EFFECT OF COMPOSITION AND PROCESSING OF DIETS ON PERFORMANCE OF HOLSTEIN STEERS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-267
Author(s):  
D. A. Christensen ◽  
B. A. Duck ◽  
H. H. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
Improve Rate

Feeding trials involving a total of 78 Holstein steers and utilizing barley diets were conducted to determine the effects of vitamin E and trace minerals, hay, diethylstilbestrol, and physical form of the barley on rate of gain, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics.In the first trial, a basal diet containing 13.2% crude protein was used. Inclusion of a vitamin E, manganese, zinc, copper and sulfur supplement, 10% hay, or urea in the pelleted diets, or implantation with 9 mg of diethylstilbestrol at the initial weight of 92 kg did not improve rate of gain or dressing percent (P < 0.05). The inclusion of 10% hay reduced feed efficiency (P < 0.05).In the second trial in which dry-rolled, steam-rolled, dry-rolled and pelleted, and steam-rolled and pelleted barley diets were fed, the dry-rolled diet gave slower gains than the diets containing steam-rolled barley or steam-rolled, pelleted barley (P < 0.05). Implanting steers fed the steam-rolled, pelleted diet with 24 mg of diethylstilbestrol at 240 kg liveweight increased rate of gain over other treatments (P < 0.05). Treatments did not affect feed efficiency. Dressing percent was increased in steers fed steam-rolled barley in comparison with those fed dry-rolled barley.

REPLACEMENT OF SKIMMILK POWDER IN THE BABY PIG RATION BY A MIXTURE OF WHEY POWDER AND MEAT MEAL

1958 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Lloyd ◽  
E. W. Crampton
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Whey Powder ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Weaning Pig ◽  
Improve Rate

The substitution of a mixture of meat meal and whey powder for the skimmilk powder in a dry early-weaning pig ration resulted in a decreased rate of gain and feed efficiency. These decreases were shown to be due, at least in part, to a lower digestibility of crude protein and total carbohydrate in meat meal and whey powder rations.The addition of methionine did not improve rate of gain, feed efficiency or nutrient digestibility in any of the treatments studied. Thus, a methionine level of 0.65 per cent of the ration (2.5 per cent of the protein) appears to be adequate for pigs between 2 and 8 weeks of age.Rate of gain of pigs fed rations containing 26 per cent protein was significantly greater than that of pigs fed 30 per cent protein rations; but, in terms of feed efficiency and nutrient digestibility, both levels of protein resulted in similar values.The dry matter, gross energy, crude protein, ether extract and total carbohydrate of all rations were digested to a greater extent by 7- than by 3-week-old pigs.

scholarly journals Standardized ileal digestible (SID) isoleucine requirement of barrows (15- to 30- kg) fed low crude protein diets

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 3283
Author(s):  
Doglas Batista Lazzeri ◽  
Leandro Dalcin Castilha ◽  
Patrícia Barcellos Costa ◽  
Ricardo Vianna Nunes ◽  
Magali Soares dos Santos Pozza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Protein Diets

This study aimed to determine the SID isoleucine (Ile) requirement of starting barrows fed low crude protein. Two experiments were carried out. Experiment 1: Ten crossbred barrows were used in order to determine the SID AA of the basal diet (treatment with the lowest SID Ile level used in the growth performance experiment), averaging 15.00 ± 0.27 kg of initial weight, individually housed in metabolic cages and allotted in a complete randomized design, with two treatments, five replicates and one animal per experimental unit. Treatments consisted of a basal (14.13% CP and 0.450% of SID Ile) and a free protein diet. Experiment 2: A performance experiment was carried out to determine the SID Ile requirement when using low crude protein diets. Forty crossbred barrows were used, averaging 15.00 ± 0.87 kg of initial weight and distributed in a randomized block design with five treatments (0.450, 0.520, 0.590, 0.660 and 0.730% of SID Ile) and two animals per experimental unit. The average daily gain (ADG) (P=0.049) and protein deposition (P=0.01) were affected by the studied SID Ile levels. The daily need of SID Ile was estimated at 5.9 g when considering 0.61% as the optimum level of SID Ile in the diet for an improved ADG and protein deposition.

Whole grain cereal diets for rabbits

1984 ◽  
Vol 1984 ◽  
pp. 154-154
Author(s):  
Mary Payne ◽  
E. Owen ◽  
B.S. Capper ◽  
J.F. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
Whole Grain Cereal

The suitability of feeding whole grain cereal (maize or sorghum) in diets was investigated in three individual-feeding trials conducted under simulated tropical conditions. In each trial rabbits were allocated to one of four diets (Table 1); complete pelleted diet based on maize (PM), whole maize plus pelleted concentrate supplement (WM), complete pelleted diet based on sorghum (PS) or whole sorghum plus pelleted concentrate supplement (WS). In Trial 1 whole maise and whole sorghum contained 84 and 103 g crude protein/kg dry matter (DM) respectively. In Trials 3 and 3 whole maize and whole sorghum contained 60 and 98 g crude protein/kg DM and 18.87 and 18.67 MJ gross energy/kg DM respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of different levels of dietary supplemental caprylic acid and vitamin E on performance, breast muscle vitamin E and A, and oxidative stability in broilers

