carried out to assess strength, stiffness and density of Iroko in accordance with current EN Standards. All the results obtained by tensile and three-point bending tests, along with the statistical analyses performed to define the characteristics values of some mechanical properties, are reported in the paper. These values allowed to assign the strength class, reported in EN 338 Standard, to the investigated Iroko wood population. The experiments have taken into account both solid timber strips and scarf-jointed strips, in order to evaluate the influence of such a type of joint, which is widely used in wooden shipbuilding on strength and stiffness. Eventually, peculiar investigations have been carried out to analyse the failure mode of some test pieces through special experimental techniques: three-dimensional computed tomography and infrared thermography.

scholarly journals Mechanical properties of solid glass bricks

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Fíla ◽  
Martina Eliášová ◽  
Zdeněk Sokol
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Flat Glass ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Solid Glass

Glass as one of the oldest building materials has been used for centuries to fill window openings. In recent years is it increasingly used also for load-bearing structural elements such as beams, columns, ribs, railings, etc. In addition to flat glass and hollow glass blocks, which have been used historically for non-load-bearing partitions and facades, new load bearing structures from solid glass bricks are arising. Their greater use is hampered by a lack of knowledge of their material properties. Also, their joining is difficult, as can be seen from the realized structures and published works focused on the glass bricks masonry. Most often, transparent adhesives or special mortars are used on the joint between glass bricks. In addition to some examples of completed glass brick structures, the paper is aimed at determining the material properties of glass bricks, which are a prerequisite for the design of safe structures. Two sets of experiments were performed. There were made three-point bending tests and compression tests to determine the bending tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and compressive strength of glass bricks.

Investigation of the Deformation Twins on the Bending Cross Section of TA2 Titanium Sheet

2020 ◽  
Vol 837 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Shuai Sun ◽  
Kai Hua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Titanium Sheet ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Deformation Twins ◽  
Ebsd Technique ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Deformation Area

In order to determine the evolution features of deformation twins for TA2 commercial pure titanium (cp-TA2), the TA2 samples were bent under different bending angles in three-point bending tests via a universal testing machine. The electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique was applied to identify the grain boundaries (GBs) and twin boundaries (TBs) in the bending areas. The results reveal that the type of deformation area would effect the evolution of different deformation twins. It is inferred that the state of stress would promote the multiplication of the same type of deformation twins.

scholarly journals A Study of the Flexural Behavior of Fiber-Reinforced Concretes Exposed to Moderate Temperatures

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3522
Author(s):  
Marta Caballero-Jorna ◽  
Marta Roig-Flores ◽  
Pedro Serna
Keyword(s):  
Steel Fiber ◽  
Flexural Behavior ◽  
Polypropylene Fibers ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Insulation System ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Lower Performance ◽  
Cracked Specimens

The use of synthetic fibers in fiber-reinforced concretes (FRCs) is often avoided due to the mistrust of lower performance at changing temperatures. This work examines the effect of moderate temperatures on the flexural strengths of FRCs. Two types of polypropylene fibers were tested, and one steel fiber was employed as a reference. Three-point bending tests were carried out following an adapted methodology based on the standard EN 14651. This adapted procedure included an insulation system that allowed the assessment of FRC flexural behavior after being exposed for two months at temperatures of 5, 20, 35 and 50 °C. In addition, the interaction of temperature with a pre-cracked state was also analyzed. To do this, several specimens were pre-cracked to 0.5 mm after 28 days and conditioned in their respective temperature until testing. The findings suggest that this range of moderate temperatures did not degrade the behavior of FRCs to a great extent since the analysis of variances showed that temperature is not always a significant factor; however, it did have an influence on the pre-cracked specimens at 35 and 50 °C.

Utilization of Dacite as Alternative Aggregate in Asphalt Mixture

2012 ◽  
Vol 509 ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
Shao Peng Wu ◽  
Pan Pan ◽  
Ming Yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Asphalt Content ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Of Construction

With the widespread application of asphalt mixture, current demand from transportation managers for construction and maintenance of their pavement network consumes large numbers of aggregates. If agencies excessively favor to some certain kinds of excellent aggregates, the cost of construction could be considerably expensive. The major objective of this study is to determine the feasibility of utilizing dacite in asphalt mixtures. By means of Marshall, freeze-thaw, rutting and three-point bending tests, the performances of dacite and basalt asphalt mixture are compared. The results of the testing illustrate that dacite asphalt mixture is more susceptible to gradation and asphalt content than basalt asphalt mixture. Meanwhile it is showed that the performances of dacite asphalt mixture can be improved greatly with the involvement of additives including active mineral powder and cement. Furthermore, it is validated that dacite can be used as alternative aggregate in asphalt mixture.

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