Effective indicators of a hydrogen engine operating on a lean mixture and equipped with a modified fuel supply system

Trudy NAMI ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
R. Z. Kavtaradze ◽  
B. Sun ◽  
A. S. Golosov ◽  
Zh. Chen ◽  
Ts. Chzhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Control ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Lean Mixture ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
Fuel Supply System

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). Limited oil reserves and tightening environmental standards are forcing engine manufacturers to switch to alternative fuels in the near future, among which hydrogen is the most promising. The advantages of hydrogen are high specific heat of combustion and high combustion rate. Wide concentration limits of hydrogen combustion make it possible to use high-quality power control, thereby providing an increase in the efficiency of a hydrogen engine when compared to the basic internal combustion engine.The purpose of the study was to ensure the operation of a serial gasoline engine running on hydrogen with a new experimental fuel supply system, as well as the modification of the intake manifold design without abnormal phenomena during combustion when operating on a lean mixture, and to obtain efficient and ecological characteristics of a hydrogen engine under bench test conditions, as a result.Methodology and research methods. The work is experimental, the reliability of the results obtained is confirmed by the use of modern means for measuring and processing experimental data. The obtained results of measuring nitrogen oxides are adequate to the known Zel'dovich thermal mechanism. The value of the results lies in the fact that they show the feasibility of transferring serial internal combustion engines to hydrogen; in addition, these results are used to develop and verify mathematical 3D models of the hydrogen engine working process.Scientific novelty and results. A new system providing the necessary characteristics (pressure, duration and cycle dose) for supplying hydrogen to the intake system with two injectors for each cylinder was designed, installed and tested on the prototype engine.Practical significance. The expediency of the working cycle creation and efficiency of a hydrogen engine with an experimental lean-burn fuel supply system was confirmed, which made it possible to provide high-quality power control with external mixture formation and forced ignition.

scholarly journals Reduction in Operating Costs and Environmental Impact Consisting in the Modernization of the Low-Power Cylindrical Wood Chipper Power Unit by Using Alternative Fuel

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Warguła ◽  
Mateusz Kukla ◽  
Piotr Krawiec ◽  
Bartosz Wieczorek
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Power Unit ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
Fuel Supply System ◽  
The Cost

Alternative fuel within the meaning of Directive 2014/94/EU is, among others, LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), characterized by a lower purchase cost and lower emissions of toxic exhaust compounds in comparison to the combustion of classic gasoline. In wood chippers, intended for chopping branches, with low-power internal combustion engines that meet the emission standards in force in 2019 in the European Union, in accordance with Regulation 2016/1628/EU, carburetor fuel supply systems are commonly used. Innovative trends in the development of these drives are: electronic fuel injection, systems supporting the adaptation of the working elements to the conditions of use and the use of alternative fuels. The first two solutions significantly affect the cost of purchasing a power unit or modernizing it. The authors of this article indicate, as a beneficial alternative, a cheap (EUR 105) possibility of modernizing the carburetor fuel supply system. It is based on a modification that will allow for the use of LPG instead of gasoline to drive the working system of the wood chipper. This article presents the results of tests on the fuel consumption of a wood chipper powered with gasoline (3.04 L h−1) and LPG (3.65 L h−1) during continuous chipping. The cost of an hour of chipping related to fuel consumption was determined, which was equal to 3.89 € h−1 while using gasoline, and 2.19 € h−1 when using LPG. The mass flow rate (0.66 t h−1) and volumetric flow rate (3.5 m3 h−1) of a wood chipper powered by a low-power (9.5 kW) internal combustion engine with spark ignition were determined. In addition, we determined the cost of producing 1 m3 of biomass from chipping freshly cut oak branches (Quercus robur L. Sp. Pl. 996 1753) with a maximum diameter of 80 mm and a humidity of 25%. The branches were selected earlier in such a way that their dimensions as as similar as possible. This amounted to EUR 1.11 for a gasoline-powered drive and EUR 0.63 for a LPG powered one. The benefits of using an alternative fuel supply system, the installation of which increases the cost of the machine by 8.4%, have been confirmed.

scholarly journals MODERNIZATION OF THE DESIGN OF THE MIXING AND FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR TRACTOR DIESELS FOR BIOFUEL OPERATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 135-147
Author(s):  
Victor Anisimov ◽  
Vadym Ryaboshapka ◽  
Anatoliy Yelenych
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Vortex Chamber ◽  
Supply System ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Fuel Supply System

In diesel engines, the combustion process takes place over a very short period of time (0.001 s). As a result, complete and timely combustion of fuel and good use of the air available in the engine cylinders can be achieved only with very high-quality mixing. The use of biofuels in modern diesel engines causes a number of problems associated with changes in the parameters of fuel supply and mixing. All types of fuel have different characteristics: density, viscosity, lubricating properties, self-ignition temperature, compressibility and. in this regard, the laws of fuel supply: spraying, combustion, will be different. The viscosity of biofuels is higher than that of diesel fuel. For this reason, its capacity through small holes in the nozzle of the nozzle (dh= 0.25...0.40 mm) lower than diesel fuel. Due to the small diameter of the holes in the nozzle nozzles and the increased viscosity of biofuels, the nozzle holes are quickly coked. At the same time, the shape and direction of the jet initially changes, and then the hole is completely coked and the fuel supply stops. Thus, for high-quality operation of the diesel engine on biofuels, it is necessary to modernize the design of the mixing and fuel supply system. This problem can be solved by using systems with separate combustion chambers, i.e. using vortex chamber mixing. In the vortex chamber, 60-80% of the fuel burns, the pressure increases and the burning torches of the fuel flow at high speed into the main over-piston plane of the combustion chamber, where there is a significant supply of air that is not used during the combustion of the charge in this chamber. At the same time, oxygen from the air is well used, and the operation of the diesel engine becomes more efficient at relatively low values of the excess air coefficient at the nominal mode and less toxicity of exhaust gases than for single-chamber diesels.

