The Role of Irisin in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Ramin
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Diet and Nutritional Interventions with the Special Role of Myo-Inositol in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Management. An Evidence-Based Critical Appraisal

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 2467-2473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Reyes-Muñoz ◽  
Federica Di Guardo ◽  
Michal Ciebiera ◽  
Ilker Kahramanoglu ◽  
Thozhukat Sathyapalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Dose Frequency ◽  
Nutritional Interventions

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), defined as glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy, represents one of the most common maternal-fetal complications during pregnancy and it is associated with poor perinatal outcomes. To date, GDM is a rising condition over the last decades coinciding with the ongoing epidemic of obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Objective: The aim of this review is to discuss the role of diet and nutritional interventions in preventing GDM with the explanation of the special role of myo-inositol (MI) in this matter. Methods: We performed an overview of the most recent literature data on the subject with particular attention to the effectiveness of diet and nutritional interventions in the prevention of GDM with the special role of MI. Results: Nutritional intervention and physical activity before and during pregnancy are mandatory in women affected by GDM. Moreover, the availability of insulin-sensitizers such as different forms of inositol has dramatically changed the scenario, allowing the treatment of several metabolic diseases, such as those related to glucose dysbalance. Although the optimal dose, frequency, and form of MI administration need to be further investigated, diet supplementation with MI appears to be an attractive alternative for the GDM prevention as well as for the reduction of GDM-related complications. Conclusion: More studies should be conducted to prove the most effective nutritional intervention in GDM. Regarding the potential effectiveness of MI, further evidence in multicenter, randomized controlled trials is needed to draw firm conclusions.

scholarly journals The Role of IL-37 and IL-38 in Obstetrics Abnormalities

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Inflammatory Mediator ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Minimal Difference ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Umbilical Cords

There are two fairly common complications during pregnancy, i.e., gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pre-eclampsia, which are independent, but are also closely linked in prevalence in pregnant women, with potential serious adverse consequences. IL-37 and IL-38, which belong to the IL-1 superfamily, participate in anti-inflammatory responses. Dysregulation of IL-37 and IL-38 has been observed in many auto-immune diseases. IL-37 is substantially reduced in the umbilical cords and placentas of GDM subjects, but IL-37 is significantly induced in the placentas of pre-eclampsia patients, suggesting there are differential regulatory roles of IL-37 in obstetrics, despite IL-37 being an anti-inflammatory mediator. Furthermore, IL-38 is substantially increased in the umbilical cords and placentas of GDM subjects, but minimal difference is observed in the placentas from pre-eclampsia patients. These data imply that IL-38 is also regulated independently within the diseased placentas. This review provides some insight for both basic scientists and medical practitioners to manage these patients effectively.

The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathophysiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3061-3100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Lappas ◽  
Ursula Hiden ◽  
Gernot Desoye ◽  
Julia Froehlich ◽  
Sylvie Hauguel-de Mouzon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Role of Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) as a prognostic marker for fetal and maternal complications in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Reda Halawa ◽  
Magdy Hassan Kolaib ◽  
Salah Hussein El-Halawany ◽  
Dina Ahmed Marwan ◽  
Ola Mohamed Mostafa Shaheen
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Prognostic Marker ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Fibroblast Growth

Abstract Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) defined as glucose intolerance with onset or first diagnosis during pregnancy. While GDM usually resolves following delivery, it can have long-lasting health consequences, including increased risk for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the mother, and future obesity, CVD, T2DM, and/or GDM in the child. This contributes to a vicious intergenerational cycle of obesity and diabetes that impacts the health of the population as a whole. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hormone that is expressed predominantly in the liver, but also in other metabolically active tissues such as pancreas, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. An elevated FGF21 level is also an independent predictor of T2DM. GDM and T2DM are proposed to have similar underlying pathophysiologies, raising the question of whether a similar relationship exists between FGF21 and GDM as it does with T2DM. Objectives assess the role of Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) as a prognostic marker for maternal and fetal complications in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Patients and Methods A case control study that was conducted on 50 patients diagnosed with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and 50 control subjects at Diabetes and Obstetrics outpatient clinic and inpatient ward at Ain Shams university hospitals in the period between December 2018 and July 2019. Patients diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) at 24-28 weeks of gestation were included in this study. Results FGF 21 levels varied significantly with blood sugar values where higher levels of FGF 21 levels were found in patients with GDM with study results showing that FGF 21 can be used as a diagnostic marker for GDM at levels above 121 pg/ml with sensitivity 84% and specificity 92%. Conclusion FGF 21 can be used as a diagnostic marker for gestational diabetes. Further studies needed for better correlation between FGF 21 levels during pregnancy and maternal outcome.

