Effect of Replacing Carbon Black with Organo-Modified Bentonite and Acid-Activated Zeolite on Vulcanization Characteristics of Natural Rubber Tire Tread

2017 ◽  
Vol 890 ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan B. Pajarito ◽  
Kimberly A. Gines ◽  
Angelica S. Baluyut ◽  
Jennielyn Aina A. de Leon ◽  
Ralph P. Villa
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Design Of Experiment ◽  
Mixture Design ◽  
Modified Bentonite ◽  
Rubber Tire ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Contour Plots ◽  
Simplex Lattice ◽  
Simplex Lattice Mixture Design

The effect of replacing carbon black with organo-modified bentonite and acid-activated zeolite on vulcanization characteristics of natural rubber tire tread was studied using a simplex-lattice mixture design of experiment. Minimum elastic torque ML, maximum elastic torque MH, scorch time ts1, and cure time tc90 of tire treads were modeled in terms of amount of carbon black, organo-modified bentonite, and acid-activated zeolite in the formulation. Contour plots show reduction in ML when carbon black is replaced with a blend of bentonite and zeolite. However, full replacement with acid-activated zeolite increases ML. MH is lowered when carbon black is replaced with bentonite or zeolite. Results also show scorch and curing times to be accelerated when carbon black is replaced with organo-modified bentonite. Meanwhile, vulcanization is retarded as amount of acid-activated zeolite in the formulation is increased.

Experimental and Modeling Study on the Curing Properties of Natural Rubber Composites Filled with Varying Proportions of Carbon Black, Modified Bentonite and Raw Bentonite

2018 ◽  
Vol 934 ◽  
pp. 50-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare L. Garing ◽  
Bryan B. Pajarito
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Modified Bentonite ◽  
Simplex Lattice ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Simplex Lattice Mixture Design ◽  
Torque Values

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of replacing carbon black (CB) with inexpensive and environmentally friendly fillers – bentonite (BNT) and modified bentonite (M-BNT), on the curing properties of natural rubber (NR) composites. A control sample (unfilled NR) and thirteen NR composites filled with varied proportions of CB (x1), M-BNT (x2), and BNT (x3) based on a third degree – simplex lattice mixture design of experiment (DOE) were prepared in this study. Rheometric results showed that 33% substitution of CB with M-BNT provides the highest elastic torque values. Mixture of 10phr CB and 5phr M-BNT (CB/M-BNT/BNT 10/5/0) produces synergistic effect on curing. The presence of CB increases vulcanization rate due to its high basicity and low oxygen content while M-BNT serves as vulcanizing accelerator due to the present amine groups. Coefficients of reduced hierarchical models showed that the main factors contributed mainly on the curing parameters: β1for the torque values, β2for the scorch and curing time, and β3for CRI. High values of coefficient of determination (r2) were computed particularly for MH(98.20%), ΔS (99.13%), ts2(95.68%), tc90(95.70%) and CRI (95.97%) establishing best fit between the model and experimental values.

Effect of Carbon Black Substitution with Raw and Modified Bentonite on the Thermal Aging Resistance of Natural Rubber Composites

2016 ◽  
Vol 705 ◽  
pp. 8-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare L. Garing ◽  
Bryan B. Pajarito
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Thermal Aging ◽  
Clay Platelet ◽  
Aging Resistance ◽  
Contour Plots ◽  
Activated Bentonite ◽  
Simplex Lattice ◽  
Simplex Lattice Mixture Design

The effect of carbon black (CB) substitution with raw (BNT) and modified (M-BNT) bentonite on the thermal aging resistance of natural rubber (NR) composites was investigated in this study. NR composites were prepared at varied proportions of CB, M-BNT, and BNT using a three-component, third degree simplex lattice mixture design of experiment (DOE). M-BNT was produced by modifying sodium-activated bentonite with tetradecyldimethylamine (TDA) salt and cocamide diethanolamine (CDEA). Thermal aging was performed at 70 and 100°C for 168 and 336 h. Substitution of CB with 5 phr M-BNT gave the highest values of tensile properties (modulus and strength) for both unaged and aged samples. This is attributed to the synergistic effect of CB and M-BNT fillers on the tensile properties of NR composites. In terms of property retention (%), composites filled with M-BNT and BNT clay fillers attained the highest values which signified their excellent thermal aging resistance. This observation proves the barrier effect of clay platelet structure which hinders oxygen diffusion in the rubber. Reduced hierarchical models as function of CB, M-BNT, and BNT proportions were used to generate contour plots for tensile properties of NR composites after 168 h of aging at 70 and 100°C.

