The Measurement of Residual Stresses in the Surface Layers of the Materials after Machining

2018 ◽  
Vol 919 ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Králik ◽  
Vladimír Jerz
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
New Method ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Industrial Practice ◽  
Factors Affecting

This paper deals with the problem of stresses in the surface layer of materials after machining. It analyzes residual stresses as one of the factors affecting the state of the surface layer after machining. It describes the methods for measuring residual stresses and evaluates them from the point of view of suitability for industrial practice. A new method of measuring residual stresses in the surface layer of a workpiece for laboratory use has been proposed and experimentally tested. At the end of the article the options for further solutions in this area are proposed.

Effect of diamond burnishing parameters on the state of the processed surface layer of billets made of high-strength "30ХГСН2А-ВД" steel

2020 ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
A.N. Shvetsov ◽  
D.L. Skuratov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Strain Hardening ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Synthetic Diamond ◽  
High Strength ◽  
The State ◽  
Diamond Burnishing

The influence of the burnishing force, tool radius, processing speed and feed on the distribution of circumferential and axial residual strses, microhardness and the depth of strain hardening in the surface layer when pr ssing of "30ХГСН2А-ВД" steel with synthetic diamond "ACB-1" is considered. Empirical dependencies determining these parameters are given. Keywords diamond burnishing, strain hardening depth, circumferential residual stresses, axial residual stresses, microhardness. [email protected], [email protected]

Study on Traffic Congestion State Modeling of Urban Road

2010 ◽  
Vol 143-144 ◽  
pp. 419-423
Author(s):  
Min Wang ◽  
Liang Jie Xu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
New Method ◽  
Railway Station ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic State ◽  
Intersection Analysis ◽  
On The Road

In this paper, from the medi-scope point of view, the intersection parameter is classified as the section parameter, and then the new intersection traffic state coefficient is defined. Based on the reachable matrix, a new method-hierarchical intersection analysis is used to divide the intersections into different crowded levels. Next, crossroad accessibility matrix is developed to distinguish the section connectivity and get the state results of the whole network. Last, we use this method to identify congestion state of the traffic on the road around Wuchang railway station, and the outcome shows the simulation result and the practical state are consistent.

TECHNOLOGY OF COMBINED ELECTROMECHANOULTRASONIC TREATMENT OF SURFACE LAYERS OF MACHINE PARTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
V.R. EDIGAROV
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Ultrasonic Treatment ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Surface Plastic Deformation ◽  
Surface Plastic ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Machine Parts ◽  
Acoustic Treatment

The technology of combined electro–mechanical–acoustic treatment is presented, which is a combination of electro–mechanical treatment and surface plastic deformation by ultrasonic treatment. Microhardness and residual stresses in strengthened EMUzO surface layer of machine parts investigated.

The Use of Trimethylaluminum for Producing Surface Layers by the PACVD Method

2005 ◽  
Vol 475-479 ◽  
pp. 3887-3890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Robert Sobiecki ◽  
R. Sitek ◽  
Tadeusz Wierzchoń
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Nickel Alloys ◽  
Argon Plasma ◽  
Outer Zone ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Intermetallic Phases ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Aluminum Oxynitride ◽  
High Heat Resistance ◽  
Surface Layers

The paper presents the use of trimethylaluminum in PACVD method to obtain the surface layers like alumina or aluminum nitride on Inconel nickel alloy. The glow discharge nitriding at a temperature of 750°C leads to the formation of aluminum oxynitride in the layer, whereas annealing in argon plasma at a temperature of 1050°C – to the formation of nickel and aluminum based intermetallic phases of the NiAl or Ni3Al type with aluminum oxide present within the outer zone of the coating. The presence of the surface layer of the Al2O3+NiAl+Ni3Al type formed on nickel alloys may be significant from the point of view of the applications that require a high heat resistance.

scholarly journals Optimization of spline hole broach processes and grinding of cylindrical surfaces in hardened cog-wheels

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Виктор Клепиков ◽  
Viktor Klyepikov ◽  
Александр Черепахин ◽  
Alyeksandr CHyeryepakhin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Technological Parameter ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Technological Basis ◽  
Gear Cutting ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Stability And Accuracy ◽  
Cutting Modes

One of the factors affecting considerably gear cutting accuracy consists in technological basis quality. The largest influence upon treatment accuracy of a reference hole have broach wear and errors in hole grinding. In the paper there are shown the investigation results of technological parameter effect upon broach stability and accuracy in broach treatment and grinding of a reference splined hole. The developed model of a process and a tool test allowed defining optimum parameters from the point of view of the treatment accuracy, surface layer parameters and life of a tool and cutting modes. It was considered simultaneously the hardening impact upon a reference hole surface layer.

