Unsettled Issues Regarding Visual Communication Between Automated Vehicles and Other Road Users

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Communication ◽  
Auditory Motion ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Public Traffic ◽  
Communication Modes

As automated road vehicles begin their deployment into public traffic, and they will need to interact with human driven vehicles, pedestrians, bicyclists, etc. This requires some form of communication between those automated vehicles (AVs) and other road users. Some of these communication modes (e.g., auditory, motion) were discussed in “Unsettled Issues Regarding Communication of Automated Vehicles with Other Road Users.” Unsettled Issues Regarding Visual Communication Between Automated Vehicles and Other Road Users focuses on sisual communication and its balance of reach, clarity, and intuitiveness. This report discusses the different modes of visual communication (such a simple lights and rich text) and how they can be used for communication between AVs and other road users. A particular emphasis is put on standardization to highlight how uniformity and mass adoption increases efficacy of communications means.

scholarly journals Impact of External Human–Machine Interface Communication Strategies of Automated Vehicles on Pedestrians’ Crossing Decisions and Behaviors in an Urban Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8396
Author(s):  
Marc Wilbrink ◽  
Merle Lau ◽  
Johannes Illgner ◽  
Anna Schieben ◽  
Michael Oehl
Keyword(s):  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Communication Tools ◽  
Automated Vehicle ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Vulnerable Road Users ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Vehicle Automation

The development of automated vehicles (AVs) and their integration into traffic are seen by many vehicle manufacturers and stakeholders such as cities or transportation companies as a revolution in mobility. In future urban traffic, it is more likely that AVs will operate not in separated traffic spaces but in so-called mixed traffic environments where different types of traffic participants interact. Therefore, AVs must be able to communicate with other traffic participants, e.g., pedestrians as vulnerable road users (VRUs), to solve ambiguous traffic situations. To achieve well-working communication and thereby safe interaction between AVs and other traffic participants, the latest research discusses external human–machine interfaces (eHMIs) as promising communication tools. Therefore, this study examines the potential positive and negative effects of AVs equipped with static (only displaying the current vehicle automation status (VAS)) and dynamic (communicating an AV’s perception and intention) eHMIs on the interaction with pedestrians by taking subjective and objective measurements into account. In a Virtual Reality (VR) simulator study, 62 participants were instructed to cross a street while interacting with non-automated (without eHMI) and automated vehicles (equipped with static eHMI or dynamic eHMI). The results reveal that a static eHMI had no effect on pedestrians’ crossing decisions and behaviors compared to a non-automated vehicle without any eHMI. However, participants benefit from the additional information of a dynamic eHMI by making earlier decisions to cross the street and higher certainties regarding their decisions when interacting with an AV with a dynamic eHMI compared to an AV with a static eHMI or a non-automated vehicle. Implications for a holistic evaluation of eHMIs as AV communication tools and their safe introduction into traffic are discussed based on the results.

scholarly journals Identifying Conflict Points for the Examination of Automated Vehicles in the Presence of Vulnerable Road Users

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 609-616
Author(s):  
Anysia Mayerhofer ◽  
Inbal Haas ◽  
Felix Gabriel ◽  
Bernhard Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Vulnerable Road Users

Challenges and Opportunities for the Intersection of Vulnerable Road Users (VRU) and Automated Vehicles (AVs)

2018 ◽  
pp. 207-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin M. Owens ◽  
Laura Sandt ◽  
Justin F. Morgan ◽  
Sudharson Sundararajan ◽  
Michael Clamann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Vulnerable Road Users

scholarly journals Verbal and Visual Communication in the Movie The Hunger Games

HUMANIS ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 604
Author(s):  
Ayu Putu Fridayanti ◽  
Ni Wayan Sukarini ◽  
Putu Weddha Savitri
Keyword(s):  
Visual Communication ◽  
Communication Theory ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Communication Analysis ◽  
Hunger Games ◽  
The Hunger Games ◽  
Communication Modes ◽  
The Relationship

