scholarly journals Detection and spatiotemporal analysis of methane ebullition on thermokarst lake ice using high-resolution optical aerial imagery

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Lindgren ◽  
G. Grosse ◽  
K. M. Walter Anthony ◽  
F. J. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Optical Image ◽  
Aerial Imagery ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Lake Ice ◽  
Thermokarst Lakes ◽  
Thermokarst Lake ◽  
Methane Ebullition

Abstract. Thermokarst lakes are important emitters of methane, a potent greenhouse gas. However, accurate estimation of methane flux from thermokarst lakes is difficult due to their remoteness and observational challenges associated with the heterogeneous nature of ebullition. We used high-resolution (9–11 cm) snow-free aerial images of an interior Alaskan thermokarst lake acquired 2 and 4 days following freeze-up in 2011 and 2012, respectively, to detect and characterize methane ebullition seeps and to estimate whole-lake ebullition. Bubbles impeded by the lake ice sheet form distinct white patches as a function of bubbling when lake ice grows downward and around them, trapping the gas in the ice. Our aerial imagery thus captured a snapshot of bubbles trapped in lake ice during the ebullition events that occurred before the image acquisition. Image analysis showed that low-flux A- and B-type seeps are associated with low brightness patches and are statistically distinct from high-flux C-type and hotspot seeps associated with high brightness patches. Mean whole-lake ebullition based on optical image analysis in combination with bubble-trap flux measurements was estimated to be 174 ± 28 and 216 ± 33 mL gas m−2 d−1 for the years 2011 and 2012, respectively. A large number of seeps demonstrated spatiotemporal stability over our 2-year study period. A strong inverse exponential relationship (R2 >  =  0.79) was found between the percent of the surface area of lake ice covered with bubble patches and distance from the active thermokarst lake margin. Even though the narrow timing of optical image acquisition is a critical factor, with respect to both atmospheric pressure changes and snow/no-snow conditions during early lake freeze-up, our study shows that optical remote sensing is a powerful tool to map ebullition seeps on lake ice, to identify their relative strength of ebullition, and to assess their spatiotemporal variability.

scholarly journals Detecting methane ebullition on thermokarst lake ice using high resolution optical aerial imagery

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 7449-7490
Author(s):  
P. R. Lindgren ◽  
G. Grosse ◽  
K. M. Walter Anthony ◽  
F. J. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Aerial Imagery ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Lake Ice ◽  
Thermokarst Lakes ◽  
Thermokarst Lake ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Methane Ebullition

Abstract. Thermokarst lakes are important emitters of methane, a potent greenhouse gas. However, accurate estimation of methane flux from thermokarst lakes is difficult due to their remoteness and observational challenges associated with the heterogeneous nature of ebullition (bubbling). We used multi-temporal high-resolution (9–11 cm) aerial images of an interior Alaskan thermokarst lake, Goldstream Lake, acquired 2 and 4 days following freeze-up in 2011 and 2012, respectively, to characterize methane ebullition seeps and to estimate whole-lake ebullition. Bubbles impeded by the lake ice sheet form distinct white patches as a function of bubbling rate vs. time as ice thickens. Our aerial imagery thus captured in a single snapshot the ebullition events that occurred before the image acquisition. Image analysis showed that low-flux A- and B-type seeps are associated with low brightness patches and are statistically distinct from high-flux C-type and Hotspot seeps associated with high brightness patches. Mean whole-lake ebullition based on optical image analysis in combination with bubble-trap flux measurements was estimated to be 174 ± 28 and 216 ± 33 mL gas m−2 d−1 for the years 2011 and 2012, respectively. A large number of seeps demonstrated spatio-temporal stability over our two-year study period. A strong inverse exponential relationship (R2 ≥ 0.79) was found between percent surface area of lake ice covered with bubble patches and distance from the active thermokarst lake margin. Our study shows that optical remote sensing is a powerful tool to map ebullition seeps on lake ice, to identify their relative strength of ebullition and to assess their spatio-temporal variability.

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscatter response from methane ebullition bubbles trapped by thermokarst lake ice

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Engram ◽  
Katey Walter Anthony ◽  
Franz J. Meyer ◽  
Guido Grosse
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Lake Ice ◽  
Thermokarst Lake ◽  
Methane Ebullition ◽  
Aperture Radar

scholarly journals Comparing Interpretation of High-Resolution Aerial Imagery by Humans and Artificial Intelligence to Detect an Invasive Tree Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3503
Author(s):  
Roberto Rodriguez ◽  
Ryan L. Perroy ◽  
James Leary ◽  
Daniel Jenkins ◽  
Max Panoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Image Interpretation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Human Detection ◽  
Aerial Imagery ◽  
Miconia Calvescens ◽  
Significant Factors

