Transcription Factors and Transcriptional Control

Gene Control ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 133-173
Author(s):  
David S. Latchman
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Transcriptional Control

MGA2 and SPT23 Are Modifiers of Transcriptional Silencing in Yeast

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 156 (3) ◽  
pp. 933-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Lou Dula ◽  
Scott G Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Chromatin Structure ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Transcriptional Silencing ◽  
Sir Proteins

Abstract Transcriptional silencing at the HM loci and telomeres in yeast depends on several trans-acting factors, including Rap1p and the Sir proteins. The SUM1-1 mutation was identified by its ability to restore silencing to strains deficient in one or more of these trans-acting factors. The mechanism by which SUM1-1 bypasses the requirement for silencing proteins is not known. We identified four loci that when reduced in dosage in diploid strains increase the ability of SUM1-1 strains to suppress silencing defects. Two of the genes responsible for this effect were found to be MGA2 and SPT23. Mga2p and Spt23p were previously identified as functionally related transcription factors that influence chromatin structure. We find that deletion of MGA2 or SPT23 also increases the efficiency of silencing in haploid SUM1-1 strains. These results suggest that Mga2p and Spt23p are antagonists of silencing. Consistent with this proposal we find that deletion of MGA2 or SPT23 also suppresses the silencing defects caused by deletion of the SIR1 gene or by mutations in the HMR silencer sequences. However, we find that Mga2p and Spt23p can positively affect silencing in other contexts; deletion of either MGA2 or SPT23 decreases mating in strains bearing mutations in the HML-E silencer. Mga2p and Spt23p appear to be a novel class of factors that influence disparate pathways of transcriptional control by chromatin.

Transcriptional Control of Parturition: Insights from Gene Regulation Studies in the Myometrium

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawrah Khader ◽  
Virlana M Shchuka ◽  
Oksana Shynlova ◽  
Jennifer A Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Activator Protein 1 ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory Networks ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Mechanistic Basis ◽  
Labour Onset

Abstract The onset of labour is a culmination of a series of highly coordinated and preparatory physiological events that take place throughout the gestational period. In order to produce the associated contractions needed for fetal delivery, smooth muscle cells in the muscular layer of the uterus (i.e. myometrium) undergo a transition from quiescent to contractile phenotypes. Here, we present the current understanding of the roles transcription factors play in critical labour-associated gene expression changes as part of the molecular mechanistic basis for this transition. Consideration is given to both transcription factors that have been well-studied in a myometrial context, i.e. activator protein 1 (AP-1), progesterone receptors (PRs), estrogen receptors (ERs), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), as well as additional transcription factors whose gestational event-driving contributions have been demonstrated more recently. These transcription factors may form pregnancy- and labour- associated transcriptional regulatory networks in the myometrium to modulate the timing of labour onset. A more thorough understanding of the transcription factor-mediated, labour-promoting regulatory pathways holds promise for the development of new therapeutic treatments that can be used for the prevention of preterm labour in at-risk women.

scholarly journals Regulation of rice root development by a retrotransposon acting as a microRNA sponge

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungnam Cho ◽  
Jerzy Paszkowski
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Specific Accumulation ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Microrna Sponge

It is well documented that transposable elements (TEs) can regulate the expression of neighbouring genes. However, their ability to act in trans and influence ectopic loci has been reported rarely. We searched in rice transcriptomes for tissue-specific expression of TEs and found them to be regulated developmentally. They often shared sequence homology with co-expressed genes and contained potential microRNA-binding sites, which suggested possible contributions to gene regulation. In fact, we have identified a retrotransposon that is highly transcribed in roots and whose spliced transcript constitutes a target mimic for miR171. miR171 destabilizes mRNAs encoding the root-specific family of SCARECROW-Like transcription factors. We demonstrate that retrotransposon-derived transcripts act as decoys for miR171, triggering its degradation and thus results in the root-specific accumulation of SCARECROW-Like mRNAs. Such transposon-mediated post-transcriptional control of miR171 levels is conserved in diverse rice species.

scholarly journals TEADs, Yap, Taz, Vgll4s transcription factors control the establishment of Left-Right asymmetry in zebrafish

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Fillatre ◽  
Jean-Daniel Fauny ◽  
Jasmine Alexandra Fels ◽  
Cheng Li ◽  
Mary Goll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Hippo Pathway ◽  
Hippo Signaling ◽  
Zebrafish Model ◽  
Transcription Cofactor ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Epigenetic Programming ◽  
Left Right Asymmetry

In many vertebrates, establishment of Left-Right (LR) asymmetry results from the activity of a ciliated organ functioning as the LR Organizer (LRO). While regulation of the formation of this structure by major signaling pathways has been described, the transcriptional control of LRO formation is poorly understood. Using the zebrafish model, we show that the transcription factors and cofactors mediating or regulating the transcriptional outcome of the Hippo signaling pathway play a pivotal role in controlling the expression of genes essential to the formation of the LRO including ligands and receptors of signaling pathways involved in this process and most genes required for motile ciliogenesis. Moreover, the transcription cofactor, Vgll4l regulates epigenetic programming in LRO progenitors by controlling the expression of writers and readers of DNA methylation marks. Altogether, our study uncovers a novel and essential role for the transcriptional effectors and regulators of the Hippo pathway in establishing LR asymmetry.