Communication can be made by using two kinds of mode; they are verbal and visual communication modes. Nowadays, people tend to focus on the verbal communication and ignore the visual communication itself, even though they have the same important part of communication by using language. This study entitled “Verbal and Visual Communication in the Movie The Hunger Games” is trying to reveal and find out the sentence forms of the characters’ verbal utterances, the visual signs of the scene among the characters and the relationship between those communications. In the study, The Hunger Games movie is used as the data source. It tells about a death game that was held by a capitol city which was inhabited by people of the upper class and the people of the lower class who live in the districts as the tribute of the game. The method used to analyze the movie is Qualitative method. The main theory used is proposed by Dyer (1986) with his Verbal and Visual Communication theory and helped by using a theory from Timothy Shopen (2007) describing the types of sentence in form of verbal utterance. Based on the analysis, all of the sentence types as the verbal communication analysis and almost all of the visual sign elements in the movie were found, except for the national and racial element in appearance category. The verbal and visual communications represented in the movie supports each other to convey the meaning. It shows the differences between two different social classes; they are upper and lower classes. How the characters of the upper class speak, act, and look, tend to be more polite, prestigious, classy, colorful, and more educated than the characters of the lower class. It shows the relationship of visual and verbal communication itself. 

scholarly journals Addressing inequal risk exposure in the development of automated vehicles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Different Types

AbstractAutomated vehicles (AVs) are expected to operate on public roads, together with non-automated vehicles and other road users such as pedestrians or bicycles. Recent ethical reports and guidelines raise worries that AVs will introduce injustice or reinforce existing social inequalities in road traffic. One major injustice concern in today’s traffic is that different types of road users are exposed differently to risks of corporal harm. In the first part of the paper, we discuss the responsibility of AV developers to address existing injustice concerns regarding risk exposure as well as approaches on how to fulfill the responsibility for a fairer distribution of risk. In contrast to popular approaches on the ethics of risk distribution in unavoidable accident cases, we focus on low and moderate risk situations, referred to as routine driving. For routine driving, the obligation to distribute risks fairly must be discussed in the context of risk-taking and risk-acceptance, balancing safety objectives of occupants and other road users with driving utility. In the second part of the paper, we present a typical architecture for decentralized automated driving which contains a dedicated module for real-time risk estimation and management. We examine how risk estimation modules can be adjusted and parameterized to redress some inequalities.

Behavioral strategies of automated vehicles in critical right of way situations on intersections

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Stoff ◽  
Hermann Winner
Keyword(s):  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Safety Function ◽  
Potential Safety ◽  
Avoidance Strategies ◽  
The Right

AbstractThis paper analyzes and evaluates alternative options for action and earliest possible dates for intervention for an automated safety function to avoid or mitigate collisions in priority situations in which the right of way regulations are violated by the crossing road users. Based on a simulation of the collision avoidance strategies, the potential safety benefits could be predicted.

Unsettled Issues Regarding Communication of Automated Vehicles with Other Road Users

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Beiker ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Planning Organizations ◽  
Telecommunication Companies ◽  
Major Shift ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Multiple Scenarios

The focus of this SAE EDGE™ Research Report is to address a topic overlooked by many who choose to view automated driving systems and AVs from a “10,000-foot” perspective: how automated vehicles (AVs) will actually communicate with other road users. Conventional (human-driven) vehicles, bicyclists, and pedestrians already have a functioning system of understating each other while on the move. Adding automated vehicles to the mix requires assessing the spectrum of existing modes of communication – both implicit and explicit, biological and technological, and how they will interact with each other in the real world. The impending deployment of AVs represents a major shift in the traditional approach to ground transportation; its effects will inevitably be felt by parties directly involved with the vehicle manufacturing and use and those that play roles in the mobility ecosystem (e.g., aftermarket and maintenance industries, infrastructure and planning organizations, automotive insurance providers, marketers, telecommunication companies). Unsettled Issues Regarding Communication of Automated Vehicles with Other Road Users brings together the multiple scenarios we are likely to see in a future not too far away and how they are likely to play out in practical ways.

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