ADVERSE EFFECT OF FENOXYCARB ON REPRODUCTION BY THE CALIFORNIA FIVESPINED IPS, IPS PARACONFUSUS LANIER (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (12) ◽  
pp. 1059-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.-M. Chen ◽  
J.H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Topical Treatment ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
Ethyl Carbamate ◽  
Ips Paraconfusus ◽  
Hormone Activity ◽  
Juvenile Hormone Activity

AbstractThe effects of fenoxycarb, ethyl[2-(p-phenoxyphenoxy)-ethyl]carbamate, an insect growth regulator with juvenile hormone activity, on reproduction in Ips paraconfusus Lanier were investigated. Topical treatment of either females or both sexes of parent beetles with 50 μg of fenoxycarb per insect resulted in a significant reduction in hatching of eggs and numbers of progeny produced by beetles allowed to infest logs of ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Laws. When pairs of beetles were allowed to attack logs that were surface-treated with fenoxycarb, the effects on reproduction at a dose of 100 μg/cm2 of bark surface were comparable to those of a topical treatment at a dose of 50 μg per insect. However, at doses of 1000 or 10 000 μg/cm2 the adverse effects included reductions in the length of egg galleries, fecundity (number of egg niches), and number of freshly laid eggs. Percentage reductions in progeny were 35.8, 82.5, and 95.7 for doses of 100, 1000, and 10 000 μg/cm2, respectively, if brood beetles were allowed to emerge from the logs. This study indicates that fenoxycarb acts as an effective chemosterilant on I. paraconfusus.

FEEDING AND BORING BEHAVIOR OF THE BARK BEETLE IPS PARACONFUSUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) ON THE BARK OF A HOST AND NON-HOST TREE SPECIES

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (8) ◽  
pp. 797-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Elkinton ◽  
D. L. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Ips Paraconfusus ◽  
Outer Bark ◽  
White Fir ◽  
Host Tree Species ◽  
Petri Dishes

AbstractMale Ips paraconfusus selected a host, ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), over a non-host, white fir (Abies concolor), only after the beetles had bored through the outer bark and into the phloem. Males, when given a choice between bark discs of these tree species in petri dishes, bored readily through the outer bark of either species. However, the beetles penetrated no more than 1 mm into the phloem of white fir, but they bored extensively in the phloem of ponderosa pine. The beetle’s preference for the pine over fir phloem was apparent with intact samples of phloem with the outer bark removed and with ground phloem. No preferences were apparent for the ground or intact pine or fir outer bark, with the phloem removed. The beetles bored preferentially in fissured as opposed to smooth outer bark of either tree. Beetles did not feed in the outer bark but did feed in the phloem of either species. In field experiments beetles attracted to logs of pine and fir bored through the outer bark of each species in nearly equal numbers. In white fir they re-emerged and departed soon after penetration of the phloem, whereas in ponderosa pine they continued excavation of tunnels in the phloem. In contrast, few beetles penetrated even the outer back of incense cedar (Calocedrus decurrens), another non-host species.

scholarly journals Effect of cock’s comb extract in the treatment of palmar arsenical keratosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Fatema Chowdhury Anny ◽  
Mir Misbahuddin
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Topical Treatment ◽  
Phone Call ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of cock’s comb extract in the treatment of moderate palmar arsenical keratosis (n = 35). All the patients were provided cock’s comb extract ointment to apply topically twice daily for 12 weeks. Adherence to the ointment and adverse effects were monitored regularly through the phone call and during the visit of each patient. Photographs of both palms were collected before and after treatment. Clinical improvement was assessed by measuring the arsenical keratotic nodular size of the both palms before starting the treatment and after completion of the treatment. The mean (± SD) sizes of the nodules before the study was 33.6 ± 16.8, which reduced to 5.4 ± 5.2 after completion of the study. This change (84% reduction) was statistically significant. None of the patients reported to any adverse effect during this study period. In conclusion, cock’s comb extract can be used effectively as a topical treatment of the palmar arsenical keratosis.  

Syntheses of the two optical isomers of the insect anti-juvenile hormone agent ethyl p-[2-(t-Butylcarbonyloxy)butoxy]benzoate (ETB) and their biological activities

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
DHS Horn ◽  
RH Nearn ◽  
JB Siddall ◽  
GB Staal ◽  
DC Cerf
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Manduca Sexta ◽  
Topical Treatment ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Racemic Mixture ◽  
Optical Isomers ◽  
Hormone Activity ◽  
Juvenile Hormone Activity ◽  
Dose Levels

The optical isomers (9) and (13) of the insect anti-juvenile hormone, (�)-ethyl p-[2-(t-butylcarbonyloxy)butoxy]benzoate (ETB) (14), have been synthesized and their biological activities examined in the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta. It was found that the observed anti-juvenile hormone activity at low dose levels and juvenile hormone activity at higher levels in the Manduca sexta, after topical treatment with the racemic mixture (14) is due entirely to the (–)-enantiomer (9), the (+)-enantiomer (13) being completely inactive.

