Survey on Risk-Based Decision-Making Models for Trust Management in VANETs

2019 ◽  
pp. 52-73
Author(s):  
Junaid Mohammad Qurashi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Trust Management ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hoc Networks

Ubiquitous use of wireless technology and ad-hoc networks have paved the way for intelligent transportation systems also known as vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). Several trust-based frameworks have been proposed to counter the challenges posed by such fast mobile networks. However, the dynamic nature of VANETs make it difficult to maintain security and reliability solely based on trust within peers. Decision-making upon collaborative communications is critical to functioning of VANETs in safe, secured, and reliable manner. Decision taken over malicious or wrong information could lead to serious consequences. Hence, risk management within paradigm of trust becomes an important factor to be considered. In this chapter, a survey of the existing works having incorporated risk factor in their trust models has been explored to give an overview of approaches utilized. The parameters chosen in these models are analyzed and categorized based on the approaches modeled. Finally, future research directions will be presented.

A Comprehensive Survey of the Key Technologies and Challenges Surrounding Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Zhenchang Xia ◽  
Jia Wu ◽  
Libing Wu ◽  
Yanjiao Chen ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Graph Neural Networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks ( VANETs ) and the services they support are an essential part of intelligent transportation. Through physical technologies, applications, protocols, and standards, they help to ensure traffic moves efficiently and vehicles operate safely. This article surveys the current state of play in VANETs development. The summarized and classified include the key technologies critical to the field, the resource-management and safety applications needed for smooth operations, the communications and data transmission protocols that support networking, and the theoretical and environmental constructs underpinning research and development, such as graph neural networks and the Internet of Things. Additionally, we identify and discuss several challenges facing VANETs, including poor safety, poor reliability, non-uniform standards, and low intelligence levels. Finally, we touch on hot technologies and techniques, such as reinforcement learning and 5G communications, to provide an outlook for the future of intelligent transportation systems.

Intrusion Detection in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks on Lower Layers

2015 ◽  
pp. 192-220
Author(s):  
Chong Han ◽  
Sami Muhaidat ◽  
Ibrahim Abualhaol ◽  
Mehrdad Dianati ◽  
Rahim Tafazolli
Keyword(s):  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Channel Errors ◽  
Major Attention ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) are a critical component of the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), which involve the applications of advanced information processing, communications, sensing, and controlling technologies in an integrated manner to improve the functionality and the safety of transportation systems, providing drivers with timely information on road and traffic conditions, and achieving smooth traffic flow on the roads. Recently, the security of VANETs has attracted major attention for the possible presence of malicious elements, and the presence of altered messages due to channel errors in transmissions. In order to provide reliable and secure communications, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) can serve as a second defense wall after prevention-based approaches, such as encryption. This chapter first presents the state-of-the-art literature on intrusion detection in VANETs. Next, the detection of illicit wireless transmissions from the physical layer perspective is investigated, assuming the presence of regular ongoing legitimate transmissions. Finally, a novel cooperative intrusion detection scheme from the MAC sub-layer perspective is discussed.

Clustering, Connectivity, and Monitoring Challenges in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks

2010 ◽  
pp. 257-281
Author(s):  
Ameneh Daeinabi ◽  
Akbar Ghaffarpour Rahbar
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Efficient Resource ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are appropriate networks that can be applied for intelligent transportation systems. Three important challenges in VANETs are studied in this chapter. The first challenge is to defend against attackers. Because of the lack of a coordination unit in a VANET, vehicles should cooperate together and monitor each other in order to enhance security performance of the VANET. As the second challenge in VANETs, scalability is a critical issue for a network designer. Clustering is one solution for the scalability problem and is vital for efficient resource consumption and load balancing in large scale VANETs. On the other hand, due to the high-rate topology changes and high variability in vehicles density, transmission range of a vehicle is an important issue for forwarding and receiving messages. In this chapter, we study the clustering algorithms, the solutions appropriate to increase connectivity, and the algorithms that can detect attackers in a VANET.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Link Stability and Connectivity in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1S) ◽  
pp. 266-271
Author(s):  
Kishor N. Tayade, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
The Road ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks is a promising sub-group of MANET. VANET is deployed on the highways, where the vehicles are mobile nodes. Safety and intelligent transportation are important VANET applications that require appropriate communication among vehicles, in particular routing technology. VANETs generally inherit their common features from MANETs where vehicles operate in a collaborative and dispersed way for promoting contact among vehicles and with network infrastructure like the Road Side Units (RSU) for enhanced traffic experience. In view of the fast growth of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), VANETs has attracted considerable interest in this decade. VANET suffer from a major problem of link failure due to dynamic mobility of vehicles. In this paper we proposed a position based routing algorithm to identify stable path, this will improve the routing by decreasing overhead and interrupting the number of links. Link Expiration Time (LET) is used to provide the stable link, the link with the longest LET is considered as the most stable link. The multicast Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (MAODV) is proposed to avoid the link breakages by using a link with longest LET.  Data loss is reduced by avoiding link breakages and enhance throughput by reducing the communication delay.

scholarly journals Invalid Signatures Searching Bitwise Divisions-Based Algorithm for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Xin Ye ◽  
Gencheng Xu ◽  
Xueli Cheng ◽  
Jin Zhou ◽  
Zhiguang Qin
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Verification Algorithm ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Crucial Part ◽  
Parallel Condition

Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are the crucial part of intelligent transportation systems (ITS), which are brought to enhance the security, efficiency, and comfort of transportation. VANETs have aroused extensive attention in the world recently. One of the challenges in practice is real time and low delay, which strongly requires VANETs to be efficient. Existing schemes have properly solved the problem which is how to aggregate the signatures and verify the aggregated signature. However, few solutions are proposed to pinpoint all invalid signatures if existing. The algorithms that can find all invalid signatures are not efficient enough. Following consideration of the above deficiencies of existing approaches, this paper proposes a factorial bitwise divisions (FBD) algorithm and its optimized version and early-stopping factorial bitwise divisions (EFBD) algorithm. Both algorithms are parallel-friendly. Compared with the binary-based batch verification algorithm, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms achieve better performance in both theory and practice at low invalid signatures’ rate. Especially, in the parallel condition, when the number of invalid signatures is 1, the proposed algorithms cost only one aggregation-verification delay, while the comparison is more than log 2    n times.

scholarly journals SDN-based VANETs, Security Attacks, Applications, and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arif ◽  
Guojun Wang ◽  
Oana Geman ◽  
Valentina Emilia Balas ◽  
Peng Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
General System ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Security Attacks ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Smart Vehicles ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are the specific sort of ad-hoc networks that are utilized in intelligent transportation systems (ITS). VANETs have become one of the most reassuring, promising, and quickest developing subsets of the mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). They include smart vehicles, roadside units (RSUs), and on-board units (OBUs) which correspond through inconsistent wireless network. The current research in the vehicles industry and media transmission innovations alongside the remarkable multimodal portability administrations expedited center-wise ITS, of which VANETs increase considerably more attention. The particular characteristics of the software defined networks (SDNs) use the vehicular systems by its condition of the centralized art having a complete understanding of the network. Security is an important issue in the SDN-based VANETs, as a result of the effect the threats and vulnerabilities can have on driver’s conduct and personal satisfaction. This paper opens a discourse on the security attacks that future SDN-based VANETs should confront and examines how SDNs could be advantageous in building new countermeasures. SDN-based VANETs encourage us to dispose of the confinement and difficulties that are available in the traditional VANETs. It helps us to diminish the general burden on the system by dealing with the general system through a single wireless controller. While SDN-based VANETs provide us some benefits in terms of applications and services, they also have some important challenges which need to be solved. In this study we discuss and elaborate the challenges, along with the applications, and the future directions of SDN-based VANETs. At the end we provide the conclusion of the whole study.

Data Dissemination in Vehicular Networks

2012 ◽  
pp. 271-297
Author(s):  
Nitin Maslekar ◽  
Mounir Boussedjra ◽  
Houda Labiod ◽  
Joseph Mouzna
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Data Dissemination ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Communications Systems ◽  
Effective Dissemination ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) represent an important component necessary to develop Intelligent Transportation Systems. Recent advances in communications systems have created significant opportunities for a wide variety of applications and services to be implement in vehicles. Most of these applications require a certain dissemination performance to work satisfactorily. Although a variety of optimizations are possible, the basic idea for any dissemination scheme is to facilitate the acquisition of the knowledge about the surrounding vehicles. However, the dynamic nature of vehicular networks makes it difficult to achieve an effective dissemination among vehicles. This chapter provides an overview on those challenges and presents various approaches to disseminate data in vehicular networks.

scholarly journals A New Fog-Based Routing Strategy (FBRS) for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled S. El Gayyar ◽  
Ahmed I. Saleh ◽  
Labib M. Labib
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Routing Strategy ◽  
Hoc Networks

Abstract Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) plays a significant role in future intelligent transportation systems. The main objective of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is to improve driver safety and traffic efficiency. Many researchers proposed different schemes to improve communication efficiency. It is quite challenging where vehicles’ speed, Direction, and density of neighbors on the move are not consistent. Although several routing protocols have been introduced to manage data exchange among vehicles in VANETS, they still suffer from many drawbacks such as lost packets or time penalties. This paper introduced a new Fog Based Routing Strategy, which constructs a reliable system of adaptive, stable, and efficient routing networks. FBRS consists of two main phases: System Setup Phase (SSP) and System Operation Phase (SOP). SSP creates a cluster network, collects its nodes’ data, mining routes between them, and ranking paths using Dijkstra’s algorithm into a simplified table. Although, SOP generates a reliable route between the request of any two nodes for a communication channel and maintains the route against any simultaneous crashes. Recent VANET routing protocols have been compared against FBRS. Experimental results have proven the outperforming of the proposed algorithm against recent routing protocols in terms of packet delivery ratio and routing overhead.

scholarly journals An Adaptive Multi-hop Clustered Voting to Improve the Message Trust in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Mirzaei ◽  
Mahdi Mollamotalebi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Network Information ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Hoc Networks

The Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is used in intelligent transportation systems to make communication between vehicles and make appropriate decisions with regard to road or traffic conditions. Some main research issues in VANETs are unreliability in communication, delay/precision of decision making, information overheads, and handling the nodes dynamicity. This paper aimed to provide an efficient voting method to improve the reliability of decision making for message voting. It also reduces the voting delay and network information overhead. The proposed method is simulated in NS2. The experimental results indicated that the proposed method’s decision making precision is improved between 6 % and 30 % compared to similar methods in the literature, under conditions such as traffic amount, number of nodes and operation period time. It also reduces the number of transferred packets between 1 % and 9 % in different environmental conditions.

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