Die invloed van die lojaliteite en onderliggende vertaalfilosofie van die vertaler op die vertaalkeuses, met verwysing na die Afr2020 Bybelvertaling

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roelie Van der Spuy
Keyword(s):  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Translation Method ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Great Work ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Bible Translation ◽  
Direct Translation ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Word Translation ◽  
Very High

The influence of the translator’s loyalties and underlying translation philosophy on the translation choices, with reference to the Afr2020 Bible translation. When the reader looks a little deeper than the initial superficial ‘Revised’ Old Translation impression that reading the Afrikaans 2020 translation gives you, then one realizes that a great deal of effort had to be put into leading such a large group of diverse translators to understand the essence of a direct translation and to be able to apply it consistently. But it is precisely here that problems can arise. Due to the nature of skopus and the style of the Afrikaans 2020 translation, this direct translation can be categorised on the side of the more literal translations and it thus has a very high percentage of agreement with the 1953 Old Afrikaans translation. If the direct translation is not just another name or a revision of the so-called word-for-word translation, then what is this direct translation? Van der Merwe referring to this translation also touches on this issue when he says: ‘a ‘direct’ translation of the Bible is not new jargon for a word-for-word translation of the Bible. It is an attempt to ‘interpretively resemble’ in good idiomatic Afrikaans all the communicative clues of the source text in the contexts construed for the source text audience’. This underlying fundamental premise brings a lot of tension to the fore. Van der Merwe also confirms this (2014:294) by stating: ‘attempts to translate ancient texts directly (is) an almost impossible ideal (to) pursue’.Contribution: This study evaluated the Afrikaans 2020 translation according to its own criteria, the translation brief and to its self-proclaimed nature as ‘direct’ translation in order to try to make an objective evaluation and assessment of this great work. This process also pointed out where the loyalties of the translators lie, and what the underlying translation philosophy is, and how difficult it is to make a distinction between the direct translation method and using archaic words and terms.

scholarly journals Bible Translation and Orality

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Lénart J. de Regt
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Bible Translation ◽  
Performance Criticism ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Biblical Texts

In the last decade or so, the United Bible Societies have paid increasing attention to orality, features of orality in biblical texts, and what impact these should have on Bible translation. Articles appeared in The Bible Translator, an Orality Working Group was convened in 2008, a Source Text and Orality Workshop for Europe-Middle East translation consultants took place in January 2011, and an Intersemiotic Translation workshop was held in March 2011. Some of these findings have led the author to reflect on performance criticism in this contribution.

scholarly journals Die 2020-direkte vertaling in Afrikaans: Waarom en hoe?

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert J.C. Jordaan
Keyword(s):  
Steering Committee ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Clear Distinction ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Dynamic Equivalence ◽  
Formal Equivalence ◽  
Direct Translation ◽  
Bible Translations ◽  
The Bible

The 2020 direct translation into Afrikaans: Why and how? The Bible Society of South Africa’s commission that the new 2020 translation of the Bible into Afrikaans should be soundly source-text orientated and at the same time easy to understand, set a difficult task to the translators. The 2020 translators would have to dig deep to make these two almost opposing goals meet. The ways by which the translators eventually put their commission into practice, was investigated in this article. The method of investigation was to inspect the decisions of the translators’ steering committee about how they planned to execute the commission they received from the Bible Society, and to test their decisions to its execution in practical examples from the 2020 translation itself. The investigation brought to light that the translators’ success in the execution of their task, to a large extent, resulted from the fact that they, from the outset, made a clear distinction between the linguistic characteristics and the textual characteristics of both the source and the reception language. This enabled them to make a directly reflecting type of translation without giving way to either formal equivalence or dynamic equivalence. The translators decided not to translate into modern terms typical historic-cultural matters such as measures and weights, currencies and military ranks. By retaining the Hebrew and Greek terms, they tried to conserve the local colour of the source text and to provide a historical credibility to the translation. Moreover, the language and linguistic register of the translation was brought into line with a pre-identified target audience thus contributing to the dignity of the translation text and, simultaneously, making sure that it would be easily understood.Contribution: The investigation led to the conclusion that the translators rather successfully dealt with the difficult task that the Bible Society had put before them. They made every effort to present their readers with a directly reflecting type of translation in a neat, stylistically meticulous and clear Afrikaans. Therefore, readers can receive this new contribution to the treasure of Afrikaans Bible translations with gratitude, and use it freely as a welcome addition to the already existing translations.

scholarly journals On the graphic adaptation of proper names in the first Romanian translation of the Septuagint (Ms. 45)

Diacronia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana-Maria Gînsac
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Formal System ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Bible Translation ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Main Tendency ◽  
Greek Source ◽  
First Time ◽  
Manuscript Copy

