Development of the Self-Lubricating Steels by Compression of Granulated Powders

2017 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.B. Demetrio ◽  
Tatiana Bendo ◽  
C. Binder ◽  
G. Hammes ◽  
P.F. Orsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Powder Injection ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties ◽  
Second Phase Particles ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Type Mixer

Self-lubrication composites containing second phase particles incorporated into the volume of the material appears to be a promising solution for controlling friction and wear in modern systems. The objective of this work was the development of steels with low friction coefficient using granulated powders through a precursor (SiC), which generate carbon nodules in a ferrous matrix. The studied alloy composition was Fe+0,6C+3SiC using 2 wt.% of EVA as binder. In this study, the influence of the average size of the iron particles and silicon carbide (SiC) in the microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties was evaluated. The powders were first mixed in a "Y" type mixer, granulated drum, compressed and sintered in plasma in a single thermal cycle assuring binder extraction and sintering of components. The achieved results were close to those of alloys of the same composition produced via powder injection molding (PIM) but with processing time and cost close to those of conventional powder metallurgy (PM). Materials with yield strength of 250 MPa, durability of 2800 Nm and 0.11 friction coefficient were obtained.

The Effect of Sliding Speed on Friction and Wear of RBD Palm Olein

2013 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 951-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samion Syahrullail ◽  
Jazair Yahya Wira ◽  
W.B. Wan Nik ◽  
Chiong Ing Tiong
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Sliding Speed ◽  
Rbd Palm Olein

In this paper, the effect of sliding speed on the anti-friction of RBD palm olein was investigated using four-ball tribotester. The speeds were varied from 800 to 1400 rpm. The normal load was set to 40 kg and the test oil was heated up to 75 °C before the experiments. The result showed that palm olein has low friction coefficient compared to additive-free paraffinic mineral oil.

What Causes Low Friction? — What Causes High Friction?

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Elaine Zhu ◽  
Steve Granick
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Frictional Force ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Strategic Design ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
The Many

The design of tribological interfaces is often motivated by a quest to minimize friction and wear. Among the many strategic design principles that have been developed to this end, the simple idea of decoupling frictional force from normal load is especially attractive. Recent work from this laboratory demonstrates that under certain conditions, it is possible to reduce this coupling significantly with the result that the friction coefficient appears to be very low. However, the materials design requirements to achieve this end are rather stringent. Furthermore, modern methods enable one under some conditions to measure directly the structure and motions of lubricants during tribological sliding.

The Effects of PTFE Content on Microstructures and Properties of Composite Brushing Plating Coating

2014 ◽  
Vol 936 ◽  
pp. 1025-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Xiu Fang Cui ◽  
Guo Jin ◽  
Hai Peng Li ◽  
Wei Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Solid Material ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Binding Characteristics ◽  
Structure Morphology ◽  
Lubricating Property ◽  
Coefficient Stability

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is known as a solid material with high lubricating property and low friction coefficient. The application of PTFE is significant to improve the tribological properties of coating. In this paper, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Microhardness test and friction and wear experiment are adopted to study the effects of PTFE content on the structure, morphology and properties of coating. The results show that the addition of PTFE particles can reduce spherical particle size and increase the hardness and friction properties of coating when typical cauliflower shaped druse and excellent interface binding characteristics are maintained. If the content of PTFE is too much, some area of coating is prone to powder hoarding which may lead to the decrease of coating density, hardness, and friction coefficient stability.

scholarly journals Preparation and the Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Laser Cladding Coating

2021 ◽  
Vol 2083 (2) ◽  
pp. 022067
Author(s):  
Xin Zhou ◽  
Yanjun Wang ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Xingju Guo
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Laser Cladding ◽  
Laser Power ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Alloy Coating ◽  
Coated Sample ◽  
Dilution Ratio ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties ◽  
Hardness Tester

Abstract laser cladding of snsbcu based alloy coating on GCr15 steel substrate was carried out by using lam-400s powder feeding metal printer. The hardness, friction coefficient and microstructure of the coating were tested by Vickers hardness tester, friction and wear tester, metallographic microscope and scanning electron microscope. The effects of laser cladding parameters on the dilution ratio, hardness and friction coefficient of the sample were studied; With the increase of laser power, the hardness of the coating is improved, and the hardness distribution is more uniform; The friction coefficient of the coated sample decreases greatly compared with that of the substrate.

