scholarly journals Rules on Home Office Work and Telework in Romania and in Hungary

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-191
Author(s):  
Magdolna Vallasek ◽  
Gábor Mélypataki
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
Office Work ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Home Office ◽  
Central European ◽  
Unexpected Effect ◽  
Social Partners

Pandemic crisis management requires new solutions that are not necessarily workable options in the traditional labour market. It is not about starting from scratch but about bringing to the fore legal institutions that have not been significant so far. This has had an unexpected effect on the labour law of Central European countries, as social partners fundamentally distrust atypical forms of work. This situation is also true for Romania and Hungary. In our study, we do not intend to present all forms, but only the two most important legal instruments in the labour market shaped by the pandemic; we analyse teleworking and home office work.

Digital collaborative platforms: A challenge for both the legislator and the social partners in the Nordic model

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annamaria Westregård
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
New Economy ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Collective Agreements ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
Security Regulations

This paper focuses on the specific problems in the labour and social security legislation as it relates to crowdworkers in the digitalised new economy, analysing their place in labour market, and especially in the collective agreements which are the standard means of regulating working conditions in the Nordic model. Sweden has a binary system where a performing party is as either an employee or self-employed. The law on working and employment conditions offers only limited protection to those on short, fixed-term contracts; instead, it is social partners that have improved crowdworkers’ conditions in some industries by using collective bargaining. However, there are no collective agreements in the digital economy, or indeed for platform entrepreneurs. The complications of the parties’ positions will be analysed, especially as platforms do not consider themselves to be employers, but rather coordinators of the self-employed. It is not only labour law regulations that are important to prevent precariat among crowdworkers. It is also very important that the social security regulations adapt to the new labour market as the social security legislation is an important part of the Nordic model.

scholarly journals The floor of rights in European labour law

1970 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Deakin
Keyword(s):  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Labour Market Flexibility ◽  
European Labour Law ◽  
The Way

Most European countries have legislated to provide a basic floor of rights which underpins collective bargaining. This article reviews the experiences of the major European countries and examines the way that the floor of rights is being extended. It also discusses the floor of rights in the context of the search for labour market flexibility.

scholarly journals A munkaerő-piaci szereplők által tapasztalt foglalkoztatási kihívások a koronavírus-járvány idején

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Pirohov-Tóth ◽  
Zsuzsanna Dr. Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Consumer Society ◽  
Office Work ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Home Office ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Independent Work ◽  
The Unemployed

A koronavírus-járvány megjelenése sokként érte fogyasztói társadalmunkat. Egyik napról a másikra radikálisan átalakította felgyorsult életünket. Az egészségügyi kockázatok csökkentése, valamint a gazdaság összeomlásának elkerülése érdekében olyan változásokat követelt meg a munkáltatóktól és a munkavállalóktól egyaránt, melyre korábban még nem volt példa. A bevezetett kényszerintézkedések jelentős hatást gyakoroltak a foglalkoztatottság alakulására is; a munkanélküliek száma megemelkedett, az otthoni munkavégzés általánossá vált, a pályaelhagyók aránya nőtt, a külföldön munkát vállaló személyek száma pedig csökkent a krízis előtti időszakhoz képest. A digitális transzformáció nyújtotta lehetőségek és eszközök nemcsak az otthoni munkavégzés során bizonyultak hatékonynak, hozzájárultak az online oktatás megvalósításához, a kapcsolatok ápolásához és az online szolgáltatások (pl. vásárlás, rekreációs tevékenységek) térnyeréséhez is. A témában való elmélyülés érdekében hazai (Szellő 2020, Józsa 2018, Nemeskéri et al. 2016) és nemzetközi (Statista 2020, Gajendran- Harrison 2007, Caseli-Coleman 2006) szakirodalmi forráselemezést végzünk, valamint az elérhető statisztikai adatokat (ÁSZ, KSH, NFSZ) elemezzük, az eredményeket összevetjük egy korábbi, home office témakörben lefolytatott saját kérdőíves vizsgálat (Pirohov-Tóth, 2020) eredményeivel. Az online adatfelvétel 2020. május 25-től június 1-ig zajlott 321 fő bevonásával. Elemzésünkben a kérdőív adatai segítségével statisztikai elemzést végzünk annak érdekében, hogy a feltárt munkaerő-piaci problémák megoldására átfogó, komplex foglalkoztatást segítő javaslatokat tudjunk kidolgozni. A jövőben – a foglalkoztatottság növelés érdekében ‒ szükségessé válik a megváltozott munkaerő-piaci igényeknek megfelelő átképzések biztosítása a munkával nem rendelkezők számára, ahol lehetőségük nyílik az új készségek (kreativitás, önálló munkavégzés, rugalmasság, gyors alkalmazkodás) elsajátítására is. Hazánk gazdasági visszarendeződése és a foglalkoztatás újbóli fellendítése érdekében pedig szükségessé válik a munkaerő-piaci szereplők szoros együttműködése, valamint az állam által nyújtott lehetőségek igénybevétele. The coronavirus pandemic has had a shocking effect on our consumer society. From one day to another, it has changed our accelerated lives radically. To reduce health risks and to avoid economic collapse, it demanded both the employers and the employees to make changes that were formerly unprecedented.  The forced measures taken exerted a significant impact on employment, as well; the number of the unemployed has increased, home office work has become general, the rate of career changers has grown and the number of those working abroad has lowered as compared to the period before the crisis.  The possibilities and tools offered by digital transformation have proved to be effective not only in home office work but have contributed to implementing online education, keeping contacts and the spread of online services (e.g. shopping or recreation activities), as well. To search deeper in the topic, we have made a source analysis of the domestic (Szellő 2020, Józsa 2018, Nemeskéri et al. 2016) and the international (Statista 2020, Gajendran- Harrison 2007, Caseli-Coleman 2006) literature, have analysed the available statistical data (ÁSZ, KSH, NFSZ), and have compared the results to the outcomes of an own query research (Pirohov-Tóth, 2020) implemented earlier in the home office topic. Online data collection was implemented between May 25 2020 and June 1 with the involvement of 321 persons. Using the data gained from the query, we made an analysis in order to become able to elaborate proposals supporting complex employment that could solve the revealed labour market problems. To enhance employment, in the future it will be necessary to provide re-trainings meeting the labour market demands for the unemployed where they can acquire new skills (creativity, independent work, flexibility, rapid adaption etc.), as well. To support the economic recovery of our country and to re-boost employment, the tight cooperation of labour market participants and the utilization of possibilities offered by the state will be inevitable.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: A Case of Central Europe

