HERBICIDES FOR WEED CONTROL IN SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius)

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. BLACKSHAW ◽  
H.-H. MUENDEL ◽  
D. A. DERKSEN
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Severe Injury ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Crop Tolerance

Field studies were conducted in 1986, 1987 and 1988 at Lethbridge, Alberta and in 1987 and 1988 at Indian Head, Saskatchewan to determine herbicides suitable for selective control of weeds in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Safflower exhibited acceptable tolerance to trifluralin, ethalfluralin, sethoxydim, fluazifop-p-butyl, clethodim, diclofop methyl, difenzoquat, imazamethabenz, chlorsulfuron, thiameturon, metsulfuron and DPX-A7881 over all years and locations. These herbicides offer the grower the option of preplant incorporated or postemergent herbicide application or a combination of the two. A mixture of thiameturon plus DPX-L5300 caused severe injury to safflower, reducing yield, oil content, and seed weight. Desmedipham, phenmedipham, and mixtures of these herbicides injured safflower at Lethbridge but not at Indian Head. Weeds reduced safflower yield by 39–73% over the 3 yr of the study. Control of weeds in safflower is essential to obtain optimum yields.Key words: Crop tolerance, seed yield, oil content, seed weight, weed competition

Mustard tolerance to clopyralid applied alone or with ethametsulfuron

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-641
Author(s):  
H. A. Loeppky ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yellow Mustard ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Control Limits ◽  
Oriental Mustard

Mustard is a drought-tolerant crop well adapted to the Brown and Dark Brown soils of the Prairies; however, lack of broad-leaved weed control limits production. Two field studies were conducted at Indian Head, Saskatchewan and Lethbridge, Alberta to determine the response of brown and oriental mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Coss), and yellow mustard (B. hirta Moench) to clopyralid. Clopyralid was applied at 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.30, 0.60 kg a.i. ha−1 at the 4- or 10-leaf stage in one experiment. The other was a factorial experiment of clopyralid at 0.10, 0.20, and 0.30 kg a.i. ha−1 with ethametsulfuron at 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03 kg a.i. ha−1. Clopyralid applied at 0.15 kg a.i. ha−1, the lowest rate at which it is registered for weed control in canola, resulted in brown mustard yield reductions of 21%, oriental mustard yield reductions of 23% and yellow mustard yield reductions of 9% over 5 site years. This rate of clopyralid applied with ethametsulfuron reduced brown, oriental and yellow mustard yield by 30, 33 and 8%, respectively. Oil content was also reduced by clopyralid. Clopyralid cannot be used for weed control in mustards. Key words: Crop tolerance, growth stage, clopyralid, ethametsulfuron, seed yield, oil content

Weed Control in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) by Flurtamone

Weed Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Blackshaw ◽  
Robert J. Morrison ◽  
H.-Henning Muendel ◽  
Blair T. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Field Pennycress

Field studies were conducted to determine suitability of flurtamone alone and in tank mixture with ethalfluralin for selective control of weeds in safflower. Flurtamone at 0.6 to 0.9 kg ha−1 controlled field pennycress, kochia, and Russian thistle. Flurtamone and ethalfluralin were compatible in tank mixture and provided comparable or superior control of wild oat, kochia, and field pennycress than either herbicide alone. Plant height, date of flowering, seed yield, and quality data indicated that safflower tolerated flurtamone alone up to 1.6 kg ha−1 and flurtamone tank mixed with ethalfluralin at rates as high as 1.1 plus 1.1 kg tar1, respectively. Safflower yield response to these herbicides was positive and reflected level of weed control attained with various treatments.

Dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) tolerance to imazethapyr

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 915-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
G. Saindon
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Bean Yield

A field study was conducted during 3 yr to determine the growth and yield response of Pinto, Pink Red and Great Northern dry beans to various doses of imazethapyr. Imazethapyr was applied postemergence at 0, 25, 50 75 100, 150, and 200 g ha−1 to each class of dry bean. Results indicated that these four classes of dry beans responded similarly to imazethapyr. Dry bean injury increased and yields were reduced as dose of imazethapyr increased. At the proposed use dose of 50 g ha−1, imazethapyr reduced yield by 5 to 6%. Imazethapyr at 100 g ha−1 reduced dry bean yield by 10 to 12% and delayed maturity by 3 to 4 d. Benefits of superior weed control attained with imazethapyr should be weighed against potential crop injury when growers consider using imazethapyr in their dry bean weed management programs. Key words: Herbicide injury, maturity, seed yield, seed weight

Weed management with CGA-362622 in transgenic and nontransgenic cotton

Weed Science ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1002-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dunk Porterfield ◽  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
Jerry W. Wells ◽  
Scott B. Clewis
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Smooth Pigweed

