scholarly journals Religious-ethical Framework of Islamic Economics

Adam alemi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
Nurzhan Stambakiyev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Scientist ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Fair Trading ◽  
Economic Equality ◽  
Ibn Khaldun ◽  
Economic Decisions ◽  
Ethics And Economics ◽  
Ethical Norms

The article studies relation between ethics and economics to what role moral and economic principles play in Islamic economics. The article includes introduction, two sections and conclusion. The first section discusses a relation between ethical norms and economics. We attempted to critically analyze moral and ethical norms proposed by the western economists such as Jean-Baptiste Say, Leon Walras, Alfred Marshal in XIX century. Muslim social scientist Ibn Khaldun and French thinker Jean-Jacques Rousseau proposed not to consider an individual only as economic unit but develop his other aspects and potential as part of their economic research. The second section considers how far ethical norms of Islamic economics were researched. The article emphasizes that norms and principles of Islamic economics derive from Quran and Sunnah, researches ethics of those economic principles. To be exact, we will determine that Islamic economics is based on fair trading, economic equality, property protection and scrutinize each that aspect. The research results will prove that moral and ethical norms play a crucial role in general economic science, ethical norms of Islamic economics consist an integral part of economic decisions and actions.

scholarly journals Transformation of Criteria for the Efficiency of Economic Activities of Countries in the Context of the Modern Model of Globalization

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Makarova ◽  
Vasilii Rudyakov
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Location ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
National Economies

Although macroeconomics as an independent economic science emerged only in the twen­tieth century, the first steps in developing the macroeconomic aspect of efficiency were taken several centuries earlier — beginning from the 16th — 17th centuries — at the pre-industrial stage of development of society. Due to the underdevelopment of the production sphere, the search for sources of growth in the efficiency of national economies at that time was mainly carried out from the most general economic positions — as an integral part of solving the main task of the economics of those eras — searching for ways and means of increasing the wealth of nations. At the same time, naturally, among the first were the climatic and foreign economic factors of increasing the efficiency of national economies. For example, factors related to identifying the advantages of various countries in a geographic location and the ability to solve their economic problems by using the most advantageous options for organizing and conducting foreign economic and trade relations. The transition of developed countries to new stages of development — industrial and postindustrial, as well as the selection by John M. Keynes of the new direction of economic research — macroeconomics, historically leads both to a deepening of the meaning of the very category of “macroeconomic efficiency” and to more detailed studies of factors affecting it.

scholarly journals NIKOLAY PROKOFYEVICH FEDORENKO: THE EXACT CALCULATION AND FORESIGHT

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
G. N. Yakovleva ◽  
B. F. Bogatikov ◽  
E. I. Khabarova
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Industry ◽  
National Economy ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article is devoted to the 100th anniversary of the birth of Nikolay Prokofyevich Fedorenko, a graduate of M.V. Lomonosov MITHT, a participant of the Great Patriotic War, the head of MITHT department for chemical industry economy (1951-1962), since 1953 to 1958 - the deputy director of MITHT for studies. N.P. Fedorenko is Doctor of Economics, professor, academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, member of the presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, academician-secretary of the Economy department of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, one of the main founders and the first director of the Central Economics and Mathematics Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1963-1985). N.P. Fedorenko was the most talented organizer of the economic science. He made a large contribution to the chemicalization of the national economy, to the application of modern mathematical methods and computing hardware for economic research, to the planning, management and studying of the theoretical and methodological bases of optimum performance of economy.

Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406): A Precursor of Intercivilizational Discourse

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-456
Author(s):  
YOLANDA GAMARRA
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Ibn Khaldun ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Islamic Economic ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractThis article shows how the political, historical, sociological, and economic narrative of Ibn Khaldun influenced the conjunction of elements that were essential to the civilizing language promoted by European and American liberals in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The ‘standard of civilization’ has experienced a revival among critical legal scholars. These authors have reconstructed a historical process of ‘rise, fall, and rise’ of the ‘standard of civilization’, identifying its reappearance in an era of globalization and global governance with the current existence of a (neo-)colonial paradigm in international law and a (neo-)liberal global economy. This study is divided into three parts intended to examine in depth the precursory role of this Islamic thinker in the shaping of civilizing language. The first part examines Ibn Khaldun's life as a way of understanding his thinking on civilization. The second part explores the influence of Ibn Khaldun's work on the discourse surrounding the standard of civilization, by reintroducing the interpretation of Rafael Altamira (1866–1951). The third starts with Ibn Khaldun's writings on economic science and Joseph Spengler's (1902–1991) approach to his works. Several Islamic economic institutions and their influence on the state and concept of international society are examined. The revival of Ibn Khaldun's thinking is partly intended to fill an existing gap in the studies of medieval Islamic theorists. By examining his ideas about the socio-political and economic viability of a dynasty (or a civilization or a state), this article attempts to shed light on the intercultural origins of international law.

scholarly journals Models of Financial Behavior of the Population in the Conditions of Nanoeconomics (Tax Aspect)

2020 ◽  
pp. 207-218
Author(s):  
Natalia Gorshkova ◽  
Victoria Ksenda
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Financial Behavior ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Behavior Strategies ◽  
Tax Deductions ◽  
Tax Payments ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

