UV/VIS Characterization and FT-IR Analysis of Harmattan Dust across Sub-Sahara Region of Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Keyword(s):  
Dust Particles ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Trade Wind ◽  
North East ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
Suspended Dust ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Light Absorbance

Abstract: The suspended dust particles that blow across Nigeria as a result of north-east trade wind emanating from the Sahara desert annually are locally referred to as Harmattan. Suspended dust samples were collected across ten different stations in Nigeria; namely: Maiduguri (11º49'N, 13º09'E), Potiskum (11º43'N, 11º02'E), Bauchi (10º17'N, 09º 48'E), Jos (9º55'N, 8º55'E), Lafia (08º49'N, 07º50'E), Abuja (09º09'N, 07º11'E), Minna (9º36'N, 06º35'E), Ilorin (8º36'N, 4º 35'E), Oyo (8º12'N, 3º42'E) and Iwo (7º63'N, 4º19'E) and analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The quantitative, qualitative and optical characterization analyses were carried out on all the samples collected across all the stations considered, in order to obtain the functional groups and some elements present in the samples. The FT-IR spectra peaks show that the transmittance waveband from 3337.8 cm-1 to 3291.2 cm-1 corresponds to the Hydroxyl group, H-bonded OH stretch in plane and out of plane bonds for all the stations considered. These bonds represent the presence of transition metals and unsaturated bonds found in the samples, which include K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, As, Zr, Pb, V, Sr, Cr and Ce. The samples collected across all stations have maximum UV absorbance peaks at around 210 nm waveband and weak visible light absorbance peaks (orange – red spectra) around 620 nm and 700 nm. The study concluded that the transmittance waveband, the waveband absorbance peaks and the elemental composition of the dust samples analyzed vary from station to station. This study will however recommend that further study be made for the purpose of environmental awareness. Keywords: Harmattan, Particles, FT-IR, UV, Dust.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HEXAMETHYLENE TETRAMINE (HMTA) CAPPED CdS NANOPARTICLES BY HYDROTHERMAL METHOD

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
pp. 441-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. KARL CHINNU ◽  
L. SARAVANAN ◽  
R. JAYAVEL ◽  
C. M. RAGHAVAN ◽  
K. VIJAI ANAND ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Cadmium Acetate ◽  
Cds Nanoparticles ◽  
Cubic Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hexamethylene Tetramine ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
Uv Visible

Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles have been synthesized by hydrothermal method using cadmium acetate, thiosemicarbazide, and sodium hydroxide as precursors with hexamethylene tetramine as the surfactant. From the X-ray diffraction analysis, it is observed that synthesized CdS nanoparticles show cubic phase. The presence of HMTA in CdS was confirmed by FT-IR analysis. The bandgap value of CdS nanostructure has been estimated by DRS–UV-Visible spectral analysis. The formation of flower-like nanoclusters was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The application of CdS nanoparticles in photocatalytic degradation was also studied.

scholarly journals Thermal and Photoresponsive Studies of Starch Modified with 2-(5-(4-Dimethylamino-benzylidine)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl)acetic Acid

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambily Chandran ◽  
Sunny Kuriakose ◽  
Tessymol Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Light Absorption ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Polymeric System ◽  
System 2 ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

The present study describes the synthesis of a chromophoric system 2-(5-(4-dimethylamino-benzylidin)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl)acetic acid and its incorporation into starch through esterification of the hydroxyl group by the free carboxyl function of the chromophoric system by DCC coupling. The products were characterized by UV-visible, fluorescence, FT-IR, and NMR spectroscopic methods. The newly developed system was subjected to photoresponsive studies such as light absorption, light stabilization and fluorescence emission. The free chromophoric system and the coupled product were also subjected to thermal analysis. The results show that modification enhances the light absorption and light fastening properties of the chromophoric system. Thermal stability of the polymeric system greatly enhances on attaching the chromophoric system. In view of these results the newly developed system is proposed as a nature friendly, green, and photoactive product which could find application in dyes, inks, paints, and so forth.