scholarly journals KLF4 protein stability regulated by interaction with pluripotency transcription factors overrides transcriptional control

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (15-16) ◽  
pp. 1069-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navroop K. Dhaliwal ◽  
Luis E. Abatti ◽  
Jennifer A. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Protein Stability ◽  
Transcriptional Control

scholarly journals A New Coactivator Function for Zac1's C2H2 Zinc Finger DNA-Binding Domain in Selectively Controlling PCAF Activity

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (19) ◽  
pp. 6078-6093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anke Hoffmann ◽  
Dietmar Spengler
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Zinc Finger Protein ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Dna Binding Domain ◽  
Histone H4 ◽  
Histone H4 Acetylation

ABSTRACT The generally accepted paradigm of transcription by regulated recruitment defines sequence-specific transcription factors and coactivators as separate categories that are distinguished by their abilities to bind DNA autonomously. The C2H2 zinc finger protein Zac1, with an established role in canonical DNA binding, also acts as a coactivator. Commensurate with this function, p73, which is related to p53, is here shown to recruit Zac1, together with the coactivators p300 and PCAF, to the p21Cip1 promoter during the differentiation of embryonic stem cells into neurons. In the absence of autonomous DNA binding, Zac1's zinc fingers stabilize the association of PCAF with p300, suggesting its scaffolding function. Furthermore, Zac1 regulates the affinities of PCAF substrates as well as the catalytic activities of PCAF to induce a selective switch in favor of histone H4 acetylation and thereby the efficient transcription of p21Cip1. These results are consistent with an authentic coactivator function of Zac1's C2H2 zinc finger DNA-binding domain and suggest coactivation by sequence-specific transcription factors as a new facet of transcriptional control.

scholarly journals DksA-dependent regulation of RpoS contributes to Borrelia burgdorferi tick-borne transmission and mammalian infectivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. e1009072
Author(s):  
William K. Boyle ◽  
Crystal L. Richards ◽  
Daniel P. Dulebohn ◽  
Amanda K. Zalud ◽  
Jeff A. Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Nutrient Limitation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Stringent Response ◽  
Transcriptional Responses

Throughout its enzootic cycle, the Lyme disease spirochete Borreliella (Borrelia) burgdorferi, senses and responds to changes in its environment using a small repertoire of transcription factors that coordinate the expression of genes required for infection of Ixodes ticks and various mammalian hosts. Among these transcription factors, the DnaK suppressor protein (DksA) plays a pivotal role in regulating gene expression in B. burgdorferi during periods of nutrient limitation and is required for mammalian infectivity. In many pathogenic bacteria, the gene regulatory activity of DksA, along with the alarmone guanosine penta- and tetra-phosphate ((p)ppGpp), coordinate the stringent response to various environmental stresses, including nutrient limitation. In this study, we sought to characterize the role of DksA in regulating the transcriptional activity of RNA polymerase and its role in the regulation of RpoS-dependent gene expression required for B. burgdorferi infectivity. Using in vitro transcription assays, we observed recombinant DksA inhibits RpoD-dependent transcription by B. burgdorferi RNA polymerase independent of ppGpp. Additionally, we determined the pH-inducible expression of RpoS-dependent genes relies on DksA, but this relationship is independent of (p)ppGpp produced by Relbbu. Subsequent transcriptomic and western blot assays indicate DksA regulates the expression of BBD18, a protein previously implicated in the post-transcriptional regulation of RpoS. Moreover, we observed DksA was required for infection of mice following intraperitoneal inoculation or for transmission of B. burgdorferi by Ixodes scapularis nymphs. Together, these data suggest DksA plays a central role in coordinating transcriptional responses in B. burgdorferi required for infectivity through DksA’s interactions with RNA polymerase and post-transcriptional control of RpoS.

scholarly journals Modular transcriptional programs separately define axon and dendrite connectivity

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yerbol Z Kurmangaliyev ◽  
Juyoun Yoo ◽  
Samuel A LoCascio ◽  
S Lawrence Zipursky
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Synaptic Connectivity ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Neuronal Connectivity ◽  
Cell Surface Proteins ◽  
Single Cell Rna Sequencing ◽  
Single Cell Profiling

Patterns of synaptic connectivity are remarkably precise and complex. Single-cell RNA sequencing has revealed a vast transcriptional diversity of neurons. Nevertheless, a clear logic underlying the transcriptional control of neuronal connectivity has yet to emerge. Here, we focused on Drosophila T4/T5 neurons, a class of closely related neuronal subtypes with different wiring patterns. Eight subtypes of T4/T5 neurons are defined by combinations of two patterns of dendritic inputs and four patterns of axonal outputs. Single-cell profiling during development revealed distinct transcriptional programs defining each dendrite and axon wiring pattern. These programs were defined by the expression of a few transcription factors and different combinations of cell surface proteins. Gain and loss of function studies provide evidence for independent control of different wiring features. We propose that modular transcriptional programs for distinct wiring features are assembled in different combinations to generate diverse patterns of neuronal connectivity.

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