Field studies conducted at three locations in North Carolina in 1998 and 1999 evaluated crop tolerance, weed control, and yield with CGA-362622 alone and in combination with various weed management systems in transgenic and nontransgenic cotton systems. The herbicide systems used bromoxynil, CGA-362622, glyphosate, and pyrithiobac applied alone early postemergence (EPOST) or mixtures of CGA-362622 plus bromoxynil, glyphosate, or pyrithiobac applied EPOST. Trifluralin preplant incorporated followed by (fb) fluometuron preemergence (PRE) alone or fb a late POST–directed (LAYBY) treatment of prometryn plus MSMA controlled all the weed species present less than 90%. Herbicide systems that included soil-applied and LAYBY herbicides plus glyphosate EPOST or mixtures of CGA-362622 EPOST plus bromoxynil, glyphosate, or pyrithiobac controlled broadleaf signalgrass, entireleaf morningglory, large crabgrass, Palmer amaranth, prickly sida, sicklepod, and smooth pigweed at least 90%. Only cotton treated with these herbicide systems yielded equivalent to the weed-free check for each cultivar. Bromoxynil systems did not control Palmer amaranth and sicklepod, pyrithiobac systems did not control sicklepod, and CGA-362622 systems did not control prickly sida.

Genetic variability in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
R. K. Gupta ◽  
V. K. Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
The Mean

The data were recorded on five random selected plants for 12 quantitative characters and statistical analyzed. The analysis of variance for all the twelve characters is showed the mean square due to genotypes was highly significant. The mean values of various characters like days to 50 per cent flowering were recorded maximum for genotype IC560719 and Pusa Karishma (84.00 days)with mean 69.08 days The maximum days to 75% maturity were observed in IC-560700 genotype (142.00 days) with a mean of 135.07 days. The plant height highest recorded in the genotype IC-560696 (217.60 cm) with mean of 188.14 cm. The maximum number of primary branches per plant (16.47) was recorded in the genotype NPJ-113 with mean of 10.13. The genotype NPJ-113 produced maximum number of secondary branches per plant (35.47) with mean of 19.78. The maximum length of siliqua was recorded for Kranti (7.03) with mean of 5.24cm. The maximum number of seeds per siliqua was recorded in Kranti genotype (19.13) with mean value 14.91. The maximum 1000-seed weight recorded 5.57g for Pusa Jai Kisan with mean wt. 3.96 g. Pusa Mustard-21 produced highest biological yield (191.13g) with mean 79.00g. The genotype Pusa Jagannath had maximum harvest index (30.98%) with mean value 23.87%. The oil content in mustard maximum in 42.00 % were recorded in Pusa Agrani with mean oil content was 39.16 percent. The genotype Pusa Mustard-21 showed highest seed yield per plant (47.00g) with a mean seed yield of 18.58. The higher heritability estimates in broad sense for biological yield per plant (99.6%), number of primary branches per plant (91.4%), number of secondary branches per plant (98.4) plant height (99.2%), 1000-seed weight (99.4%) and days to 50 per cent flowering (98.5). Expected genetic advance at 5% selection intensity was recorded higher for biological yield per plant (71.60) and number secondary branches per plant (10.87).

Preemergence Herbicide Efficacy and Phytotoxicity in Grain Sorghum

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick W. Geier ◽  
Phillip W. Stahlman ◽  
David L. Regehr ◽  
Brian L. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Rate Controlled ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Field studies conducted from 2005 to 2007 in Kansas compared the effects of KIH-485 and flufenacet to acetochlor and s-metolachlor applied PRE in grain sorghum. All treatments were combined with 1.12 kg/ha of atrazine for broadleaf weed control. KIH-485 and flufenacet, each at one time (1×) and two times (2×) the labeled rates, controlled large crabgrass 55 to 76% in 2005 and 94% or more in 2006 and 2007. In 2005, all herbicides controlled shattercane less than 20%, and only KIH-485 at the 2× rate controlled shattercane more than 70% in 2006 and 2007. Averaged over herbicides, green foxtail was controlled 98% in 2005, 77% in 2006, and 79% in 2007. Most herbicides controlled foxtail 86% or more when averaged over experiments, however, s-metolachlor at 1×, flufenacet at either rate, or atrazine alone did not. Sorghum was not stunted with KIH-485 or flufenacet in two of seven experiments. However, sorghum growth was reduced 23 to 54% with the 2× rates of KIH-485, flufenacet, or acetochlor in four experiments. Compared to the weed free control, sorghum stand establishment was reduced 18% with the 2× rate of flufenacet at Colby in 2006. At Hays in 2005, stand reductions occurred with acetochlor or KIH-485 at the 2× rates and either rate of flufenacet. Averaged over experiments, grain yields were reduced 9 and 10% with KIH-485 and flufenacet at the 2× rates, respectively. Where precipitation was greatest during the 2 wk following herbicide application, weed control was the best with these herbicides, but sorghum injury was also greatest.

