scholarly journals Plant substrate as a vehicle for trituration: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (40) ◽  
pp. 182-183
Author(s):  
Carlos Renato Zacharias ◽  
Aildo Ferreira Dos Santos Júnior ◽  
Edmilson Roma De Oliveira ◽  
Rodrigo Mariani Verginelli
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Dilution Rate ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Commercial Plant ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Interesting Behavior ◽  
Mature Cotyledon

Motivation: Lactose and hydroalcoholic solutions are not the proper substances to study the High Dilution (HD) effects using plant models. Plant substrate can not be considered an inert vehicle, but it is not harmful to plants. Aim: In this pilot study we verify the possibility to use plant substrate as a trituration vehicle to prepare substances to be used in plants. Methods: We used a partially dried commercial plant substrate (12% humidity) as the vehicle to prepare a set of trituration, having NaCl as the initial active substance. Triturations were performed using a ball mill, with a mass dilution rate of 1:18 (set A) and 1:100 (set B), up to the 7th trituration, that is, each set contained 8 groups: A0 to A7 and B0 to B7. For each group, the triturated substrate was mixed with a fresh one in a mass ratio of 1:1. After homogenization, 18 seeds of radish (Raphanus sativus) were sown in plastic trays (31 ml cell), for each group and kept in a green house exposed to natural thermal and light variations. After 4 weeks we determine the germination rate and number of mature cotyledon. Then 5 plants from each group were selected at random to determine the following parameters: averaged leaf area, length, fresh and dry mass and pigments amount (chlorophyll a and b, carotenes). Results: Groups A0 and B0 (higher saline concentration) showed those typical effects of saline stress: lower germination ratio, immature cotyledons, smaller and shorter leaves, higher water content and less pigments. All the others groups showed similar results, for all parameters, except pigments amount. The chlorophyll to carotene ratio (CCr) showed an unexpected but interesting behavior (figure 1).Both sets showed an initial CCr growing (as expected due the saline ratio decrease), but followed by an unexpected decrement. Set B (the higher mass dilution rate, 1:100) showed a slower change, compared to set A. When we sort the results in order of saline amount we observe two peaks (figure 2), indicating that this behavior can not be explained by the saline stress.Conclusions: Trituration using plant substrate as vehicle can be suitable to assess HD effects in plant models. In this pilot study we observed unusual results regarding to the expected saline stress due the saline concentration.

scholarly journals GERMINATION RATE OF PENNISETUM GLAUCUM SEEDLING IN FUCTION OF SALINE STRESS, GROWTH AND BIOMASS OF AERIAL PART AND ROOT

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 481
Author(s):  
Leandro Ricardo Rodrigues de LUCENA ◽  
Vicente José Laamon Pinto SIMÕES ◽  
Cinara Wanderléa Felix BEZERRA ◽  
José Lypson Pinto Simões IZIDRO ◽  
Marcondes Sá SOUZA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Stress Growth ◽  
Randomized Design

Millet is an annual cycle plant, with C4 metabolism, tolerant to water deficit, and it is cultivated in regions with scarcity of rain. The objective was to evaluate the germination of the millet seedling in function of saline stress, growth and biomass of the aerial part and the root system. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design, with four treatments and five replicates, with the unit being represented by seeds of millet. The treatments were constituted by solutions with addition of NaCl corresponding to 2.337, 4.674 and 7.011 g/L, respectively for the electrical conductivities 4.0; 8.0; 12.0 dS/m and 0 dS/m (distilled water) as control. The millet cultivar used in this experiment was the IPA Bulk 1BF. The mean germination rate of seedlings in relation to control salinity level was higher than 90%, while for level of 12 dS.m-1 salinity there was no germination. The fitted model presented a high coefficient of determination (pseudo-R²= 90.96%) and low sum of squares of residuals (SSR=0.26). The beta regression model proved to be an appropriate option to analyse the millet seedling germination rate after 72 hours in function of salinity level, length of the root system and dry mass of the aerial part.

scholarly journals Raw and Fermented Alfalfa Brown Juice Induces Changes in the Germination and Development of French Marigold (Tagetes patula L.) Plants

