CLAY AS A SUBSTRATUM MATERIAL FOR MICROALGAE BIOFILM CULTIVATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
EZEQUIEL HANSEL ◽  
Alice Costa Kiperstok ◽  
Rodrigo Gomes Guimaraes ◽  
Emerson Andrade Sales
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Complete Separation ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Wood Sawdust ◽  
Liquid Culture Medium ◽  
Initial Results ◽  
Co2 Addition

The production of microalgae faces several obstacles. The bioreactors and processes used today in microalgae cultivation are expensive or lack optimization to scale up. Furthermore, harvesting, concentrating and dewatering, while using a cheap and suitable photobioreactor are the main problems that we need to be overcome to achieve viability in the process. The Clay Ceramic Bioreactor (CCBR) was built using only clay and wood sawdust and was designed to grow an immobilized microalgal biofilm while having almost complete separation from the liquid culture medium, reducing the consumption of water and energy. Results showed that the wood sawdust particle size should be sifted in a mesh size 10 and mixed in a proportion of 33% of sawdust and 67% of red clay and a maximum firing temperature of 900oC. Maximum dry biomass production of 3.71 g.m-2.d-1 was achieved within 7 days of cultivation, with no CO2 addition and a low light intensity of 45 µmol.m?2.s?1. The biomass was harvested through simple scraping. Initial results indicate a great potential for the use of clay as substratum and further tests should be carried out to scale up and optimize microalgae production,

CLAY AS A SUBSTRATUM MATERIAL FOR MICROALGAE BIOFILM CULTIVATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
EZEQUIEL HANSEL ◽  
Alice Costa Kiperstok ◽  
Rodrigo Gomes Guimaraes ◽  
Emerson Andrade Sales
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Complete Separation ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Wood Sawdust ◽  
Liquid Culture Medium ◽  
Initial Results ◽  
Co2 Addition

The production of microalgae faces several obstacles. The bioreactors and processes used today in microalgae cultivation are expensive or lack optimization to scale up. Furthermore, harvesting, concentrating and dewatering, while using a cheap and suitable photobioreactor are the main problems that we need to be overcome to achieve viability in the process. The Clay Ceramic Bioreactor (CCBR) was built using only clay and wood sawdust and was designed to grow an immobilized microalgal biofilm while having almost complete separation from the liquid culture medium, reducing the consumption of water and energy. Results showed that the wood sawdust particle size should be sifted in a mesh size 10 and mixed in a proportion of 33% of sawdust and 67% of red clay and a maximum firing temperature of 900oC. Maximum dry biomass production of 3.71 g.m-2.d-1 was achieved within 7 days of cultivation, with no CO2 addition and a low light intensity of 45 µmol.m?2.s?1. The biomass was harvested through simple scraping. Initial results indicate a great potential for the use of clay as substratum and further tests should be carried out to scale up and optimize microalgae production,

Analytical studies on the shoot apex of Helianthus annuus

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1367-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Steeves ◽  
M. Anne Hicks ◽  
J. M. Naylor ◽  
Patricia Rennie
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Liquid Culture Medium ◽  
Vegetative Shoot Apex

The vegetative shoot apex of Helianthus annuus contains a central zone in which the cell nuclei are relatively large and stain faintly in the Feulgen reaction. Excised apices in the vegetative state were supplied with thymidine-H3 through their sterile, liquid culture medium. Autoradiography after 24 or 48 hours of feeding revealed no significant incorporation of the labeled precursor into central zone nuclei, but extensive incorporation in peripheral regions of the apex. It is concluded that during vegetative growth deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis and mitosis are arrested in the central zone or reduced to an extremely slow rate. Microspectrophotometry, however, indicates that the central zone nuclei are not held at the 2C level. With the onset of flowering, cytological zonation disappears in the apex and the incorporation of thymidine-H3 is uniformly heavy throughout the apical region.