scholarly journals miR-657 Promotes Macrophage Polarization toward M1 by Targeting FAM46C in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Pingping Wang ◽  
Zengfang Wang ◽  
Guojie Liu ◽  
Chengwen Jin ◽  
Quan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
M2 Macrophage ◽  
And Migration

MicroRNA (miRNA) has been widely suggested to play a vital role of in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We have previously demonstrated that miR-657 can regulate macrophage inflammatory response in GDM. However, the role of miR-657 on M1/M2 macrophage polarization in GDM pathogenesis is not clear yet. This study is aimed at elucidating this issue and identifying novel potential GDM therapeutic targets based on miRNA network. miR-657 is found to be upregulated in placental macrophages demonstrated by real-time PCR, which can enhance macrophage proliferation and migration in vitro. Luciferase reporter assay shows the evidence that FAM46C is a target of miR-657. In addition, miR-657 can promote macrophage polarization toward the M1 phenotype by downregulating FAM46C in macrophages. The present study strongly suggests miR-657 is involved in GDM pathogenesis by regulating macrophage proliferation, migration, and polarization via targeting FAM46C. miR-657/FAM46C may serve as promising targets for GDM diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals Role of sex hormone binding globulin as the early predictor for gestational diabetes mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 967
Author(s):  
Sujatha M. S. ◽  
Madhana S. ◽  
Shylaja P. ◽  
Priyanka S.
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Early Predictor

Background:  The aim of this study was to find role of SHBG as an early predictor for gestational diabetes mellitus.Methods: A hospital based prospective/observational/diagnostic and explorative study. The necessary information was collected from the participants through the prepared set of questionnaires. Pregnant women between 11 to 14 weeks of gestation who visited JSS OPD for antenatal checkup satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria giving informed and written consent for the study were examined clinically. 3ml of venous blood was drawn with aseptic precautions for the estimation of SHBG and adiponectin. OGTT with 75gms glucose first done at 11 to 14weeks and again at 24-28 weeks and 32-36 weeks were done to the same patient to find out whether the patient developed GDM or not. These mothers were followed periodically till delivery. The sensitivity and specificity of SHBG were assessed and compared in patients who developed GDM.Results: 100 cases were selected for the study. About 12 patients were diagnosed as gestational diabetes mellitus in present study by OGCT at 32 weeks to 36 weeks. In present study about 14 patients had low level of SHBG. Low level of SHBG is found to be statistically significant in predicting GDM in first trimester.Conclusions: The combination of SHBG can be used as predictor of GDM in first trimester.

scholarly journals Expression of Dual-Specificity Phosphatase 9 in Placenta and Its Relationship with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Qiang Wei ◽  
Xiaomin Pu ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Yi Xu ◽  
Meifan Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Gestational Week

Introduction. The aim of the present study was to examine placental levels of DUSP9 mRNA and protein and to investigate the potential role of DUSP9 in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods. Placental tissues from pregnant women with GDM (n=17) and normal healthy pregnant women (n=16) were collected at delivery. The expression of DUSP9 mRNA in placental tissue was analyzed by real-time PCR, while the expression of DUPS9 protein was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Differences in the expression levels of DUSP9 mRNA and protein between the two groups were assessed, as well as potential correlations between DUSP9 mRNA expression levels and relevant clinical indicators. Results. Blood glucose levels were significantly higher in the GDM group than in the control group, based on an oral glucose tolerance test. DUSP9 protein was expressed in the placental cytotrophoblasts in both groups, and placental levels of DUSP9 protein and mRNA were significantly higher in women with GDM. Placental DUSP9 mRNA levels in all 33 women correlated moderately with delivery gestational week (R=0.465, P=0.006), fasting plasma glucose (R=0.350, P=0.046), 1-hour postload plasma glucose (R=0.363, P = 0.038), and 2-hour postload plasma glucose (R=0.366, P=0.036), but not with maternal age, preconception body mass index, prenatal body mass index, or neonatal birth weight. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that delivery gestational week was an influence factor of DUSP9 mRNA levels (β1=0.026, P<0.05). Conclusions. DUSP9 upregulation in the placenta of GDM pregnant women may promote insulin resistance, which may correlate with the occurrence of GDM. But there is still possibility that DUSP9 upregulation was the results of insulin resistance and/or hyperglycemia. Further research is needed to explore the role of DUSP9 in GDM.

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