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Skřivan ◽  
G. Dlouhá ◽  
M. Englmaierová ◽  
K. Červinková
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Caprylic Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Total Vitamin ◽  
Supplemental Vitamin ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Different Levels

The paper reports data from four experiments (EXP). Broiler cockerels Ross 308 were allocated to 3 or 5 (EXP 4) dietary treatments comprising 300 (3 replicated pens of 100 chicks per pen), 50, 50&nbsp;or 100&nbsp;chickens. The EXP lasted 42, 38, 42 and 38 days. All basal diets contained adequate ingredients. The inclusion of 0.5% caprylic acid (CA) in diets reduced (<I>P </I>&lt; 0.05) body weight (EXP 1). The results of EXP 3 and 4 indicated that the diet supplemented with 0.25% CA and 30 mg vitamin E (total vitamin E concentration 50&nbsp;mg) resulted in similar BW like the basal diet, but the increased supplemental vitamin E to 150 mg (EXP 3) or to 100 mg (EXP 4) decreased (<I>P </I>&lt; 0.05 and <I>P </I>&lt; 0.001) BW and increased mortality. No differences were found between the fat and crude protein contents in dry matter of breast meat. Higher vitamin E doses in feed mixture significantly (<I>P </I>&lt; 0.001) increased the content of vitamins soluble in fats in breast meat – vitamin E (from 28.54 in the control to 80.28&nbsp;mg/kg of dry matter) and vitamin A (from 0.34 to 0.44 mg/kg of dry matter). The&nbsp;addition of caprylic acid significantly decreased the speed of lipid oxidation measured after 3&nbsp;(<I>P </I>&lt; 0.02) and 5 (<I>P </I>&lt; 0.05) days of storage in refrigerator at a temperature from 2.5 to 4°C. On the contrary, higher vitamin E doses and basal diet without CA supplement increased the oxidation of lipids.

EFFECTS OF AMMONIA AND STEAM TREATMENTS ON THE COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF CANOLA (LOW GLUCOSINOLATE RAPESEED) SCREENINGS IN DIETS FOR GROWING PIGS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. KEITH ◽  
J. M. BELL
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Similar Difference ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Feeding Trials

Two lots of fine screenings from canola (low glucosinolate rapeseed) were flaked (rolled) and processed (a) control, uncooked (UC); (b) wet-cooked using steam (WC), dried; and (c) WC with ammonia added (WC + NH3) and dried. The screenings meals were tested at 10 and 20% levels in diets that were individually fed to 48 pigs (23–57 kg) of both sexes in each of two factorially designed feeding experiments. In a separate digestibility trial, the meals were fed at 15 or 30% of a barley:wheat (2: 1) basal diet. The glucosinolate content was reduced from approximately 40 μmol/g (UC) to 15 μmol and 2 μmol in WC and WC + NH3 screenings, respectively. The availability of lysine was reduced by processing. Pigs fed diets containing WC screenings gained faster (625 g/day) (P < 0.05) than those fed diets containing UC (576 g) or WC + NH3 screenings (588 g). Pigs fed 10% screenings gained faster than those fed 20% (612 vs. 583 g/day) (P < 0.05) with a similar difference (P < 0.05) between sources (lots). Digestibility of crude protein was reduced from 67% in UC to 62–65% in processed screenings. Minor treatment effects on energy digestibility were observed depending on the source. Key words: Rapeseed screenings, cooking, ammoniation, pigs, feeding trials, digestibility

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pembatasan Protein Pada Umur Dini Terhadap Performan Ayam Broiler

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Sulaiman Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Cage Group

ABSTRACT. An experiment was conducted for six weeks to study the effect of early restricted protein on performance of broiler in 96 three days old Hubbard chicks. This number of birds were randomly divided into three experimental groups, each consisting of 32 birds was divides into four replications of 8 birds. Which were then placed into 55 x 50 x 50 cm cages at the rate of four birds per cage. Group one, two and three were fed 24%, 20%, and 16% crude protein respectively fot the first 3 weeks, and four the second 3 weeks all groubs were fed 20% crude protein. All birds were maintained with feed and water always available. The amount of feed consumption each week during the experiment was recorded. The initial weight of each bird was recorded at the beginning of the experiment. At the first 3 weeks 16% crude protein decreased weight gains and feed efficiency of chickens significantly (P 0.05) below that of the 20% and 24% crude protein groups. However, at the second three weeks there were no significant differences among the three groups of birds. There were no significant differences among the groups of birds in feed consumption during the six weeks of the experiment.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF FEEDING MULTI-NUTRIENT MINI BLOCKS AND PELLETED DIETS ON THE GROWTH OF RABBITS

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-149
Author(s):  
W. O. Biobaku ◽  
E. B. Oguntona
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The effect of substituting pelleted diets with multinutrient block on the growth of weanling rabbits was studied. The pelleted diets and the multinutrient blocks contained crude protein 23.31% and 24.24%, crude fibre 21.65 and 23.00% ether extract 10.44% and 10.97% respectively. The body weight gain (10.58g/day), feed intake (110,20g/day) and feed efficiency ration (0.58) of rabbits fed multinutrient blocks were non-significantly higher by 8.50%, 10.65% and 10.34% respectively, that those rabbits fed with pelleted basal diet.  

EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF ZINC ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND NUTRIENT UTILIZATION IN KIDS

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nayak ◽  
L. Thakur ◽  
R.P.S. Baghel ◽  
A.K. Patil ◽  
C.D. Malapure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Feed Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Average Body

Present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of zinc supplementation on growth performance and nutrient utilization in kids. Twenty four goat kids (4-6 month age) were randomly divided into 4 groups (T1, T2, T3 and T4) having 6 kids each. Kids in the group T1 were fed basal diet which contained 29.02 mg Zn/kg DM from ingredients of ration without any additional Zn supplementation. Kids in the T2, T3 and T4 groups were fed the same basal diet with additive 20, 50 and 100 ppm Zn (as ZnSO4) in their diets, respectively. The study was conducted for 90 days. Digestion trial of 7 days was conducted towards the end of experiment to assess the digestibility of the nutrients. Results indicated significantly higher average body weight gain, crude protein (CP) digestibility and better feed efficiency in kids fed diet supplemented with 50.0 mg Zn/kg DM. From the results it was concluded that the Zn supplementation @ 50.0 mg/kg DM in basal diet significantly improved body weight (BW) gain, CP digestibility and feed efficiency ratio (FER) of kids.

EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL FORM OF CORN AND UREA SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MALE HOLSTEIN CALVES

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 931-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. VEIRA ◽  
G. K. MACLEOD
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Ground Corn

Diets of corn and corn silage (80:20 dry matter (DM) basis) were fed to 48 male Holstein calves in an experiment of 2 × 2 factorial design to evaluate the effect of rolling or grinding corn and of the addition of 0 or 1.2% urea. The calves were fed for 105 days and had an initial weight of 92.6 kg. The physical form of the corn had no effect on performance of the calves. The inclusion of urea increased dietary protein from9.5to 12.8% and growth rate (P < 0.05) from 0.72 to 1.06 kg/day and improved feed efficiency (P < 0.05) from 4.68 to 3.69 kg feed DM/kg gain. Digestibilities of DM and N were increased by urea supplementation (P < 0.05) but not affected by the physical form of the corn (P > 0.05). In a subsequent experiment, the effects of physical form of corn and urea supplementation on rumen volatile fatty acids and ammonia and plasma urea were examined in calves. The physical form of the corn had no effect (P > 0.05), whereas urea supplementation increased rumen ammonia (P < 0.05) and reduced pH (P < 0.05). The only volatile fatty acids affected by treatments were propionate and butyrate which were increased (P < 0.05) and decreased (P < 0.05), respectively, on the urea-ground corn combination. The results indicate that with 100- to 200-kg growing calves, rolled or ground corn was equally well-utilized when fed with 20% corn silage and that with urea as the only supplementary source of N, growth rates of 1 kg/day were achieved.

scholarly journals PSIV-21 Pellet processing reduces variability of corn soybean meal-based diet digestibility in growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 175-175
Author(s):  
Élisabeth Chassé ◽  
Frédéric Guay ◽  
Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Distal Ileum ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
The One

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the effect of pelleting on the digestibility of corn-soybean meal-based diet in growing pigs. Two trials with 6 pigs cannulated at the distal ileum were conducted. In each trial, pigs were assigned to each treatment following a crossover design. In each experiment, the same diet, composed of corn and soybean meal with 10% wheat from two different feed mills, was served in pellet or mash form. Pelleting allowed an increase in digestibility in one of the trials. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and digestible energy (DE) were improved with pelleting by 8, 12 and 9% (P&lt; 0.01). The AID of amino acids (AA) was also improved (P&lt; 0.05). Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) was increased by pelleting in DM, CP and DE by 5, 7 and 6% respectively (P&lt; 0.01). The digestibility of the mash diet in experiment 1 was lower than in the pelleted diet in the experiment 1 and both diets in experiment 2 as shown by the interaction Pelleting X Trial which was significant for the AID and ATTD of DM, CP and DE (P&lt; 0.01). Therefore, in experiment 1, pelleting allows to improve the digestibility of diet to the same level as in experiment 2. The AID of CP was higher by 37% in the mash diet from the second experiment compared to the one in the first experiment. Even though the same ingredients were chosen in the two experiments, this shows the variability in digestibility existing between different feed mills and ingredient sources. This difference was not observed in pelleted diets. The results obtained in these two trials show that pelleting can reduce the variability of digestibility and then give a good digestibility of diets even if the ingredients are of different quality or sources.

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