Isolation of previously uncultured rumen bacteria by dilution to extinction using a new liquid culture medium

2011 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikki Kenters ◽  
Gemma Henderson ◽  
Jeyamalar Jeyanathan ◽  
Sandra Kittelmann ◽  
Peter H. Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Liquid Culture Medium

The Cultivation of the Pituitary of Infantile Rats by the Glass-Rod Technique and the Influence of Grafted Explants on the Growth of Hypophysectomized Hosts

Development ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-25
Author(s):  
Petar N. Martinovitch
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Chicken Embryo ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Embryo Extract ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Initial Results

Just before the last war we made our first attempts to cultivate the anterior pituitary of rats and mice (Martinovitch, 1940). In those preliminary experiments we used pituitaries of animals 1 to 6 months old, and the culture medium was composed of chicken plasma and chicken embryo extract in equal proportions. The explants were grown by the watchglass technique and the incubating temperature was 33° to 34° C. Under these conditions some of our cultures survived for several months. Two months old cultures were grafted in the anterior eye chamber of normal animals and some of these grafts were successfully established. These initial results, and those obtained by Gaillard (1937,1942), seemed sufficiently promising to justify further research. Earlier work in vitro on the pituitary gland, e.g. the papers of Kasahara (1936), Anderson & Haymaker (1937), and Cutting & Lewis (1938), dealt mainly with unorganized growth.

Mesodermal expansion after arrest of the edge in the area vasculosa of the chick

Development ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-188
Author(s):  
J. M. Augustine
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Culture Dish ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Semisolid Medium ◽  
Area Vasculosa ◽  
Liquid Culture Medium ◽  
Outward Migration ◽  
Migration Of Cells

To investigate whether mesodermal expansion in the area vasculosa is caused by tension produced by outward migration of cells either in the somatic mesoderm or at the mesodermal edge on an ectodermal substratum, stage 18–20 embryos were transferred to a culture dish. There mesodermal expansion proximal to an arrested edge could be compared with that proximal to a moving edge by measuring the amount of vascular elongation occurring in each. A proximo-distal gradient in vascular elongation rate was detected both in normal embryos in ovo and in explants. This gradient was reversed following arrest of the edge, and the rate of vascular elongation proximal to the arrested edge decreased to 60–70 % of that proximal to a moving edge. Nearly all of the mesoderm producing this expansion was located in the proximal two-thirds of the area vasculosa, where vascular elongation rate on the stopped side of the explant was not significantly different from that on the moving side. Similar results were obtained in the absence of the ectoderm, and when liquid culture medium was used instead of semisolid medium. It is concluded that tensile force derived from mesodermal migration plays no role in expansion of the proximal two-thirds of the area vasculosa mesoderm.

scholarly journals Antibiofilm Activity of an Experimental Ricinus Communis Dentifrice on Soft Denture Liners

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurício Malheiros Badaró ◽  
Vanessa Maria Fagundes Leite-Fernandes ◽  
Luciano Trevisan Martin ◽  
Viviane de Cássia Oliveira ◽  
Evandro Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Liquid Culture Medium ◽  
Denture Liners

Abstract The disadvantage of liners materials is the difficulty of biofilm control. It was compared an experimental dentifrice contained Ricinus communis, with commercials dentifrices as antibiofilm activity against microorganisms on denture liner. Six hundred specimens were distributed in 5 groups (n=18/ microorganism): water; experimental dentifrice; specific dentifrice for denture and two conventional dentifrices against C. albicans; C. glabrata; S. mutans; S. aureus; E. coli. Each group had a negative (n=5; without contamination) and positive control (n=15/ microorganism; without cleaning). The antibiofilm activity was evaluated by the method of biofilm formation in triplicate. The specimens were contaminated in a standard way and incubated. After that, manual brushing was performed (60 s), washed with PBS, immersed in liquid culture medium for resuspension and sowing in solid medium. The results (mean of triplicates) were expressed in CFU/mL. The data was submitted to Shapiro-Wilk, ANOVA and Tukey test (p<0.05). The specific dentifrice (1.27±1.20) was the most effective against S. mutans, followed by conventional (Trihydral, 3.13±0.88; Colgate, 2.16±2.02) and experimental (3.81±1.37) dentifrices, which were similar to each other (p=0.008). All of them were different from water (4.79±1.42). The specific (0.21±0.21) and experimental (0.36±0.25) dentifrices were similar against S. aureus, with a higher mean of CFU when compared to conventional (Colgate, 0.06±0.13), which was more efficient (p=0.000). For C. albicans, C. glabrata and E. coli, all dentifrices were similar to water (p=0.186). It was concluded, that the experimental dentifrice was effective against S. aureus and had not efficacy against Candida spp.; S. mutans; E. coli, as occurred with the commercials dentifrices.

