Determination of Electric and Magnetic Properties of Commercial LTCC Soft Ferrite Material

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelu Blaž ◽  
Andrea Marić ◽  
Goran Radosavljević ◽  
Nebojša Mitrović ◽  
Ibrahim Atassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Hysteresis Loops ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Dispersion Parameters ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Component Design ◽  
Microwave Engineering ◽  
Characterization Procedure

This paper offers an effective, accurate, and simple method for permittivity and permeability determination of an LTCC (low temperature cofired ceramic) ferrite sample. The presented research can be of importance in the fields of ferrite component design and application, as well as for RF and microwave engineering. The characterization sample is a stack of LTCC tapes forming a toroid. Commercially available ferrite tape ESL 40012 was used and standard LTCC processing was applied for the sample fabrication. For the first time, the electrical properties of a ferrite toroid sample of ESL 40012 LTCC ferrite tape is presented at various frequencies. The electrical properties of LTCC ferrite materials, permittivity and specific resistivity, are shown in a frequency range from 10 kHz to 1 MHz using the capacitive method. The hysteresis properties of this material are also determined. B-H hysteresis loops were measured applying a maximum excitation of 2 kA/m and frequencies of 50 Hz, 500 Hz, and 1000 Hz. Permeability is determined in the frequency range from 10 kHz to 1 GHz and a characterization procedure is divided in two segments, for low and high frequencies. Low frequency measurements (from 10 kHz to 1 MHz) are performed using LCZ meter and discrete turns of wire, while a short coaxial sample holder and vector network analyzer were used for the higher frequency range (from 300 kHz to 1 GHz). In addition, another important factor required for the practical design of devices is presented, the temperature variation of the permeability dispersion parameters.

Wide Frequency Characterization of Magnetic Properties of Commercial LTCC Ferrite Material

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (CICMT) ◽  
pp. 000224-000231
Author(s):  
Nelu Blaž ◽  
Andrea Marić ◽  
Goran Radosavljević ◽  
Nebojša Mitrović ◽  
Ibrahim Atassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Hysteresis Loops ◽  
Wide Frequency Range ◽  
Complex Permeability ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Dispersion Parameters ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Microwave Engineering ◽  
Characterization Procedure

Complex magnetic permeability and hysteresis characteristic are key parameters that determine properties of ferrite components. This paper offers effective, accurate and simple method for complex permeability determination of LTCC (Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic) ferrite sample at wide frequency range (up to 1 GHz). Presented research can be found to be of importance in fields of ferrite components design and application, as well as RF and microwave engineering. The characterization sample is a stack of LTCC tapes forming a toroidal shape structure. Commercially available ferrite tape ESL 40012 was used and standard LTCC processing applied for the sample fabrication. Permeability is determined in the frequency range from 10 kHz to 1 GHz and characterization procedure is divided in two segments - for low and high frequencies. Low frequency measurements (from 10 kHz to 1000 kHz) are performed using LCZ meter and discrete turns of wire, while a short coaxial sample holder and Vector Network Analyzer were used for the higher frequency range (from 1000 kHz to 1 GHz). Hysteresis properties of this material are also determined. B-H hysteresis loops were measured with BROCKHAUS Tester MPG 100D system using the maximum excitation of 2 kA/m and frequencies of 50 Hz, 500 Hz and 1000 Hz. In addition, we presented another important factor in the practical design, the temperature variation of the permeability dispersion parameters. Obtained results show good agreement with datasheet values given by the manufacturer at lower frequencies and are in good correlation with results extracted from developed dispersion model at higher frequencies.

Simple NMR Determination of 5α/5β Configuration of 3-Oxosteroids

2001 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 1529-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Chodounská ◽  
Miloš Buděšínský ◽  
Romana Šídová ◽  
Miroslav Šíša ◽  
Alexander Kasal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Steroid Skeleton ◽  
C Nmr

A simple method to distinguish the 5α- from the 5β-isomers of 3-oxosteroids based on low-frequency 1H NMR spectra was proposed. Additional 1H and 13C NMR characteristics were derived from the comparison of completely assigned spectra of the 5α- and 5β-isomers. The effect of substitution at different positions of steroid skeleton was evaluated on a series of isomeric 3-oxosteroids, prepared for this purpose.

Collision–induced absorption in gaseous methane at low temperatures

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 763-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Dagg ◽  
A. Anderson ◽  
S. Yan ◽  
W. Smith ◽  
C. G. Joslin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Frequency Region ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Induced Absorption ◽  
Good Agreement

A recently developed theory for collision-induced absorption in methane is compared with experimental results over a wider spectral range and at lower temperatures than previously reported. The present experimental results covering the frequency range below 400 cm−1 exhibit good agreement with other recently published data. The theory shows excellent agreement with experiment in the low-frequency region below approximately 200 cm−1 but underestimates the experimental data somewhat at higher frequencies. Possible theoretical reasons for this discrepancy are given. The theory represents a simple method of obtaining a good estimate of the collision-induced absorption spectra of methane in this frequency region and for extrapolating to lower temperatures for which experimentation is not feasible. In addition, the moments α1 and γ1are compared with earlier determinations and indicate good agreement with the previously obtained values for the octupole and hexadecapole moments of methane.

