MODERN TECHNOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MAKING SAUSAGE PRODUCTS WITH SMOKING WITH WET SMOKE AT HIGH TEMPERATURES

2020 ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
O. Germanovich
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Quality And Safety

The features of the modern technological process of making smoked sausage products are studied. In industrial conditions was carried out the adjustment of optimum modes of heat treatment of raw smoked sausages with Smoking with wet smoke at high temperatures was carried out. Studies of quality and safety indicators of manufactured samples were conducted. On the basis of the conducted research, a standard technological instruction is being developed for the production of raw smoked sausage products according to the technical conditions.

TECHNOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PRODUCTION OF BOILED-SMOKED SAUSAGE PRODUCTS AT THE MODERN STAGE

2020 ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
A. Meliashchenia ◽  
T. Demchina ◽  
K. Marchenko
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
State Standard ◽  
The State ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
Optimal Heat ◽  
Optimal Heat Treatment

The features of the modern technological process of manufacturing boiled-smoked sausages, including depending on the method of preparation of raw meat, on the type and diameter of the shell, the presence of secondary smoking, are studied. In industrial conditions, the established optimal heat treatment modes were tested according to two schemes, depending on the presence of secondary smoking. Investigations of quality and safety indicators of manufactured samples. Based on the studies, a standard technological instruction for the manufacture of cooked smoked sausages according to the state standard is being developed.

The Effect of Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Car Interior Fabric Used for Injection Molding

2012 ◽  
Vol 532-533 ◽  
pp. 234-237
Author(s):  
Wei Lai Chen ◽  
Ding Hong Yi ◽  
Jian Fu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Injection Molding ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Injection Molding Process ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Composite Fabrics

The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of high temperature in injection molding process on mechanical properties of the warp-knitted and nonwoven composite fabrics (WNC)used in car interior. Tensile, tearing and peeling properties of WNC fabrics were tested after heat treatment under120, 140,160,180°C respectively. It was found that, after 140°C heat treatment, the breaking and tearing value of these WNC fabrics are lower than others. The results of this study show that this phenomenon is due to the material properties of fabrics. These high temperatures have no much effect on peeling properties of these WNC fabrics. It is concluded that in order to preserve the mechanical properties of these WNC fabrics, the temperature near 140°C should be avoided possibly during injection molding process.

Preparation of Butadiene

1928 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-210
Author(s):  
Stanley Francis Birch
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Oil Gas

Abstract OF THE numerous methods available for the preparation of butadiene in the laboratory, those described by Thiele and by Ostromuislenskii are probably the most convenient. Both, however, suffer from the disadvantages which usually characterize operations at comparatively high temperatures; the exact conditions are difficult to find, the process is long and tedious, and finally involves the separation of the required material from a complex mixture. It has long been known that butadiene occurs in the various products obtained when oils are heated to a high temperature. Caventou first isolated butadiene in the form of its tetrabromide from illuminating gas, and Armstrong and Miller definitely established the presence of butadiene in the liquid obtained by compressing oil gas. The work of numerous later investigators has confirmed their results and has shown that the more drastic the heat treatment to which the oil is submitted the greater is the tendency for butadiene to be formed. For this reason vapor-phase cracking of petroleum, which is carried out at a much higher temperature than liquid-phase cracking, yields products specially rich in butadiene.

The influence of milk composition on pH and calcium activity measured in situ during heat treatment of reconstituted skim milk

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayani Chandrapala ◽  
Ian McKinnon ◽  
Mary Ann Augustin ◽  
Punsandani Udabage
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Complexing Agents ◽  
Calcium Activity ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Ph Decrease ◽  
Milk Solids

The pH and calcium activity of reconstituted skim milk solutions (9–21% w/w milk solids non-fat) on heating and after cooling were studied as a function of milk pH prior to heating (pH 6·2–7·2 at 25°C) and added calcium complexing agents (phosphate or EDTA). The pH decreased as the temperature was raised from 25 to 90°C and the magnitude of the pH decrease was greater with increase in initial pH at 25°C before heating or milk concentration. The pH decrease on heating from 25 to 90°C in skim milk solutions with added calcium complexing agents was lower than that of milk without the addition of these salts. The calcium activity decreased on heating from 25 to 60°C. The magnitude of the change decreased with increase in initial pH at 25°C before heating and milk concentration. The decrease in calcium activity on heating from 25 to 60°C for skim milk solutions with added calcium complexing agents was lower than that of milk solutions without the addition of calcium complexing agents. The changes in pH and calcium activity on heating milk were largely reversible after cooling the milk. The results suggested that the pH and calcium activity at high temperatures are a function of the milk composition. Knowledge of the initial pH prior to heating alone is not sufficient for predicting the changes that occur during heating.

Origin of the Hydrogen Absorbed by Incoherent TiC Particles in Iron

2005 ◽  
Vol 475-479 ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaneaki Tsuzaki ◽  
Fu Gao Wei
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Desorption ◽  
Hydrogen Absorption ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Trap Hydrogen ◽  
Thermal Desorption Spectrometry ◽  
Long Time

Hydrogen absorption of incoherent TiC particles that were once reported to be strong hydrogen traps in iron at room temperature was investigated by means of thermal desorption spectrometry (TDS). The results indicated that incoherent TiC particles in iron do not trap hydrogen at all at room temperature even they are cathodically charged for a long time. Only at high temperatures and in atmosphere containing hydrogen source, incoherent TiC particles can trap hydrogen. The origin of hydrogen trapped by incoherent TiC particles was justified to be water vapor in the atmosphere during heat treatment.

scholarly journals Thermal Resistance and Gene Expression of both Desiccation-Adapted and Rehydrated Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Cells in Aged Broiler Litter