Fate of Safening Agent L-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-Carboxylic Acid in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Hilton ◽  
Parthasarathy Pillai ◽  
Helen A. Norman
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
Thiol Compounds ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Herbicide Safener ◽  
Liquid Culture Medium ◽  
Germinating Seeds

The herbicide safener OTC (L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid) increased the amount of reduced thiol compounds in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench. ‘DK 427′] seedlings. When seedlings were grown in liquid culture medium containing35S-OTC, the compound was metabolized to radiolabeled cysteine and glutathione. The addition of tridiphane [2-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl)oxirane] increased conversion of35S-OTC to cysteine and resulted in the formation of one additional35S-labeled compound. When35S-glutathione was injected into germinating seeds it was converted to35S-cysteine and both thiols were subsequently found in roots and shoots. Seeds injected with35S-OTC both translocated the compound to developing roots and shoots and metabolized35S-OTC to cysteine and glutathione. Excised roots and shoots also metabolized35S-OTC to the thiols. In an in vitro assay the enzyme 5-oxoprolinase converted OTC to cysteine.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF TRYPSIN FROM TRYPSINOGEN BY AN ENZYME PRODUCED BY A MOLD OF THE GENUS PENICILLIUM

1938 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kunitz
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Acid Medium ◽  
Experimental Error ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Crystalline Form ◽  
Liquid Culture Medium ◽  
Autocatalytic Activation

1. A powerful kinase which changes trypsinogen to trypsin was found to be present in the synthetic liquid culture medium of a mold of the genus Penicillium. 2. The concentration of kinase in the medium is increased gradually during the growth of the mold organism and continues to increase for some time even after the mold has ceased growing. 3. Mold kinase transforms trypsinogen to trypsin only in an acid medium. It differs thus from enterokinase and trypsin which activate trypsinogen best in a slightly alkaline medium. 4. The action of the mold kinase in the process of transformation of trypsinogen is that of a typical enzyme. The process follows the course of a catalytic unimolecular reaction, the rate of formation of a definite amount of trypsin being proportional to the concentration of kinase added. The ultimate amount of trypsin formed, however, is independent of the concentration of kinase used. 5. The formation of trypsin from trypsinogen by mold kinase is not accompanied by any measurable loss of protein. 6. The temperature coefficient of formation of trypsin from trypsinogen by mold kinase varies from Q5–15 = 1.70 to Q25–30 = 1.25 with a corresponding variation in the value of µ from 8100 to 4250. 7. Trypsin formed from trypsinogen by means of mold kinase is identical in crystalline form with the crystalline trypsin obtained by spontaneous autocatalytic activation of trypsinogen at pH 8.0. The two products have within the experimental error the same solubility and specific activity. A solution saturated with the crystals of either one of the trypsin preparations does not show any increase in protein concentration or activity when crystals of the other trypsin preparation are added. 8. The Penicillium mold kinase has a slight activating effect on chymo-trypsinogen the rate being only 1–2 per cent of that of trypsinogen. The activation, as in the case of trypsinogen, takes place only in an acid medium. 9. Mold kinase is rapidly destroyed when brought to pH 6.5 or higher, and also when heated to 70°C. In the temperature range of 50–60°C. the inactivation of kinase follows a unimolecular course with a temperature coefficient of Q10 = 12.1 and µ = 53,500. The molecular weight of mold kinase, as determined by diffusion, is 40,000.

Detection Method for Histamine-Producing, Dairy-Related Bacteria using Diamine Oxidase and Leucocrystal Violet

1989 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSAN S. SUMNER ◽  
STEVE L. TAYLOR
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Diamine Oxidase ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Color Formation ◽  
Liquid Culture Medium ◽  
Leucocrystal Violet ◽  
Purple Color

A detection method for histamine-producing, dairy-related bacteria was developed that involves a two-step sequential enzyme system. First, isolated bacteria are incubated in MRS broth or trypticase soy broth fortified with histidine. The histamine formed during this incubation period is reacted with diamine oxidase, which catalyzes the oxidation of histamine to form imidazole acetaldehyde, ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide is then detected by the formation of crystal violet from the leuco base in the presence of horseradish peroxidase. Liquid culture medium containing bacteria that produce greater than 1200 nmole histamine per ml will develop a positive purple color. Cultures containing bacteria that produce little or no histamine will not develop a purple color. Other amines often found in cheese, such as tyramine, cadaverine, or putrescine, will not interfere with the color formation.

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