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1076
Author(s):  
Döme Barna ◽  
Szilvia Kisvarga ◽  
Szilvia Kovács ◽  
Gábor Csatári ◽  
Ibolya O. Tóth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Horticultural Practice ◽  
Brown Juice

Organic and ecological farming programs require new and efficient biostimulants with beneficial properties for the sustainable and safe production of seedlings and ornamental plants. We examined the effect of non-fermented and lacto-fermented alfalfa brown juice (BJ) on seed germination and the vegetative, physiological, and anatomical properties of French marigold (Tagetes patula L. ‘Csemő’) plants which were treated with 0.5–10% fermented and non-fermented BJ, with tap water applied as a control. Applying 0.5% fermented BJ significantly improved seed germination compared with non-fermented BJ, resulting in an increase of 9.6, 11.2, 10.9, and 41.7% in the final germination percent, germination rate index, germination index, and vigor index, respectively. In addition, it increased the root and shoot length by 7.9 and 16.1%, respectively, root and shoot dry mass by 20 and 47.6%, respectively, and the number of leaves by 28.8% compared to the control. Furthermore, an increase in contents of water-soluble phenol, chlorophyll a and b, and carotenoid was reported upon the application of 0.5% fermented BJ, while peroxidase activity decreased. Our results prove that alfalfa BJ can be enrolled as a biostimulant as part of the circular farming approach which supports the sustainable horticultural practice.

scholarly journals MATURATION STAGES OF FRUITS AND PHYSIOLOGICAL SEED QUALITY OF Physalis ixocarpa BROT. EX HORMEN

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
NATÁLIA DOS SANTOS BARROSO ◽  
MANUELA OLIVEIRA DE SOUZA ◽  
LAURA CAROLINA DA SILVA RODRIGUES ◽  
CLAUDINÉIA REGINA PELACANI
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Dry Matter Weight

ABSTRACT Physalis is represented by species that produce fruits with relevant potential for national and international marketing. The species are normally grown from seeds, so maturation studies are important to assist the point of harvest, as well as seeds with a high physiological potential, since the fruits remain enclosed within a cup throughout their development. Despite the nutraceutical importance of fruits and medicinal potential of many species of Physalisinformation on the physiological seeds quality are scarce. This study aimed to monitor the physical and physiological changes of maturation and the viability of seeds during fruit development stages. The fruits of P. ixocarpa were collected in 15, 25, 35, 45, 55 days after anthesis (DAA). Length, diameter, fresh weight, skin and cup coloring characterization, TSS content, number and weight of seeds per fruit were obtained at each development stage. We also evaluated and correlated the coloring and pigment content of the cup (chlorophyll a and b). Water content, dry matter weight and germination rate were measured from fresh and dry seeds (room conditions, 72 hours). The main physical and physiological changes during maturation occurred within 35 DAA. The maximum physiological seeds quality was achieved within 45 DAA when the cup is completely or partially broken with coloring between yellowish-green and light-yellowish-brown and the ripe fruit in dark-green.

scholarly journals The Influence of H2O2 Application Methods on Melon Plants Submitted to Saline Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Adriana Silva Santos ◽  
Juliana Formiga Almeida ◽  
Marcio Santos da Silva ◽  
Jackson Silva Nóbrega ◽  
Thais Batista de Queiroga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The salinity in irrigation water is one of the most important causes to decline cultivated plants yield. The H2O2 application has shown efficiency as a stimulator and activator for antioxidative defense system in plants submitted to biotic and abiotic stresses. The objective of this study was to evaluate methods for hydrogen peroxide application as a strategy to minimize the effects of saline stress on melon plants. The experiment was designed in complete randomized blocks and set in 2 × 4 factorial scheme, consisting two levels for irrigation water salinity (S1 = 0.3 and S2 = 2.0 dS m-1) and four methods for hydrogen peroxide application (15 mM), (T1 = no peroxide application, T2= imbibition of seeds, T3 = at sowing, T4 = Foliar spraying), with five repetitions. It was evaluated the following variables at 58 days after transplanting: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of flowers, shoot dry mass, root dry mass and total dry mass. The results showed that salinity affected the growth, biomass accumulation and plant quality severely, with the highest losses promoted by the electrical conductivity of 2.0 dS m-1.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PLASTICITY OF SAPLINGS OF Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) MART. IN DIFFERENT LIGHT CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Paula Lora Zimmermann ◽  
Frederico Dimas Fleig ◽  
Luciane Almeri Tabaldi ◽  
Suelen Carpenedo Aimi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Lower Content ◽  
Physiological Plasticity ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Number Of Leaves