Determination of the Diffusion Coefficient from Impedance Data in the Low Frequency Range

1988 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Tribollet ◽  
John Newman ◽  
William H. Smyrl
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Impedance Data

Microstructure and Electrical Properties of Calcium Copper Titanate Ceramics

2007 ◽  
Vol 561-565 ◽  
pp. 551-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lai Jun Liu ◽  
Hui Qing Fan
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Dielectric Permittivity ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Wide Frequency Range ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Calcium Copper Titanate ◽  
Titanate Ceramics

The effect of stoichiometry, i.e. Ca/Cu ratios (CaCu3xTi4O12, x = 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2) on the microstructure and electrical properties was investigated. The grain sizes of CaCu3xTi4O12 composition increased sharply with the increase of copper, from ~1 μm with x = 0.8 to ~50 μm with x = 1.2. The real part of dielectric permittivity changed dramatically, the pellet with x = 1.0 had the highest dielectric permittivity ~160, 000 at 1 kHz. Furthermore, the dielectric permittivity of all pellets was impressively large values (between 10, 000 to 1, 000,000 at 100 Hz) and was nearly constant over a wide frequency range between 100 Hz to ~100 MHz. However, the dielectric permittivity of CaCu3xTi4O12 composition is not consistent with the amount of copper and cell parameters and grain sizes. Impedance spectroscopy exhibited that the CaCu3xTi4O12 composition had two semicircle at least at high frequency (~ 107 Hz) and low frequency (<100 Hz), respectively. The grain and grain boundary of the compositions had different impedance and relaxation behavior.

Procedure for determination of sound power levels of direct-radiator loudspeakers in the low-frequency range using the sound pressure within the system enclosure

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Sánchez Bote ◽  
Juan Sancho Gil ◽  
Francisco Aznar Ballesta ◽  
Lino Pedro García Morales
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sound Power ◽  
Frequency Range

Comparison of Magnetic Characteristics and Structural Properties of Commercially Available Ferritic LTCC Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (CICMT) ◽  
pp. 000359-000364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelu Blaž ◽  
Andrea Marić ◽  
Goran Radosavljević ◽  
Ibrahim Atassi ◽  
Walter Smetana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Properties ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Complex Permeability ◽  
Magnetic Characteristics ◽  
Network Analyzer ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Dispersion Parameters ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Shape Structure ◽  
Electronic Microscope

The complex permeability values are the key parameters that determine properties of ferrite components. These parameters are very dependent on material structural properties and composition. This paper presents comparison of magnetic and structural properties of commercially available LTCC materials ESL 40011 and ESL 40012. The characterization sample, for each material, is a stack of LTCC tapes forming a toroidal shape structure sintered at peak temperatures of 885 °C. For both samples, scanning with electronic microscope was performed in order to determine differences in grain size and porosity. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was used for the elemental analysis of the samples. Obtained EDS spectrum for each samples are compared and analyzed. Permeability, for both materials are determined in the frequency range from 10 kHz to 1 GHz. Measurement procedures are divided in two segments - for low and high frequencies. For low frequency measurements method (from 10 kHz to 1000 kHz) with discrete turns of wire is performed using LCZ meter. On higher frequency range (from 1000 kHz to 1 GHz) method with short coaxial sample holder and Vector Network Analyzer is used. Obtained characteristics for complex permeability are presented and analyzed. It was determine that ESL 40011 has lower value for complex permeability but higher frequency range than ESL 40012. LTCC material ESL 40011 have maximal value 263 for real part of complex permeability at 2.3 MHz and ESL 40012 have maximal value 678 for real part of complex permeability at 0.5 MHz. Additionally, dispersion parameters of analyzed feritic materials are determined and compared.

REVERSE RECOVERY OF POWER pn JUNCTION DIODES

1995 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 589-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIAN K. KAZIMIERCZUK
Keyword(s):  
Minority Carrier ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Minority Carrier Lifetime ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Large Signal ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Pn Junction ◽  
State Approximation ◽  
Signal Sinusoïdal

A quasi-steady state approximation is used to derive expressions for the waveforms of minority carrier charge stored in p+nn+ power junction diodes driven by large-signal sinusoidal and ramp voltages. These waveforms are derived by solving a diode charge-control differential equation. Using the charge waveforms, the storage time is determined and the diode current and voltage waveforms are predicted. It is shown that three frequency ranges can be distinguished: (1) low-frequency range in which the reverse recovery is negligible, (2) mid-frequency range in which the reverse recovery is detrimental, but the diode is still of practical value, and (3) high-frequency range where the diode does not exhibit its rectifying properties. A simple method for measuring the minority carrier lifetime is proposed. Experimental results are given for an MR826 fast-recovery pn junction diode and a 31DQ06 Schottky diode for operating frequencies of up to 10 MHz. The theoretical and experimental results were in good agreement.

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