Comparing Artificial Bees Colony Algorithm and Firefly Algorithm to Achieve Optimization in Route Selection Processing Time in VANETs

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
Syeda Sundus Zehra ◽  
Syed Muhammad Nabeel Mustafa ◽  
Rehan Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Firefly Algorithm ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Route Selection ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Signal Fading

In achieving Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), a new trending area in networking is Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs). It is a sub branch of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) where all the nodes or devices are interlinked and interconnected wirelessly. The challenges that a VANET faces while communicating within a network are signal fading, routing decision making and connectivity hitch. All these three mentioned problems have already been discussed and well researched in history by using conventional techniques as well as intelligent techniques based on artificial intelligence. Amongst all these three issues we are focusing on mitigating decision making problem for optimal route selection. In order to solve this issue, researchers have found that meta-heuristic intelligent algorithms such as, Artificial Bees Colony (ABC) and Firefly Algorithm (FFA) are more efficient algorithms as compared to traditional approach. In this paper we compared ABC and FFA to check which algorithm runs faster in order to achieve routing decision in lesser time

Analysis on Fog Computing Enabled Vehicular Ad hoc Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 4356-4361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seema Gaba ◽  
Kavita ◽  
Sahil Verma
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Computing Time ◽  
Vehicular Network ◽  
The Other ◽  
Localization System ◽  
Hoc Networks

The vehicular ad-hoc networks make a simple case of networks which are supposed to be very smart because of the tasks and crucial decision making they have to carry out. Since they are on the move, the transmission and reception of information has to be quick in order to make the networks efficient in term of computing time. Fog enabled VANET make the systems more capable by processing much of the information locally and only sending crucial decision making to the cloud which saves time and worth for all sub dependent systems. In this work we have reviewed the two fog enabled VANET schemes, one is SIVNFC (Secure intelligent vehicular network using fog computing) and the other is SOLVE (localization system frameworks).

Routing Protocols in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

2010 ◽  
pp. 206-228
Author(s):  
Yuh-Shyan Chen ◽  
Yun-Wei Lin
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
Communication Overhead ◽  
Message Delivery ◽  
Broadcast Storm ◽  
Temporary Network ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET), a subclass of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), is a promising approach for the intelligent transportation system (ITS). The design of routing protocols in VANETs is important and necessary issue for support the smart ITS. The key difference of VANET and MANET is the special mobility pattern and rapidly changeable topology. It is not effectively applied the existing routing protocols of MANETs into VANETs. In this chapter, we mainly survey new routing results in VANET. The authors introduce unicast protocol, multicast protocol, geocast protocol, mobicast protocol, and broadcast protocol. It is observed that carry-and-forward is the new and key consideration for designing all routing protocols in VANETs. With the consideration of multi-hop forwarding and carryand- forward techniques, min-delay and delay-bounded routing protocols for VANETs are discussed in VANETs. Besides, the temporary network fragmentation problem and the broadcast storm problem are further considered for designing routing protocols in VANETs. The temporary network fragmentation problem caused by rapidly changeable topology influence on the performance of data transmissions. The broadcast storm problem seriously affects the successful rate of message delivery in VANETs. The key challenge is to overcome these problems to provide routing protocols with the low communication delay, the low communication overhead, and the low time complexity.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Survey on VANET Security Services in Traffic Management System

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sameer Sheikh ◽  
Jun Liang
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Secure Communication ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
Malicious Nodes ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Authentication Schemes ◽  
Hoc Networks

Recently, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) embark a great deal of attention in the area of wireless and communication technology and are becoming one of the prominent research areas in the intelligent transportation system (ITS) because they provide safety and precautionary measures to the drivers and passengers, respectively. VANETs are quite different from the mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) in terms of characteristics, challenges, system architecture, and their application. In this paper, we summarize the recent state-of-the-art methods of VANETs by discussing their architecture, security, and challenges. Secondly, we discuss the detailed analysis of security schemes and the possible measures to provide secure communication in VANETs. Then, we comprehensively cover the authentication schemes, which is able to protect the vehicular network from malicious nodes and fake messages. Thus, it provides security in VANETs. Thirdly, we cover the mobility and network simulators, as well as other simulation tools, followed by the performance of authentication schemes. Finally, we discuss the comfort and safety applications of VANETs. In sum, this paper comprehensively covers the entire VANET system and its applications by filling the gaps of existing surveys and incorporating the latest trends in VANETs.

scholarly journals A QoS Based Adaptive Backoff Scheme for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 4421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianjiao Zhang ◽  
Qi Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Media Access ◽  
The Media ◽  
Hoc Networks

The media access control (MAC) protocol is a key element in the design of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) that directly affects the network performance. The backoff schemes of existing MAC protocols apply the single backoff process and therefore are not suitable for multi-class data transmission. Additionally, they cannot satisfy the delay requirements of emergency data in the case of varying number of vehicles, causing an adverse effect to the intelligent transportation system (ITS). This paper presents a priority-based adaptive backoff scheme that can enhance the binary exponential backoff (BEB) algorithm as well as the polynomial backoff (QB) algorithm. This system distinguishes priority data with different delay requirements first and designs different backoff schemes for each type of data later. The two-dimensional Markov Chain is used to analyze the backoff scheme and determine the expressions for throughput and delay. The simulation results show that the backoff scheme provided by this paper can reduce the average data delay and regulate each kind of data delay adaptively, according to the varying number of vehicles and different delay requirements.

scholarly journals An Intelligent Fuzzy Based Location Aided Routing in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1946-1955 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Technique

In the Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANET), performance is the key factor for the development of a standard routing protocol. The general characteristics of VANET are dynamic vehicle network topology and mobility. The choice of a better next forwarding hop vehicle among the available neighboring vehicles will lead better use of the route and also minimize the delays. However, there is a need for an efficient decision making in selecting the route for successful packet delivery. This paper proposes a new hybrid routing protocol called “Fuzzy assisted Location Aided Routing using Cache” (FLAR-C). FLAR-C uses a fuzzy logic technique that helps in better decision making to select the next hop for packet forwarding. Metrics like distance, direction, velocity, density and position of next hop vehicle are placed into the fuzzy logic system. And moreover, the proposed technique uses cache schemes to forward packets to the destinations under the Geocast zone. An experimental study is carried out to prove the performance of the proposed protocol and the simulation results highlights that FLAR-C is more effective in selecting the better forwarding hop for improved performance

Survey on Risk-Based Decision-Making Models for Trust Management in VANETs

2019 ◽  
pp. 52-73
Author(s):  
Junaid Mohammad Qurashi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Trust Management ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hoc Networks

Ubiquitous use of wireless technology and ad-hoc networks have paved the way for intelligent transportation systems also known as vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). Several trust-based frameworks have been proposed to counter the challenges posed by such fast mobile networks. However, the dynamic nature of VANETs make it difficult to maintain security and reliability solely based on trust within peers. Decision-making upon collaborative communications is critical to functioning of VANETs in safe, secured, and reliable manner. Decision taken over malicious or wrong information could lead to serious consequences. Hence, risk management within paradigm of trust becomes an important factor to be considered. In this chapter, a survey of the existing works having incorporated risk factor in their trust models has been explored to give an overview of approaches utilized. The parameters chosen in these models are analyzed and categorized based on the approaches modeled. Finally, future research directions will be presented.

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