ABSTRACT This work was carried out to verify the plasticity of saplings of Cabralea canjerana plants and their capacity to adapt to different light environments by means of morphological and physiological characteristics. For this, 12 plants of a secondary Deciduous Seasonal Forest fragment were selected, six growing under canopy and six in full sun. Trees were classified according to their sociological position as emergent and dominated. The leaves were classified as apical, intermediate and basal according to their position in the canopy. The variables measured were: total number of leaves, width, length, thickness, leaf area and dry mass of leaflets; content of chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids. Emergent leaflets of the upper position of the canopy in full sun, which are considered the most exposed to luminosity, presented xeromorphic characteristics such as leaflet size reduction, greater limbus thickness, smaller leaf area and lower content of chlorophyll b. The similarity in the dry mass and pigment content demonstrates that the photosynthetic activity of the C. canjerana plants analyzed is not being affected by the different conditions of the environment, which demonstrates the plasticity of the species and its capacity of development in several light conditions.

scholarly journals Silicon Potential as Attenuator of Salinity Effects on Growth and Post-harvest Quality of Lettuce

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 455
Author(s):  
Hozano De Souza Lemos Neto ◽  
Marcelo De Almeida Guimarães ◽  
Rosilene Oliveira Mesquita ◽  
Italo Marlone Gomes Sampaio ◽  
Ana Régia Alves de Araújo Hendges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Silicon (Si) is a mineral element that provides many benefits to plants and may also assist in tolerance to abiotic stresses such as salinity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of Si as a possible attenuator of the deleterious effects of salinity on growth and post-harvest of lettuce. A completely randomized design with four replicates was performed in a 3 × 2 factorial, consisting of three salinity levels (1.65, 3.65, 7.65 dS m-1) and two levels of silicon (0.0 and 2.0 mM). Salinity reduced all variables related to plant growth. For shoot fresh and dry mass, it was observed that NaCl caused a reduction of 79.80 and 80%, respectively, in comparison to the control. However, parameters related to post-harvest such as titratable acidity, soluble solids and vitamin C increased with salinity. Although not effective in reducing saline stress on plant growth, Si provided improvements in the variables related to lettuce post-harvest. Salinity significantly reduced plant growth in the presence and absence of Si, but provided better post-harvest quality with Si.

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of maize seedlings under salt stress

2018 ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwen Xu, Yan Lu ◽  
Shuyuan Tong
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Rubisco Activity

The impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus. tortuosum on morphology, photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence, photosynthetic capacity and rubisco activity of maize under saline stress were detected under potted culture experiments. The experimental result indicated the saline stress notably reduced both dry mass and leaf area in contrast with the control treatment. Nevertheless, AMF remarkably ameliorated dry mass and leaf area under saline stress environment. Besides, maize plants appeared to have high dependency on AMF which improved physiological mechanisms by raising chlorophyll content, efficiency of light energy utilization, gas exchange and rubisco activity under salinity stress. In conclusion, AM could mitigate the growth limitations caused by salinity stress, and hence play a very important role in promoting photosynthetic capacity under salt stress in maize.

scholarly journals Plant growth regulators in the germination of Diospyros hispida A. DC. (EBENACEAE) seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e27110212471
Author(s):  
Aline Bueno Ramalho ◽  
Lúcia Filgueiras Braga
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Mean Germination Time