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3415
Author(s):  
Bartosz Jóźwik ◽  
Antonina-Victoria Gavryshkiv ◽  
Phouphet Kyophilavong ◽  
Lech Euzebiusz Gruszecki
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Central European ◽  
Long Run

The rapid economic growth observed in Central European countries in the last thirty years has been the result of profound political changes and economic liberalization. This growth is partly connected with reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. However, the problem of CO2 emissions seems to remain unresolved. The aim of this paper is to test whether the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis holds true for Central European countries in an annual sample data that covers 1995–2016 in most countries. We examine cointegration by applying the Autoregressive Distributed Lag bound testing. This is the first study examining the relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth in individual Central European countries from a long-run perspective, which allows the results to be compared. We confirmed the cointegration, but our estimates confirmed the EKC hypothesis only in Poland. It should also be noted that in all nine countries, energy consumption leads to increased CO2 emissions. The long-run elasticity ranges between 1.5 in Bulgaria and 2.0 in Croatia. We observed exceptionally low long-run elasticity in Estonia (0.49). Our findings suggest that to solve the environmental degradation problem in Central Europe, it is necessary to individualize the policies implemented in the European Union.

For the Victims of Pseudo-Medical Experiments

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (104) ◽  
pp. 646-647
Keyword(s):  
International Committee ◽  
Second World War ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
World War ◽  
Central European ◽  
Medical Experiments ◽  
Second World

Twenty-five years after the second World War, the International Committee of the Red Cross is still dealing with claims for compensation from people living in certain Central European countries who were victims of pseudo-medical experiments in German concentration camps.

scholarly journals Nordic, Italian, and German Drinking Habits: A Comparison between Surveys Made since the 1980s

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 14-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sari Hanhinen
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Central European ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Drinking Frequency

This article compares Nordic drinking habit surveys and their results — a comparison previously done in 1988. It includes all the main surveys regarding drinking habits of the adult population in the Nordic countries since 1988. In addition the analysis takes in Italy and Germany. Drinking habits are described and compared on four dimensions: the share of abstainers and drinkers, overall drinking frequency, the volume of alcohol consumption, and heavy drinking and drinking for intoxication. The study highlights the difficulties inherent in the international comparison of drinking habits. The results indicate that even though the changes in beverage preferences imply a homogenization of drinking patterns, the homogenization hypothesis proves to be wrong when comparing the results concerning the shares of abstainers, drinking frequencies or distribution of alcohol consumption between women and men. Denmark still differs from the rest of the Nordic countries in these respects, being closer to central European countries like Germany. In the other Nordic countries traditional drinking patterns seem to persist despite the changes in beverage preferences. Closest to Denmark and central European countries stands Finland, where drinking frequency has been rising and where more alcohol is consumed than in Sweden, Norway and Iceland. Looking at the previous comparison of Nordic drinking habits, it can be concluded that drinking habits are very open to changes.

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