HYMENOPTEROUS PARASITES OF IPS PARACONFUSUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) LARVAE AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO MORTALITY: I. INFLUENCE OF HOST TREE AND TREE DIAMETER ON PARASITIZATION

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (11) ◽  
pp. 1453-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Ball ◽  
D. L. Dahlsten
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Ips Paraconfusus ◽  
Bark Thickness ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Sugar Pine ◽  
Parasite Complex

AbstractThe larval parasite complex of Ips paraconfusus Lanier is found to differ in Pinus ponderosa and Pinus lambertiana within the same local area. Ips paraconfusus was attacked by fewer species of parasites in ponderosa pine and the rate of parasitization was generally less in that tree species. Greater parasitization in sugar pine was not entirely accounted for by the additional parasite species, but also reflected greater efficacy by those species common to both trees. Evidence indicates that greater bark thickness in ponderosa pine at comparable diameters may have been responsible for the higher parasitization by the shared parasite species.A significant negative regression of parasitization with diameter was found in sugar pine, but not in ponderosa pine. Most, if not all, of this regression is attributed to a single species, Rhopalicus pulchripennis, whose searching appears to be confined to the smooth, softer bark of the crown.

EFFECTS OF AN INSECT GROWTH REGULATOR WITH HIGH JUVENILE HORMONE ACTIVITY ON THE APTEROUS FORM OF THE POTATO APHID, MACROSIPHUM EUPHORBIAE (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE)

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Benskin ◽  
J. M. Perron
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Hormone Activity ◽  
Insect Growth ◽  
Juvenile Hormone Activity

AbstractA study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a novel insect growth regulator (IGR) with juvenile hormone activity. Tests show the third instar to be the stage most sensitive to the regulator based on reduction of fecundity throughout inhibition of normal adult development. Effective control in most stages was for the first time brought about within the realm of economic feasibility. The IGR could be of value in future control of aphid populations.

SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT OF IPS PARACONFUSUS LANIER (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) REARED AXENICALLY AND WITH TREE-PATHOGENIC FUNGI VECTORED BY COHABITING DENDROCTONUS SPECIES

1992 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 1157-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Fox ◽  
D.L. Wood ◽  
R.P. Akers ◽  
J.R. Parmeter
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Ips Paraconfusus ◽  
Dendroctonus Brevicomis ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
New Association ◽  
Leptographium Terebrantis

AbstractSurvival and development of Ips paraconfusus Lanier larvae reared individually in intact Pinus ponderosa Laws. phloem without associated fungi and dietary supplements was demonstrated. Survival was reduced.in intact ponderosa pine phloem previously occupied by other larvae or by bluestaining fungi [i.e. Ophiostoma ips (Rumb.) vectored by I. paraconfusus, O. minus (Hedge.) H. & P. Syd. vectored by Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte, O. clavigerum (Robins.-Jeff. & Davids.) vectored by D. ponderosae Hopkins, and Leptographium terebrantis Barras & Perry vectored by D. valens LeConte] compared with those reared without fungi or symbiotic yeasts. The highest proportion of larvae initiating tunnels and surviving to adult was observed for untreated eggs, and the lowest proportion occurred in the L. terebrantis treatment. Size was reduced and developmental rate was slower for larvae reared without fungi compared with larvae reared with associated fungi.Tunnels excavated by first- and second-instar larvae reared without associated fungi were longer than those excavated by larvae reared with associated fungi. The most frequent larval turnabouts occurred with larvae reared axenically and reared with Ips yeast and O. ips. The fewest occurred with larvae reared with Ips egg niche plugs and from untreated eggs. Females reared free of any fungi or with Penicillium or Aspergillus did not oviposit in surface-sterilized ponderosa pine logs. Naturally eclosed females from ponderosa pine logs in which they developed, laid eggs in these sterilized logs. Potential for a new association among bark beetles and fungi is discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Physical Barriers to Protect Ponderosa Pine Seedlings from Pocket Gophers

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Pipas ◽  
Gary W. Witmer
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Pocket Gophers ◽  
Thomomys Talpoides ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings ◽  
Medium Weight ◽  
Better Than

Abstract A 2 yr study on the Rogue River and Mt. Hood National Forests in Oregon evaluated physical barriers for protection of Pinus ponderosa seedlings against damage by Thomomys talpoides. Seedlings protected with one of three weights of: (1) plastic mesh tubing (Vexar®) or (2) sandpapertubing (Durite®) were evaluated against control seedlings. On the Rogue River sites, Vexar® seedlings had the highest survival (62.6%), followed by the controls (59.1%), then Durite® seedlings (17.9%). Gophers were the primary cause of death for the Vexar® seedlings, versus desiccation for the Durite® seedlings. On the Mt. Hood sites, heavyweight Vexar® seedlings had the highest survival (35.4%), medium-weight Durite® seedlings the lowest (2.7%). Seedling mortality caused by gophers was highest for controls (70.2%), followed by light-weight (62.2%) and heavy-weight (53.9%) Vexar® treatments. Overall survival was low (Rogue River = 42%, Mt. Hood = 19.8%). Growth was greatest for the control seedlings but only significantly greater than growth of Durite® seedlings on the Rogue River sites. Growth of seedlings was not compromised by the Vexar® tubing. Although neither type of tubing was highly protective, Vexar® tubes performed better than Durite® tubes. West. J. Appl. For. 14(3):164-168.

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