Tribological Properties Between a-C:H Coatings and SiO2 at High Temperature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noritsugu Umehara ◽  
Kota Konishi ◽  
Motoyuki Murashima ◽  
Takayuki Tokoroyama
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Wear Track ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Friction Test ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Disk Friction

Abstract Tribological properties of a-C:H coatings has been investigated in various friction conditions. It is clear that temperature and mating materials give effects on tribological properties. In this study, we especially focus on the effect of mating material on its tribological properties of a-C:H coatings. Ball-on-disk friction test is conducted between a-C:H coating and 5 kinds of mating material, which is SiC, SiC(O)_800 (SiC oxidized at 800°C), SiC(O)_1050°C, SiC(O)_1300°C, and Quartz glass. It is found that a-C:H coatings shows low friction coefficient and low specific wear rate when O/Si ratio of the element content of mating material is 2, in other words, mating material is SiO2. In the wear scar of a-C:H coating after friction test with SiC, severe damage was confirmed. It is considered that a-C:H coating and SiO2 show low adhesion even at high temperature, which leads low friction and wear. Compared SiC(O) with Quartz, the friction coefficients with a-C:H coatings are respectively 0.013 and 0.038. Even though SiC(O) and Quartz are both SiO2, the tribological properties are different. On the wear track of SiC(O), transferred things from a-C:H coating are confirmed.

Friction and wear of argon-implanted silicon crystals

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lekki ◽  
Z. Stachura ◽  
N. Preikschas ◽  
B. Cleff ◽  
M. Cholewa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Silicon Crystals ◽  
Xrd Techniques ◽  
Pin On Disk

Silicon 〈111〉 single crystals were implanted with 70 keV Ar ions to the dose of 1017 ions/cm2. Next, the friction coefficient between a Si crystal and a hard steel ball was measured using a pin-on-disk setup in air and in vacuum. The wear tracks were measured using a surface profilometer. For measurements performed in vacuum, a strong influence of implantation on friction force and wear tracks was found. The microstructure of the samples was subsequently investigated using RBS, ERD, and x-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Micro-RBS measurements showed that Ar had been removed from the wear tracks, despite their continued exhibition of low friction.

Precipitation Behavior of the Second Phase Particles in Grain Oriented Silicon Steel Slabs under Different Reheating Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 906 ◽  
pp. 268-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Hong Chen ◽  
Chen Yi Zhu ◽  
Li Deng ◽  
Guang Qiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Silicon Steel ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Precipitation Behavior ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Second Phase Particles ◽  
Steel Slabs ◽  
The Common ◽  
Average Size

The grain oriented silicon steel slabs were reheated at 1323K~1623K with different soaking time in this study. The precipitation behavior of the second phase particles in the steel slabs was investigated by using SEM/EDS combined with other analytic tools. The results show that the main precipitations in samples are MnS and AlN bearing a little of CuxS, and they frequently aggregate with each other by two or three types of precipitations. The quantities of the above three types of precipitations are up to 90% in each sample. These complex precipitations change into AlN bearing a little of CuxS or single AlN after being reheated. The shapes of MnS or AlN havent the common spherical or quadrilateral characteristic outline. There are a few of spherical or irregular shape inclusions such as SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, CaO, CaS and their complex in the samples. Part of MnS or AlN can also grow around with these particles and then dissolves after being reheated. The sizes of the particles are main in the range of 0.05~0.2μm. There are no inclusions larger than 5.0μm in size observed in the fields of view. The volume density of the precipitations 0.05~0.2μm in size extracted from the quenched samples at 1523K using non aqueous solution electroextraction are 4.04×104/mm3, 4.73×104/mm3, 3.70×104/mm3, 3.33×104/mm3, 3.10×104/mm3and 1.56×104/mm3as the corresponding reheating time is 10min, 30min, 60min, 90min, 120min and 240min at 1523K respectively. The average size of them is 0.108μm. It is more precise to statistics the volume density of the particles in the steel by electrolysis extracting method than that of using metallogrphical analysis. No obvious microstructure variation was observed in the quenched samples after annealing different time. When the reheating temperature reaches 1523K and 1623 K, the grain size grows more easily and the grain boundary gets smoothly. The grain boundary of the samples becomes clear with the increase of the annealing temperature during the same annealing time. The reheating temperature in the present slab is chosen at 1523K and the reheating time is kept for 120 min, which will insure the particles in the slab to dissolve more completely and avoid grain growth abnormally at high temperature.