Hydrolyzation of Edible Starches: Their Preparations and Properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 875 ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Singan Grace ◽  
Kang Chiang Liew
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Absorption Test ◽  
Native Starch ◽  
Hydrolysis Method ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis

Starch is the most important polysaccharide and has become the major component of many food industries as well as textile, paper, cosmetic and certain industries that engage in adhesive, thickening, stiffening and gelling agents. However, native starch has limited function and therefore is recommended to modify its physical and chemical properties to meet the consumers’ needs. In this study, the native starch was chemically modified to determine its behavior and characteristics after using hydrolysis process of acid hydrolysis method. There were three types of starch that has been studied - potato, cassava and corn. These starches undergone hydrolysis process using hydrochloric acid and their characteristics were determinedthrough moisture absorption test and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis. For moisture absorption test, hydrolyzed starch tends to absorb more surrounding moisture than native starch. This behavior resulted from the increase of hydrophilic character of starch after being modified. The FT-IR analysis shows that hydrolyzed starch content got more hydroxyl group than the native starch due to the breakdown of hydrogen bond between the starch molecules after the acid hydrochloric treatment.

FT-IR Analysis of Molecular Structure Evolvement of Poly(Ether urethanes) in Ozone Atmosphere

2013 ◽  
Vol 742 ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Yan Wang ◽  
Yu Wen Liu ◽  
Ji Feng Tian ◽  
Bin Sun ◽  
Shi Jie Huang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Carbonyl Group ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Failure Behavior ◽  
Ozone Oxidation ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis

The failure behavior of Poly (ether urethanes) in ozone atmosphere was investigated by FTIR, UV-Vis spectra and SEM analysis. It is found that some oxygen-containing groups such as the hydroxyl group and the carbonyl group increase first and then slightly decrease with the ozone oxidation time and the carbohydryl and ether bonds decrease slowly. After oxidation by ozone, the polyurethane molecule chains break on C-O in ether and urethane groups instead of chain crosslinking. In addition, ozone oxidization increases the color difference and lowers the UV light transparence of polyurethane.

Size-Controlled Synthesis of Hyperbranched Polymer Protected Gold Nanoparticles

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 2112-2115
Author(s):  
De Suo Zhang ◽  
Hong Lin ◽  
Yu Yue Chen
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Hyperbranched Polymer ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Controlled Synthesis ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Size Controlled ◽  
Nanoparticles Dispersions ◽  
Hyperbranched Polyamide

Gold nanoparticles dispersions were prepared by hyperbranched polyamide (HB-PA) in aqueous solution without additional reducing agents. The prepared gold nanoparticles/polymer composites were characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometer, TEM and HPPS. The size of the synthesized gold nanoparticles decreases with the increase of the molar ratio of nitrogen in HB-PA to Au atoms. EDS, XRD as well as XPS were further employed to verify these particles were indeed metallic gold nanoparticles and FT-IR analysis showed the interaction between gold nanoparticles and polymers. These techniques indicated the tunability of the size of gold nanoparticles by HB-PA which can also serves as a layer of protection for them.

Research on Some Aromatic Schiff Base Compounds and Metal Complexes with Different Substituted Groups

2011 ◽  
Vol 474-476 ◽  
pp. 1523-1528
Author(s):  
Ti Feng Jiao ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Li Hua Gao ◽  
Jing Xin Zhou ◽  
Yuan Yuan Xing
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Schiff Base ◽  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Imino Group ◽  
Schiff Base Derivatives ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis

Two aromatic Schiff base derivatives and the corresponding metal complexes with different substituted groups were synthesized and characterized by many methods. The products were characterized by UV-Vis spectra, FT-IR spectra and thermal analysis, while the thermal stability was measured by TG-DTA instrument. FT-IR analysis indicated that the nitrogen atom in imino group and oxygen atom in phenolic hydroxyl group participated in coordinating with transition metal ion in different bridged mode. UV spectra also verified that different coordination modes can be performed between metal ions and ligands. In addition, the thermal stability of metal complexes had been obviously superior to that of the ligands. All results give a useful clue to obtain Schiff base derivatives with versatile property by regulating intramolecular substituted group and species of metal ion. The present results have showed potential application in fields of functional material and catalyst.