Lattice Strain Measurements on Deformed FCC Metals

1965 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 103-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eckard Macherauch
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Lattice Strain ◽  
Stress Component ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Residual Surface Stress ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Compressive Stresses ◽  
Residual Macrostresses ◽  
Component Parallel

AbstractIn this work experiments have been undertaken to determine the type of residual stresses of plastically deformed polycrystals of aluminum, copper, and nickel which cause a shift of the X-ray interference lines. In order to get accurate stress values, the lattice strain distribution has been measured in special planes of the deformed specimens, using the sin2 ψ technique. The surface stresses were determined as a function of the macroscopic plastic strain of cylindrical specimens. With increasing strain, the residual surface stress component parallel to the direction of deformation increases. The stresses observed are compressive ones after tension and tensile ones after compression.The changes in the residual lattice strain distributions which arise on progressive thinning of the plastically deformed specimens have been measured. From the stress values determined in each new surface layer, the stress distribution originally present in the uodestroyed specimen was calculated. Tensile stresses in the interior of the specimens are in equilibrium with compressive stresses in the surface areas. The formation of residual stresses on specimens with a work-hardened surface layer is found to be quite different from that of well-annealed samples.The results of this work seem to show that in uniaxially deformed cylindrical specimens, residual macrostresses arise which may be a consequence of a macroscopic inhomogeneity of work-hardening between the surface layers and the interior of the polycrystals.

Determining the Quality of the Surface Layer of Low-Stiff Cylindrical Products after Straightening with Transverse Burnishing with Smooth Plates

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
S.A. Zaides ◽  
Quang Le Hong
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Surface Plastic Deformation ◽  
Surface Plastic ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Compressive Stresses ◽  
Cylindrical Parts ◽  
Compressive Residual Stresses

To restore the shape of low-stiff cylindrical parts such as shafts and axles, straightening by transverse bending with the subsequent processing of workpieces by the method of surface plastic deformation based on the transverse burnishing with smooth plates is proposed. The experimental and calculated results are presented to determine the effect of absolute compression on the main characteristics of the quality of the surface layer of parts such as surface roughness and residual stresses. The analysis of experimental data for the evaluation of the parts after straightening by transverse burnishing showed the following positive changes: a sharp decrease in the initial roughness, the formation of equilibrium residual compressive stresses in the surface layers and ensuring stabilization of the accuracy of the processed part in size and shape. Depending on the magnitude of the absolute reduction, the surface quality increases by 2–3 classes, and rather large compressive residual stresses are formed (up to 375 MPa). The results of the work justify recommending the proposed method of straightening by transverse burnishing with smooth plates for implementation into the technology of machine part restoration.

scholarly journals Financial and Legal Regulation of the Security of Economic Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-142
Author(s):  
O. P. Getmanets
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Financial Control ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Financial Activity ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Stability

The author of the article studies financial relations between the state and business entities, whose legal regulation has a significant impact on the security of economic activity as an important component of national security. The author analyzes internal and external factors affecting the finances that are at the disposal of business entities, the state of which depends on the security of economic activity. The components of financial security of business entities are studied from the point of view of organization of finances and management of the movement of financial resources, ensured by the financial and legal regulation by the state. The directions of financial and legal regulation of the security of economic activity are analyzed as an important condition for ensuring the stability, sustainability and efficiency of the movement of finances at the level of business entities. It has been established that the legal provision of financial security of business entities is based on regulatory basis that defines the principles, methods, functions and powers of public authorities’ activity and activity of local self-government agencies in all components of the financial system, namely in budgetary, tax, currency, banking, investment, etc., in particular in the area of financial control, which facilitates the establishment of the legitimacy of financial activities and the rational use of finances. It has been determined that there is no regulatory support for financial security at all levels of the economy, including the activity of business entities, as a coherent state policy. The author proves the expediency of developing and implementing a law defining the types of threats to the stability of financial activity and the principles of counteraction, the powers of the state authorities to counteract, prevent and eliminate the threats in the financial sphere, the components of the mechanism of protection of financial interests of business entities. It has been established that financial control is the component of financial activity of business entities, and therefore the Law of Ukraine “On the Basic Principles of Exercising State Financial Control in Ukraine” needs to be improved regarding the methods and types of financial control, powers of controlling entities in order to ensure the security of economic activity.

scholarly journals Differences of the effect of thermal treatment in an oxygen-containing gas medium on properties of the surface layer Ti, Zr, Hf

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Vasyl Trush ◽  
◽  
Viktor Fedirko ◽  
Aleksander Luk’yanenko ◽  
Petro Stoev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Sheet Material ◽  
The State ◽  
Diffuse Layer ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Titanium Zirconium ◽  
Gas Medium

The paper presents the characteristics of the surface layer of d-elements of the IV group (titanium, zirconium and hafnium) after thermal diffusion saturation from a controlled oxygen-containing gas medium. Saturation was carried out at T = 750 °C for  = 5 hours at different pressures (P = 1.33∙10–1 Pa, P = 1.33∙10–2 Pa, P = 1.33∙10–3 Pa). Experimentally revealed differences in the characteristics of the surface layer of titanium, zirconium and hafnium. It was shown that a hardened diffuse layer is formed with a higher hardness relative to the metal core in the reverse order of their affinity for oxygen. On titanium, zirconium and hafnium, only a diffuse layer is formed without a phase film. The appearance of the surface of the samples before and after processing is given. According to the results of the study, chemical-thermal treatment in an oxygen-containing gas medium leads to changes in the surface layer of sheet material from titanium, zirconium and hafnium. The state of the surface layers directly affects the characteristics of finished products, in particular, fatigue life. Therefore, this treatment is a good tool for controlling the state of the surface layers of the aforementioned metals, and then their properties.

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