Plant growth regulators in the germination of Diospyros hispida A. DC. (Ebenaceae) Seed. Diospyros hispida species is a native fruit that has long germination period, hindering seedling production. The aim of this work was to evaluate the germination of Diospyros hispida seeds under the effect of gibberellic acid and biostimulant applications. Four replicates of 25 seeds per treatment were used. Treatments were: T1 - distilled water, T2, T3 and T4 - GA3 solutions at 100, 150 and 200 mg L-1, respectively, T5 - Immersion for 24 hours in distilled water with aeration, T6, T7 and T8 - Immersion for 24 hours in aerated GA3 solutions at 100, 150 and 200 mg L-1, respectively, T9, T10 and T11 - biostimulant application (containing auxin, gibberellin and cytokinin) at 3, 5 and 7 ml kg-1 of seeds. Germination rate, mean germination time, germination speed index, synchronization index, relative germination frequency, normal seedlings, root length, shoot length and seedling dry mass were evaluated. The effect of gibberellic acid and biostimulant containing auxin, gibberellin and cytokinin negatively influenced Diospyros hispida germination under the conditions of this study.

scholarly journals Effects of Megafol on the Olive Cultivar ‘Arbequina’ Grown Under Severe Saline Stress in Terms of Physiological Traits, Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant Defenses, and Cytosolic Ca2+

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Del Buono ◽  
Luca Regni ◽  
Alberto Marco Del Pino ◽  
Maria Luce Bartucca ◽  
Carlo Alberto Palmerini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Olive Cultivar ◽  
Commercial Plant

Salinity is one of the most impacting abiotic stresses regarding crop productivity and quality. Among the strategies that are attracting attention in the protection of crops from abiotic stresses, there is the use of plant biostimulants. In this study, Megafol (Meg), a commercial plant biostimulant, was tested on olive plants subjected to severe saline stress. Plants treated with salt alone showed substantial reductions in biomass production, leaf net photosynthesis (Pn), leaf transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), and relative water content (RWC). In addition, samples stressed with NaCl showed a higher sodium (Na+) content in the leaves, while those stressed with NaCl and biostimulated with Meg increased the potassium (K+) content in the leaves, thus showing a higher K+/Na+ ratio. Salinity caused the accumulation of significant quantities of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) due to decreases in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, namely superoxide dismutase (SOD – EC 1.15.1.1), ascorbate peroxidase (APX – EC 1.11.1.11), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX – EC 1.11.1.9), and catalase (CAT – EC 1.11.1.6). When olive plants under saline stress were biostimulated with Meg, the plants recovered and showed physiological and biochemical traits much improved than salt stressed samples. Finally, Meg exhibited Ca2+-chelating activity in olive pollen grains, which allowed the biostimulant to exert this beneficial effect also by antagonizing the undesirable effects of hydrogen peroxide on Ca2+ metabolism.

scholarly journals Physiological Responses of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Under Irrigation With Saline Water and Biostimulant Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Leonardo Vieira de Sousa ◽  
Rayanne Maria Paula Ribeiro ◽  
Manoel Galdino dos Santos ◽  
Fernando Sarmento de Oliveira ◽  
Hugo Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is one of the world’s main crops, and it is a fundamental source of protein for semiarid regions population. In these regions, the use of high salts concentration water in irrigation systems is one of the major factors that contributes to reduced cowpea yield. One way to alleviate the negative effects of salinity is through the biostimulants application, which is a product that has beneficial substances to the plants metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of biostimulant in cowpea cultivars under irrigation with saline water. The study was carried out in the Agrarian Sciences Center, of the Department of Agronomic and Forest Sciences of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, in the city of Mossoró, RN. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications. The treatments were arranged in 5 × 2 × 2 factorial scheme, with five doses of biostimulant (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 mL L-1), two electrical conductivities of the irrigation water (0.5 and 5.0 dS m-1), and two cowpea cultivars (IPA-206 and BRS Guariba). The evaluated characteristics were: chlorophyll content index, stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis, internal CO2 concentration, transpiration rate, shoot height, stem diameter and shoot dry mass. The biostimulant application was not efficient in attenuating the salinity stress effect on the development of cowpea cultivars. The higher biostimulant concentrations along with the use of saline water increased the negative effects of salinity on the cowpea plants physiology. There was no difference between the cultivars regarding the tolerance to saline stress and the application of biostimulant.

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