Mechanical and bio-lubricated friction performance of PA6G for gear applications

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (59-60) ◽  
pp. 3055-3064
Author(s):  
María T. Hernández-Sierra ◽  
Juan E. Marta ◽  
Luis D. Aguilera-Camacho ◽  
J.S. García-Miranda ◽  
José E. Báez-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties ◽  
Hardness Tests ◽  
Friction Performance ◽  
Canola Oils ◽  
Pin On Disk ◽  
Chemical Groups ◽  
Potential Use

AbstractThe PA6G blue is a polymeric material for great versatility of engineering applications that required good mechanical and tribological properties such as gears. The focus of this study was to investigate the mechanical properties as well as the friction and wear resistance of a commercial PA6G blue under biodegradable external lubrication, to evaluate its potential use for gear applications. Firstly, the PA6G blue was characterized by FTIR analysis in order to identify the characteristic chemical groups of this polymer. The mechanical characterization was performed by tension and hardness tests according to the standards ASTM D638 and ASTM E10, respectively. Subsequently, friction tests were carried out on a tribometer with pin-on-disk configuration based on the ASTM G99 standard, in dry and lubricated conditions. Natural castor and canola oils were employed as bio-lubricants, as well as their mixture at 50% by volume. The results exhibited that the PA6G blue exhibit good mechanical performance as that required by gear fabrications. Besides, the friction performance showed a low friction coefficient of 0.11 in the dry condition that decreased about 50% in lubricated tests, obtaining a friction coefficient value of 0.054.

Friction and Wear Behavior Evaluation of DLC Films Grown in Multilayer of Carbon and Silicon

2014 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 392-397
Author(s):  
Patrícia Cristiane Santana da Silva ◽  
Gislene Valdete Martins ◽  
Evaldo José Corat ◽  
Vladimir Jesus Trava-Airoldi
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Dlc Coatings ◽  
Hard Materials ◽  
Dc Discharge ◽  
Pulsed Dc ◽  
Pulsed Dc Discharge

Excellent tribological properties of hard materials surface are desirable in several sectors of industry. Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings are well known for their low friction, excellent wear resistance, and high hardness. In this work, DLC films were deposited on AISI M2 steel using a modified PECVD pulsed-DC discharge. Multilayer of carbon and silicon were grown, alternately. Samples were produced with different layer thickness for carbon and silicon, and the same parameters for each material layer, in order to investigate friction coefficient in each layer, evaluate rate deposition variation and the gradient behavior of different layers. Raman spectroscopy was used to verify the structural arrangement of carbon atoms. The films were also characterized by scanning electron microscopy and EDX. Tribological tests were performed to observe adhesion between layers and substrate, friction, and wear. The results showed the variation of friction coefficient and that deposition rate declines when increasing number of layers.

Microstructural Studies of Al 5083 Alloy Deformed through Cryorolling

2012 ◽  
Vol 585 ◽  
pp. 376-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharmendra Singh ◽  
Palukuri Nageswararao ◽  
R. Jayaganthan
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen Temperature ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ultrafine Grained ◽  
Second Phase Particles ◽  
Al 5083 Alloy ◽  
Short Annealing ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Ultrafine Grained Microstructure

In the present work to investigate the effect of rolling at very low temperature on microstructure of Al 5083 alloy, it was subjected to rolling at room temperature and immediate quenching at liquid nitrogen temperature up to different strain levels. The microstructure of deformed material has been studied using Electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. A homogeneous ultrafine grained microstructure of an average size of 300 nm with well defined grain boundaries could be achieved with an effective rolling strain of only 2.3 followed by short annealing at 300 °C for 6 min. The effect of second phase particles on grain refinement at different stains is discussed. It was observed that increased dislocation density due to effective suppression of dynamic recovery by immediate quenching in liquid nitrogen temperature after each successive rolling passes leads to increased stored energy which further leads to formation of homogeneous ultrafine grained microstructure after short annealing subsequently.

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