Among the difficulties that have always challenged the translators of the Bible one can mention the adaptation of proper names in each idiom. Certain biblical proper names were adapted into Romanian when the first translations of fragments belonging to the Old and the New Testaments were performed. However, most biblical proper names were adapted into Romanian for the first time in the translation of the Septuagint performed by Nicolae Spătarul (Milescu) in the second half of the 17th century and preserved in a manuscript copy (the Romanian manuscript no. 45) from the same century. The main source of this translation was an edition of the Septuagint issued in Frankfurt in 1597. In accordance with the spirit of literalism in Bible translation in that period, the main tendency of translators and reviewers was to preserve, as much as possible, the original form of proper names as they appeared in the source-text, attempting, at the same time, to integrate them in the formal system (graphy, declension) of the Romanian language. Starting from the formal particularities of the names in the source-text, we aim at describing certain aspects related to the graphic principles that the transposition of proper names from the Greek source into Ms. 45 was based upon.

scholarly journals ‘Monumentum aere perennius’ – Discussions and Decisions by the Synod of Dort on the Translation of the Bible

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor E. d'Assonville
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Original Source ◽  
Bible Translation ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Key Concepts

The Synod of Dordrecht 1618/19 was not only the most ecumenical synod of reformed churches in history, but is also famous for reaching closure with the formulation of the Canons of Dort, on the highly controversial discussions of election, grace, predestination, free will and other related theological themes that disturbed the Netherlands during the first two decades of the 17th century. Unfortunately, in the wake of this, other crucial matters that also were dealt with at the Synod tend to be obscure. The critical issue of Bible translation is one such example. Although this theme appears to be in the shadow of the contentious debates on election etc., till today the importance of the decisions of the Synod on the principles of Bible translation, which gave rise to the well-known Dutch “Statenvertaling” (State Translation), remain unassailed. These include principles such as translating from the original languages, staying as close as possible to the original source text, remaining as faithful as possible to the typical Hebrew and Greek idiom, as well as the use of an unadulterated, understandable language as target language – with special consideration of and respect for the Names of the Lord, while also taking other important translations into account. Key concepts Statenvertaling (Dutch State Translation); Dordrecht/Dort ; Bible translation ; Translation principles   ‘Monumentum aere perennius’ – Diskussies oor en besluite deur die Sinode van Dordrecht oor Bybelvertaling Opsomming Die Sinode van Dordrecht 1618/19 was nie slegs die mees ekumeniese sinode van gereformeerde kerke in die geskiedenis nie, maar dit is ook beroemd vir die vasstelling van die Dordtse Leerreëls wat terselfdertyd as afsluiting gedien het vir die hoogs omstrede diskussies oor die uitverkiesing, genade, voorsienigheid, vrye wil en ander samehangende teologiese onderwerpe – temas wat groot onrus veroorsaak het in die Nederlande gedurende die eerste twee dekades van die sewentiende eeu. Ongelukkig bring die bekendheid van die Dordtse Leerreëls mee dat ander sleutelsake wat ook deur die sinode hanteer is in die vergetelheid raak. Die sentrale kwessie van Bybelvertaling is een só ’n aspek. Ofskoon dit lyk of hierdie saak in die skaduwee van die kontensieuse diskussies oor uitverkiesing ensovoorts staan, is die betekenis van die sinodebesluite oor die beginsels van Bybelvertaling (wat uiteindelik in die Statevertaling uitgemond het) ’n uitgemaakte saak. Dit sluit beginsels in soos om uit die oorspronklike tale te vertaal, om so na as moontlik aan die oorspronklike bronteks te bly, terwyl ook so getrou as moontlik die tipiese Hebreeuse en Griekse idioom weergegee word en terselfdertyd van ’n suiwer, verstaanbare segswyse en uitdrukking in die doeltaal gebruik gemaak word. Hierby kom besondere aandag aan en respek vir die Name van die Here terwyl ook ander belangrike vertalings in ag geneem word in die vertaalproses. Kernbegrippe: Statevertaling; Dordrecht / Dordt; Bybelvertaling; Vertaalbeginsels

“Where the Plain Meaning Is Obscure or Unacceptable . . .:” The Treatment of Implicit Anthropomorphisms in the Medieval Karaite Tradition of Arabic Bible Translation

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-49
Author(s):  
Marzena Zawanowska
Keyword(s):  
Source Text ◽  
Linguistic Convention ◽  
Bible Translation ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Scientific Justification ◽  
Theological Challenge ◽  
Name Of God