Soybean (Glycine max) and Rotational Crop Response to PPI Chlorimuron, Clomazone, Imazaquin, and Imazethapyr

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald F. Krausz ◽  
George Kapusta ◽  
Joseph L. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Height Reduction ◽  
Rotational Crop

Field studies were conducted from 1989 to 1992 to evaluate soybean and rotational crop tolerance to PPI applications of chlorimuron (23 to 140 g ai/ha), clomazone (560 to 3360 g/ha), imazaquin (70 to 420 g/ha), and imazethapyr (53 to 310 g/ha). Soybean injury was evident only in 1989. Soybean height reduction 45 d after application increased linearly with increasing rates of chlorimuron, imazaquin, and imazethapyr. Chlorimuron at 140 g/ha and imazaquin at 420 g/ha reduced soybean height 120 d after planting. None of the herbicides influenced soybean density. Chlorimuron and imazaquin reduced soybean seed yield linearly as rates increased. None of the herbicides reduced subsequent wheat yield. Corn height reduction increased as the rate of imazaquin and imazethapyr increased. Imazethapyr and imazaquin caused 2 to 40% and 1 to 12% height reduction at 30 d after planting, respectively. Imazethapyr at 310 g/ha applied the previous year reduced corn height at 120 d after planting. There were no differences in corn density. Imazaquin and imazethapyr at 420 and 310 g/ha, respectively, applied the previous year reduced corn yield.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF LATVIAN FLAX VARIETIES BY SEED YIELD AND QUALITY

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Veneranda Stramkale ◽  
Aldis Stramkalis ◽  
Ļubova Komlajeva ◽  
Māra Selecka ◽  
Māra Vikmane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
Fibre Flax ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Weight Content

Flax cultures give dual-purpose production – flax fibre and seeds. Flax varieties adapted to local climate conditions have breeded but up to now the profound research of its quality was not carried out. In our investigation we analysed flax varieties of Latvia selection for seed yield and quality in comparison with standard varieties ‘Vega 2’ and ‘Lirina’. In Latgale Agricultural Scientific Centre 10 Latvian flax varieties are cultivated and seed yield, 1000-seed weight, seed oil content (extracted by hot pressing method) and fatty acid content in flax seed oil (detected with gas chromatography method) have evaluated. Seed yields of fibre flax Latvian varieties are significantly higher in comparison with standard variety ‘Vega’. All analysed seed samples have high oil content (27- 47%) and there is high percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids in oil (linoleic acid 10,6-16,9%, linolenic acid 54,7-62,1%). There is little difference in 1000-seed weight, content of oil in seeds, percentage of linoleic, linolenic, oleic, palmitic and stearic acid in oil between fibre flax and oil seed flax varieties. The difference between the varieties is more influential. Flaxes seeds from Latvian varieties are in high quality and can be used for food, medical and technical purposes.

scholarly journals Influence of cut-off irrigation on seed quality and physiological indices of various safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed Mohammad Taghi Tabib Loghmani ◽  
Forood Bazrafshan ◽  
Omid Alizadeh ◽  
Bahram Amiri ◽  
Abdollah Bahrani
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Fars Province

Safflower (<em>Carthamus tinctorius</em> L.) is an oilseed crop adapted to arid and semiarid regions. In this study, an experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of water deficiency on plant height, 1,000-grain weight, seed yield, harvest index, relative water content (RWC), oil yield, and oil content in 15 safflower genotypes. A split-plot randomized complete blocks design was arranged with three replications. Safflower plants were grown under normal irrigation and water deficit conditions in Sarvestan, Fars Province, Iran during 2016 and 2017 growing seasons. Combined analysis results indicated that water deficit stress had negative effects on all measured indices. Average seed yield declined by 65.91% (2,337.91 to 796.79 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>) due to water deficit stress. Genotype also had a significant effect on evaluated indices, and the interaction between genotype and irrigation significantly influenced all indices except plant height. Under both conditions, highest RWC, seed yield, and oil yield were observed in Dincer and PI-537598 genotypes. Maximum plant height and 1,000-seed weight in both irrigation conditions were observed in the Dincer genotype. In the normal irrigation condition, maximum harvest index and oil content were observed in the CW-74 genotype. Thus, Dincer and PI-537598 were classified as the best genotypes (based on seed yield, RWC, and oil yield) under both normal irrigation and water deficit stress conditions.

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