Modern economic science is developing dynamically under the influence of various factors. One of the new and relevant areas of economic research is nanoeconomics. Despite the relative novelty of this area of economic research, the foundations of theory and methodology have already been laid by a number of scientists. Nanoeconomics is defined as the individual’s economy and allows us to consider the determinants of its development, including the behavioral aspects of the individual directly affecting his economic activity. In the framework of this approach, the study of the individual’s financial behavior which directly affects the development of the financial system and the increase of country’s competitiveness becomes particularly relevant. The application of the institutional approach allows expanding the classification of financial behavior strategies adding a new type of tax behavior, which is defined as the individual behavior (incentive, protest, adaptive) associated with the obligation to pay taxes and fees, as well as the right to use tax deductions (property, social, investment). The analysis of the market of financial services, performance indicators of financial institutions, as well as tax payments and deductions shows that citizens think about their financial well-being and depending on various factors (psychological, sociological, economic, political) their financial behavior changes, which is confirmed by the analysis of statistical indicators.

Discourse and Development of Economic Knowledge

2003 ◽  
pp. 81-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kaz
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Statistical Distribution ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Economic Knowledge ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Normative Ethic ◽  
Discourse Practices ◽  
Discourse Formation

Mechanisms of transformation of knowledge in economic science are considered in the article. The author analyses the sphere of labor motivation in the Soviet political economy. He demonstrates the possibilities of statistical distribution analysis in studying discourse practices, reveals stages of development and mechanisms of discourse formation in the Soviet political economy. The question about the limits of the normative ethic approach in economic research is also risen in the article.

scholarly journals How Should We Respond to the Global Pandemic: The Need for Cultural Change

Challenges ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Ben Gray
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Normative Ethics ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
World War ◽  
Global Culture ◽  
World War 2 ◽  
Moral Failure ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Ethical Norms

The Covid pandemic has had a terrible effect on the world and government responses have been described as “Catastrophic Moral Failure”. The approach of bioethics of developing “normative ethics” has provided frameworks on how to act but despite the fact that we knew what to do to prevent the pandemic, we did not do it. In this paper I argue that ethics is culture bound: it is the stories that “we” live by. I illustrate this with examples of cultures with differing values that were developed as a result of the particular circumstances of those cultures. I then argue that after World War 2 in response to the risks of further large wars and atrocities, work was done to further establish a “global culture” and a detailed normative ethical framework was developed by negotiation through the United Nations for that “culture”. Whilst this approach has been necessary, it has not been sufficient. I argue that we need to reframe the approach as one of achieving cultural change rather than complying with ethical norms. Some societies that were unable to adapt to changed circumstances failed to survive, others failed to thrive. A similar fate awaits the whole planet if we cannot change the stories we live by.

scholarly journals FISCAL RESPONSES TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC THROUGH REDESIGNING OF CORPORATE INCOME TAX IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadranka Đurović-Todorović ◽  
Marina Đorđević ◽  
Milica Ristić-Cakić
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Economic Cycles ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Economic Decisions ◽  
Fiscal System ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

Corporate income tax (CIT) is a fundamental tool of the fiscal system due to its sensitivity to economic cycles and the impact it can have on the economic decisions of enterprises. Although the justification of corporate income tax has been called into question in the current academic literature, it is one of the tax forms that can be used to stabilize and develop the economy, especially after the crisis. For this reason, this paper provides an analysis of corporate income tax in Serbia. The paper will focus on reduced CIT rates and tax incentives. Our work aims to contribute to the literature in two aspects. The first is to provide evidence that it is necessary to carry out parametric reform of corporate income tax. Another is providing additional literature on the COVID-19 crisis to form the basis for further economic research.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC THEORY, STATE POLICY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 3-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mykhailo ZVERYAKOV ◽  
◽  
Andrii GRYMALYUK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Scientific Management ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Object Model ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Modern Development

Currently, Ukraine is in a kind of “bifurcation point”, which opens up the possibility of further historical movement in several mutually exclusive directions. Under these conditions, the importance of economic science, which is called upon to actively influence social choice by means of a theoretical justification of such a variant of the state economic strategy that would meet the objective needs of developing the country’s productive forces to the greatest extent, is sharply increasing. The main goal of the article is to use the categorical apparatus of economic theory to scientifically determine the contours of such an economic management model that could become an effective alternative to the old management system, which is the main cause of Ukraine’s economic failure. International practice has accumulated a critical mass of empirical material showing that under modern conditions the subject-object model of driven development is becoming dominant. Within the framework of this model, society, acting as a single collective subject, consciously uses the objective economic laws of capitalism to develop its productive forces. The success of volitional transformations beginning in our country will ultimately largely depend on whether they lead to the creation of a modern development model, identical in its economic content to state capitalism. These specific historical conditions determine the necessary relationship between economic theory and public policy in the framework of the new model of economic management, which involves not just managed, but scientifically-driven development. Such scientific management of economic development is especially necessary for Ukraine, which under the guise of neoliberal deregulation stubbornly imposes a long-obsolete neoliberal model of spontaneous market transformation. Therefore, under modern conditions, political economy is called upon to become, first of all, a theory of action, a theory of public management of the economy. This opens up new broad opportunities at all levels of economic research, including: (i) the further development of the proposed methodology itself; (ii) the development of economic theory on its basis; and (iii) the consistent application of this theory to solve the extremely complex practical problems associated with the process of creating a subject-object model of driven economic development in Ukraine.

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