scholarly journals Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles from Magnolia Champaca Floral Extract and its Antioxidant & Toxicity Assay using Danio Rerio

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 5444-5449 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Copper Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Cuo Nanoparticles ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Analytical Strategies ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
Uv Visible

The biosynthesis of copper oxide (GS-CuO) nanoparticles utilizing Magnolia champaca floral extract was studied, where the Magnolia champaca was used for the reduction of precurosor to elemental CuO nanopartciles which also provides stabilization. Physiochemical properties of GS-CuO nanoparticles were described utilizing analytical strategies like UV-Vis, XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, Zeta potential and DLS analysis. The UV-Visible spectrum gave maximum absorbance in the scale of 250-350 nm. The biosynthesized GS-CuO was crystallite in nature and it was investigated by XRD and was verified with JCPDS NO: 89-589. FT-IR analysis spectrum at 3302 cm-1 is assigned for alcoholic hydroxide group, 1022 cm-1 correspondings to CH3 shaking vibration respectively. The morphology of biosynthesized nanoparticles was between 20 to 40 nm and spherical shape was investigated utilizing TEM. The antoxidant potentiality of GS-CuO was evaluated by DPPH, ABST test, that demonstrated inhibition values at 76.30% and 66.46% respectively. Toxicity quality examination was performed utilizing morphological investigation, incubating, and viability rate examination on zebrafish embryonic model. The toxicity quality assessment with zebrafish uncovered organ advancement with various viability and hatching speed at 48 and 72 hpf with LC50 of 500 ± 15 mg/L.

scholarly journals Annona Squamosa Leaf Extract as an Efficient Bioreducing Agent in the Synthesis of Chromium and Nickel Nanoparticles

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon A. Mamuru ◽  
Abubakar S. Bello ◽  
Saminu B. Hamman
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Nickel Nanoparticles ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Colour Changes ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
Uv Visible

Biosynthesis is one of the rapid, reliable, and eco-friendly routes for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles in areas of nanotechnology research. The synthesis of chromium and nickel nanoparticles using Annona squamosa leaf extracts at neutral pH was studied. The formed metal nanoparticles were confirmed by colour changes from colourless to dark brown and it was characterized using UV-visible and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. UV-visible spectrums of the aqueous medium containing the metal nanoparticles show a surface Plasmon resonance at 285 nm. FT-IR analysis reveals that phytochemical groups of aromatic amine character might be responsible for the reduction to metal nanoparticles.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(2): 167-169 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.11651 

Polarized microbeam FT-IR analysis of single fibers

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 206-207
Author(s):  
Liling Cho ◽  
David L. Wetzel
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Orientation ◽  
Transition Point ◽  
Polymer Fibers ◽  
Single Fiber ◽  
Wire Grid ◽  
Polyester Fibers ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Wire Grid Polarizer

Polarized infrared microscopy has been used for forensic purposes to differentiate among polymer fibers. Dichroism can be used to compare and discriminate between different polyester fibers, including those composed of polyethylene terephthalate that are frequently encountered during criminal casework. In the fiber manufacturering process, fibers are drawn to develop molecular orientation and crystallinity. Macromolecular chains are oriented with respect to the long axis of the fiber. It is desirable to determine the relationship between the molecular orientation and stretching properties. This is particularly useful on a single fiber basis. Polarized spectroscopic differences observed from a single fiber are proposed to reveal the extent of molecular orientation within that single fiber. In the work presented, we compared the dichroic ratio between unstretched and stretched polyester fibers, and the transition point between the two forms of the same fiber. These techniques were applied to different polyester fibers. A fiber stretching device was fabricated for use on the instrument (IRμs, Spectra-Tech) stage. Tension was applied with a micrometer screw until a “neck” was produced in the stretched fiber. Spectra were obtained from an area of 24×48 μm. A wire-grid polarizer was used between the source and the sample.

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