The article scrutinizes the treatment of implicit biblical anthropomorphisms in the Arabic translations of medieval Karaites and puts forward a detailed taxonomy of the ways in which they responded to this theological challenge. It demonstrates that in view of such important extra-textual concerns, the Karaites did not feel more committed to a literal representation of the source text than their rabbinic predecessors and contemporaries. Moreover, they did not invent new ways of dealing with these “problematic” expressions, but further developed, consolidated, refined, and systematized older Jewish techniques found in canonical Aramaic Targums and Saʿadyah’s Tafsīr. In addition, they gave these techniques a new, scientific justification enlisting the linguistic convention of ellipsis (ikhtiṣār) to account for some verbal constructs that use the name of God. Finally, they cited the rabbinic dictum, “the Torah speaks in the language of man,” to explain why the Bible depicts the incorporeal God in corporeal terms.

scholarly journals History and theory of Scripture translations

2008 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole
Keyword(s):  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Functional Equivalence ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
Bible Translation ◽  
Bible Translations ◽  
The Bible ◽  
History And Theory

This article argues for the importance of Bible translations through its historical achievements and theoretical frames of reference. The missionary expansion of Christianity owes its very being to translations. The early Christian communities knew the Bible through the LXX translations while churches today still continue to use various translations. Translations shape Scripture interpretations, especially when a given interpretation depends on a particular translation. A particular interpretation can also influence a given translation. The article shows how translation theories have been developed to clarify and how the transaction source-target is culturally handled. The articles discuss some of these “theoretical frames”, namely the functional equivalence, relevance, literary functional equivalence and intercultural mediation. By means of a historical overview and a reflection on Bible translation theories the article aims to focus on the role of Africa in translation history.

Beyond the Douai-Reims Bible: The Changing Publishing Strategies of the Kellam Family in Seventeenth-Century Douai

The Library ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-375
Author(s):  
Alexander Soetaert ◽  
Heleen Wyffels
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Family History ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Host Society ◽  
Bible Translation ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
The Bible

Abstract The career of the Catholic Englishman Laurence Kellam is often reduced to his most impressive edition, the Old Testament of the Douay-Rheims Bible (1609–1610), an English Catholic Bible translation edited by the English College of Douai. Yet, there has been scarce attention for the remaining 190 editions, printed in English, as well as in Latin, French and Dutch, that bear a Kellam imprint. The discovery of another fifty editions that should be ascribed to the Kellam press demands a reappraisal of its activities and significance. By analysing both printed and archival sources, this article intends to fit the Bible edition of 1609–1610, and English Catholic printing on the continent more generally, into the wider perspective of three generations of publishing activities and family history, highlighting the increasingly tight connections between several generations of the Kellam family and the authors, institutions, and fellow-publishers of their host society.

scholarly journals Equiprosodic translation method in Estonian poetry

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 447-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Kristiina Lotman
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Translation Method ◽  
Quantitative Structure ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Artificial System ◽  
Translation Practice ◽  
Prosodic Structures ◽  
Estonian Language

Equimetrical translation of verse, which conveys the metre of the source text, should be distinguished from equiprosodic translation of verse, which conveys the versification system of the source text. Equiprosodic translation of verse can rely on the possibilities of natural language (for instance, when presumably Publius Baebius Italicus created the Ilias Latina, he made use of the quantitative structure in Latin), but it can also employ an artificial system (cf., for example, the quantitative verse in Church Slavonic or English). The Estonian language makes it possible to convey the syllabic (based on the number of syllables), accentual (based on the number and configuration of accents) and quantitative (based on the configuration of durations) versification systems. In practice, combined types are most frequent, for instance, the ones in which both the syllable count and the configuration of accents is relevant; in Estonian, versification systems with the participation of all three principles are possible as well. Despite the contrast of quantity in Estonian, the transmission of the quantitative structure of ancient metrics still involves a number of difficulties which result from differences in the prosodic structures. The transmission of purely syllabic versification system has also been problematic: it is hard to perceive such structure as verse in Estonian and therefore it has often been conveyed with the help of different syllabic-accentual or accentual-syllabic verse metres. Although equiprosodic translation is not necessarily equimetrical, in actual translation practice it usually is so.

scholarly journals Reading the Bible in the African context: Assessing Africa’s love affair with prosperity Gospel

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ntozakhe Cezula
Keyword(s):  
Biblical Interpretation ◽  
Prosperity Gospel ◽  
Bible Translation ◽  
African People ◽  
Traditional Religions ◽  
The Bible ◽  
African Context ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bible Reading ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

The aim of this article is to examine Bible reading in the African context and the willingness and enthusiasm to embrace prosperity gospel in Africa. To achieve this objective, a discussion on the developments in biblical interpretation in Africa will first be presented. This will be done by examining three historical periods: colonial, independence and democratisation periods. This will be followed by an outline of migrations that have taken place from traditional religions to different versions of Christianity in different times in Africa. These migrations will be examined in connection with Bible translation. The relationship between prosperity gospel and African people in Africa will be discussed by considering the tools prosperity gospel uses to appeal to African people, namely the religio-cultural and socio-economic factors. The article will then provide its assessment of contextual reading in the prosperity gospel and a conclusion will follow.

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