Effect of Replacing Carbon Black with Surfactant-Modified Natural Feldspar on Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 890 ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Noel Jeffrey P. Pinton ◽  
Bryan B. Pajarito
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Stress Transfer ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Natural Rubber Composites ◽  
Filler Dispersion ◽  
Simplex Lattice ◽  
Simplex Lattice Mixture Design

The effect of replacing carbon black (CB) with surfactant-modified natural feldspar (SMNF) on hardness and tensile properties of natural rubber (NR) composites was studied using a simplex-lattice mixture design of experiment. SMNF was produced by treating natural feldspar (NF) with coconut diethanolamine (CDEA) and glycerol monostearate (GMS). Complete replacement of CB with SMNF based from CDEA or GMS decreased Shore A hardness and tensile stress at all elongations. NR composites reinforced with SMNF based from GMS exhibited higher mechanical properties than from CDEA which is attributed to the higher hydrophobicity factor of GMS. CDEA may also have aggregated on the surface of NF, resulting to poor filler dispersion and ineffective stress transfer.

Mechanical Properties of Ternary-Filled Natural Rubber Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 821 ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare L. Garing ◽  
Bryan B. Pajarito
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Compressive Performance ◽  
Contour Plots ◽  
Simplex Lattice ◽  
Reflectance Ftir ◽  
Atr Spectroscopy ◽  
Simplex Lattice Mixture Design

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of each ternary filler component: carbon black (CB), modified bentonite (M-BNT), and raw bentonite (BNT), and their interactions, on the mechanical properties of natural rubber (NR) composites, using a third degree-simplex lattice mixture design of experiment. The efficiency of the two-step organic modification to produce M-BNT was confirmed by the results of Fourier transform infrared with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Synergistic effect between CB and M-BNT on the mechanical properties of NR composites with ternary filler composition 10/5/0 was observed. Reinforcement of NR matrix using this ternary filler enhanced its tensile properties: strength (69.43%), modulus (47.01%), stress at 100% strain (34.67%), stress at 200% strain (41.88%), and stress at 300% strain (50.82%), as well as its compressive properties: strength (40.89%), modulus (40.05%), stress at 20% strain (41.10%), stress at 40% strain (37.57%), and stress at 60% strain (40.79%). Significant improvement in the mechanical properties was also attributed to the surface modification of M-BNT resulting to better dispersion to NR matrix. The addition of pure BNT filler resulted to lowest tensile and compressive performance due to high clay loading and incompatibility with NR matrix. Trends of the generated contour plots based on reduced hierarchical models demonstrated synergy between CB and M-BNT as well as deterioration of mechanical properties upon addition of pure BNT filler 0/0/15.

scholarly journals Synergistic effect by high specific surface area carbon black as secondary filler in silica reinforced natural rubber tire tread compounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 106173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suppachai Sattayanurak ◽  
Kannika Sahakaro ◽  
Wisut Kaewsakul ◽  
Wilma K. Dierkes ◽  
Louis A.E.M. Reuvekamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Rubber Tire

Prediction of pyrolysis kinetic parameters from biomass constituents based on simplex-lattice mixture design

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panusit Sungsuk ◽  
Sasiporn Chayaporn ◽  
Sasithorn Sunphorka ◽  
Prapan Kuchonthara ◽  
Pornpote Piumsomboon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Mixture Design ◽  
Simplex Lattice ◽  
Simplex Lattice Mixture Design ◽  
Pyrolysis Kinetic
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document