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Chen ◽  
Xiuping Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Broiler Litter ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Trehalose Synthesis

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the thermal resistance and gene expression of both desiccation-adapted and rehydrated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium cells in aged broiler litter. S. Typhimurium was desiccation adapted in aged broiler litter with a 20% moisture content (water activity [aw], 0.81) for 1, 2, 3, 12, or 24 h at room temperature and then rehydrated for 3 h. As analyzed by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR), the rpoS, proV, dnaK, and grpE genes were upregulated (P < 0.05) under desiccation stress and could be induced after 1 h but in less than 2 h. Following rehydration, fold changes in the levels of these four genes became significantly lower (P < 0.05). The desiccation-adapted ΔrpoS mutant was less heat resistant at 75°C than was the desiccation-adapted wild type (P < 0.05), whereas there were no differences in heat resistance between desiccation-adapted mutants in two nonregulated genes (otsA and PagfD) and the desiccation-adapted wild type (P > 0.05). Survival characteristics of the desiccation-adapted ΔPagfD (rdar [red, dry, and rough] morphotype) and ΔagfD (saw [smooth and white] morphotype) mutants were similar (P > 0.05). Trehalose synthesis in the desiccation-adapted wild type was not induced compared to a nonadapted control (P > 0.05). Our results demonstrated the importance of the rpoS, proV, dnaK, and grpE genes in the desiccation survival of S. Typhimurium. By using an ΔrpoS mutant, we found that the rpoS gene was involved in the cross-protection of desiccation-adapted S. Typhimurium against high temperatures, while trehalose synthesis or rdar morphology did not play a significant role in this phenomenon. In summary, S. Typhimurium could respond rapidly to low-aw conditions in aged broiler litter while developing cross-protection against high temperatures, but this process could be reversed upon rehydration. IMPORTANCE Physical heat treatment is effective in eliminating human pathogens from poultry litter used as biological soil amendments. However, prior to physical heat treatment, some populations of microorganisms may be adapted to the stressful conditions in poultry litter during composting or stockpiling, which may cross-protect them against subsequent high temperatures. Our previous study demonstrated that desiccation-adapted S. enterica cells in aged broiler litter exhibited enhanced thermal resistance. However, there is limited research on the underlying mechanisms of the extended survival of pathogens under desiccation conditions in animal wastes and cross-tolerance to subsequent heat treatment. Moreover, no information is available about the thermal resistance of desiccation-adapted microorganisms in response to rehydration. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the gene expression and thermal resistance of both desiccation-adapted and rehydrated S. Typhimurium in aged broiler litter. This work will guide future research efforts to control human pathogens in animal wastes used as biological soil amendments.

The structures of the plagioclase felspars: VII. The heat treatment of intermediate plagioclases

1956 ◽  
Vol 31 (235) ◽  
pp. 306-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Gay ◽  
M. G. Bown
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Single Crystal Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

SummaryPrevious work has established that natural ‘low-temperature’ intermediate plagioclases show single-crystal diffraction patterns in which the subsidiary reflections are split into two; the separation of these split reflections appears to be dependent on the composition of the felspar. Several of these specimens have been subjected to varying heat treatments and their diffraction patterns examined.It is found that over the whole composition range the split subsidiary reflections have disappeared after treatment at high temperatures, and only the principal felspar reflections, which are characteristic of an albite-like structure, remain. Natural specimens initially showing anomalous patterns can also be homogenized in this way by suitable heat treatments. A careful study of the mode of disappearance shows that the separation of the subsidiary reflections is unchanged as long as they remain visible.The structural and petrological implications of this work are discussed.

APPLICATION OF HIGH-TECH ALUMINUM ALLOY V-1341 OF Al–Mg–Si SYSTEM FOR PIPELINES OF AIRCRAFT PRODUCTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
I. Benarieb ◽  
◽  
V.A. Romanenko ◽  
Yu.Yu. Klochkova ◽  
V.V. Ovchinnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Cold Worked ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

In this paper a task in developing of industrial production of cold-worked thin-walled tubes from high-tech aluminum alloy V-1341 of Al–Mg–Si system was accomplished. Tubes are purposed for application in hydraulic and air conditioning systems of aircraft products. Results of investigation of the structure and mechanical properties of tubes during their technological process and heat treatment are presented. Forming of tubes was performed and construction elements of pipelines were produced, which are identical to pipelines of commercial airplanes.

Behavior of Fuel and Structural Materials in Severely Damaged Reactors

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 93-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuaki Sato ◽  
Akira Krishima ◽  
Takayuki Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Oxidation Behavior ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Structural Materials ◽  
Zirconium Oxides ◽  
Solid Solution Sample ◽  
Fukushima Daiichi ◽  
Xrd Method

To study the fuel debris treatment at Fukushima Daiichi NPP, information on the behaviour of fuel and structural materials in severely damaged reactors, i.e., oxides and metals of uranium and zirconium is essential. Since sea water was introduced to the reactors, situation of fuel debris became different from that for TMI case. In this paper, phase relations of uranium and zirconium oxides were analyzed by powder XRD method at high temperatures. By the heat-treatment of the mixture of UO2 and ZrO2 (U:Zr=1:1) under 10 torr air, UO2 was oxidized to U3O8 over 800 oC, The UO2 like phase appeared again at 1350 oC which may be caused by the decomposition of U3O8. The oxidation behavior of the UO2-ZrO2 system was also investigated by using solid solution sample with different U/Zr ratios under different steam and oxygen pressures. The oxidation of the UO2-ZrO2 mixture seemed to be suppressed with decreasing U/Zr ratio. The behavior of fuel materials in the presence of seawater was also discussed as well as that for other structural materials.

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