scholarly journals Improving the quality of gas supplies to consumers when performing repair work on gas pipelines-branches

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
I. A. Battalov ◽  
◽  
Ya. V. Denisova ◽  
V. F. Sopin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Development ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Repair Work ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Fuel Supply System ◽  
Gas Supply

Providing consumers with high-quality gas supply services envisages ensuring uninterrupted fuel supply during repair work on gas pipelines - branches. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to consider the organization of the backup fuel supply system for the specified period and develop proposals for its improvement. Achievement of this goal determines the solution of the following tasks: study of regulatory documents in the field of gas supply, consideration of existing options for organizing a backup fuel supply system, development of proposals for their improvement, assessment of the effectiveness of the proposed measures. Based on the results of the study, in order to ensure the provision of high-quality services to consumers for the uninterrupted supply of gas, as an alternative, it is proposed to consider gas supply using mobile automobile gas refuellers and a reducing device. The advantages of using this method and the possible effect of its implementation are noted

Overview of engine oil replacement technologies in internal combustion engines of agricultural machinery

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
S.A. Belov ◽  
I.V. Busin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
The State ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Lubrication System ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
High Quality

The article reviews four existing technologies for replacing engine oil and a method for determining its suitability for improving economic efficiency. It is established that the oil is replaced according to the need in accordance with the defect indicators. This technology of oil condition is characterized by a more complete use of its resource. The frequency of replacement is determined by the indicators of condition, which is monitored by special sensors built into the engine lubrication system. However, the difficulty of using this technology is due to the lack of high-quality devices for monitoring the state of running engine oil in the engine.

Experimental and theoretical study of valveless fuel supply system for PDE

Shock Waves ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 251-256
Author(s):  
D.I. Baklanov ◽  
S.V. Golovastov ◽  
N.W. Tarusova ◽  
L.G. Gvozdeva
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
Fuel Supply System

NH3 as a Transport Fuel in Internal Combustion Engines: A Technical Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Herry Lesmana ◽  
Zhezi Zhang ◽  
Xianming Li ◽  
Mingming Zhu ◽  
Wenqiang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Nox Formation ◽  
Combustion Chemistry ◽  
Technical Review ◽  
Current State ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition

Ammonia (NH3) is an excellent hydrogen (H2) carrier that is easy to bulk manufacture, handle, transport, and use. NH3 is itself combustible and could potentially become a clean transport fuel for direct use in internal combustion engines (ICEs). This technical review examines the current state of knowledge of NH3 as a fuel in ICEs on its own or in mixtures with other fuels. A particular case of interest is to partially dissociate NH3 in situ to produce an NH3/H2 mixture before injection into the engine cylinders. A key element of the present innovation, the presence of H2 is expected to allow easy control and enhanced performance of NH3 combustion. The key thermochemical properties of NH3 are collected and compared to those of conventional and alternative fuels. The basic combustion characteristics and properties of NH3 and its mixtures with H2 are summarized, providing a theoretical basis for evaluating NH3 combustion in ICEs. The combustion chemistry and kinetics of NH3 combustion and mechanisms of NOx formation and destruction are also discussed. The potential applications of NH3 in conventional ICEs and advanced homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines are analyzed.

Study on the Effect and Fuzzy Compensation of Nonlinear Characteristics on SOFC-GT Fuel Supply System

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinwei Chen ◽  
Shengnan Sun ◽  
Jingxuan Li ◽  
Huisheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid System ◽  
Dead Zone ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Nonlinear Characteristics ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
Zone Width ◽  
Servo Actuator ◽  
Fuel Supply System ◽  
The Dead

Abstract Fuel supply system, the regulation system for fuel delivery to fuel cell, is one of the most important auxiliary systems in a solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine hybrid system. It plays a significant role in the dynamic performance and safety. Commonly, the fuel supply system is always simplified as a linear system which means that the relationship between valve opening and fuel flow rate is linear. However, the servo actuator and metering valve have some nonlinear characteristics such as hysteresis, dead zone, relay, and saturation. These nonlinear characteristics can directly affect the dynamic performance of the hybrid system. In this paper, a 328kW SOFC-GT hybrid system was taken as a research object. Firstly, a fuel supply system model considering the nonlinear characteristic was combined with the hybrid system. Then, the effect of dead zone-relay characteristic of servo amplifier was analyzed. The results show that the dead zone width has a great effect on the dynamic performance of the hybrid system. When the dead zone width is too small, the fuel flow rate will be oscillating causing unstable of the electrical characteristics in SOFC. The hybrid system will be stable with the increase of dead zone width. However, the larger dead zone width causes the hysteresis and the increase of the dynamic response time. At an improvement method with a two-dimensional fuzzy compensation was proposed. The results show that the fuzzy compensation can solve the oscillation problem caused by the dead zone-delay effectively. Finally, a servo actuator experiment system is developed based on an electro-hydraulic servo actuator facility and a software component of fuzzy compensator. The test rig was conducted an experiment to validate the simulation result. The results show that the experiment results match well with the simulation results.

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