Timely, accurate maps of invasive plant species are critical for making appropriate management decisions to eliminate emerging target populations or contain infestations. High-resolution aerial imagery is routinely used to map, monitor, and detect invasive plant populations. While conventional image interpretation involving human analysts is straightforward, it can require high demands for time and resources to produce useful intelligence. We compared the performance of human analysts with a custom Retinanet-based deep convolutional neural network (DNN) for detecting individual miconia (Miconia calvescens DC) plants, using high-resolution unmanned aerial system (UAS) imagery collected over lowland tropical forests in Hawai’i. Human analysts (n = 38) examined imagery at three linear scrolling speeds (100, 200 and 300 px/s), achieving miconia detection recalls of 74 ± 3%, 60 ± 3%, and 50 ± 3%, respectively. The DNN achieved 83 ± 3% recall and completed the image analysis in 1% of the time of the fastest scrolling speed tested. Human analysts could discriminate large miconia leaf clusters better than isolated individual leaves, while the DNN detection efficacy was independent of leaf cluster size. Optically, the contrast in the red and green color channels and all three (i.e., red, green, and blue) signal to clutter ratios (SCR) were significant factors for human detection, while only the red channel contrast, and the red and green SCRs were significant factors for the DNN. A linear cost analysis estimated the operational use of a DNN to be more cost effective than human photo interpretation when the cumulative search area exceeds a minimum area. For invasive species like miconia, which can stochastically spread propagules across thousands of ha, the DNN provides a more efficient option for detecting incipient, immature miconia across large expanses of forested canopy. Increasing operational capacity for large-scale surveillance with a DNN-based image analysis workflow can provide more rapid comprehension of invasive plant abundance and distribution in forested watersheds and may become strategically vital to containing these invasions.

Optical image analysis of the novel ultra-lightweight and high-resolution MEMS X-ray optics

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Mitsuishi ◽  
Y. Ezoe ◽  
U. Takagi ◽  
T. Hayashi ◽  
T. Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Optical Image ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Ray Optics ◽  
X Ray

Optical Image Analysis of the Novel Ultra-Lightweight and High-Resolution MEMS X-Ray Optics

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1309-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Mitsuishi ◽  
Y Ezoe ◽  
U Takagi ◽  
K Ishizu ◽  
T Moriyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Optical Image ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Ray Optics ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals An Object-Based Classification Method to Detect Methane Ebullition Bubbles in Early Winter Lake Ice

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prajna Lindgren ◽  
Guido Grosse ◽  
Franz Meyer ◽  
Katey Anthony
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Methane Flux ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Optical Remote Sensing ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Lake Ice ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Methane Ebullition

Thermokarst lakes in the Arctic and Subarctic release carbon from thawing permafrost in the form of methane and carbon dioxide with important implications for regional and global carbon cycles. Lake ice impedes the release of gas during the winter. For instance, bubbles released from lake sediments become trapped in downward growing lake ice, resulting in vertically-oriented bubble columns in the ice that are visible on the lake surface. We here describe a classification technique using an object-based image analysis (OBIA) framework to successfully map ebullition bubbles in airborne imagery of early winter ice on an interior Alaska thermokarst lake. Ebullition bubbles appear as white patches in high-resolution optical remote sensing images of snow-free lake ice acquired in early winter and, thus, can be mapped across whole lake areas. We used high-resolution (9–11 cm) aerial images acquired two and four days following freeze-up in the years 2011 and 2012, respectively. The design of multiresolution segmentation and region-specific classification rulesets allowed the identification of bubble features and separation from other confounding factors such as snow, submerged and floating vegetation, shadows, and open water. The OBIA technique had an accuracy of >95% for mapping ebullition bubble patches in early winter lake ice. Overall, we mapped 1195 and 1860 ebullition bubble patches in the 2011 and 2012 images, respectively. The percent surface area of lake ice covered with ebullition bubble patches for 2011 was 2.14% and for 2012 was 2.67%, representing a conservative whole lake estimate of bubble patches compared to ground surveys usually conducted on thicker ice 10 or more days after freeze-up. Our findings suggest that the information derived from high-resolution optical images of lake ice can supplement spatially limited field sampling methods to better estimate methane flux from individual lakes. The method can also be used to improve estimates of methane ebullition from numerous lakes within larger regions.

Algorithms for automated montage synthesis of images from laser-scanning confocal microscopes

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 650-651
Author(s):  
D. E. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Computational Synthesis ◽  
Automated Cell Counting ◽  
Partial View ◽  
The Individual

An efficient, robust, and widely-applicable technique is presented for computational synthesis of high-resolution, wide-area images of a specimen from a series of overlapping partial views. This technique can also be used to combine the results of various forms of image analysis, such as segmentation, automated cell counting, deblurring, and neuron tracing, to generate representations that are equivalent to processing the large wide-area image, rather than the individual partial views. This can be a first step towards quantitation of the higher-level tissue architecture. The computational approach overcomes mechanical limitations, such as hysterisis and backlash, of microscope stages. It also automates a procedure that is currently done manually. One application is the high-resolution visualization and/or quantitation of large batches of specimens that are much wider than the field of view of the microscope.The automated montage synthesis begins by computing a concise set of landmark points for each partial view. The type of landmarks used can vary greatly depending on the images of interest. In many cases, image analysis performed on each data set can provide useful landmarks. Even when no such “natural” landmarks are available, image processing can often provide useful landmarks.

Digital image acquisition, processing, and analysis in a polymer microscopy laboratory

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
Vinod K. Berry ◽  
Xiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Image Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quantitative Image Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Image

In recent years it became apparent that we needed to improve productivity and efficiency in the Microscopy Laboratories in GE Plastics. It was realized that digital image acquisition, archiving, processing, analysis, and transmission over a network would be the best way to achieve this goal. Also, the capabilities of quantitative image analysis, image transmission etc. available with this approach would help us to increase our efficiency. Although the advantages of digital image acquisition, processing, archiving, etc. have been described and are being practiced in many SEM, laboratories, they have not been generally applied in microscopy laboratories (TEM, Optical, SEM and others) and impact on increased productivity has not been yet exploited as well.In order to attain our objective we have acquired a SEMICAPS imaging workstation for each of the GE Plastic sites in the United States. We have integrated the workstation with the microscopes and their peripherals as shown in Figure 1.

Diatoms in bottom sediments of thermokarst lakes of the Pechora Delta

2019 ◽  
pp. 285-290
Author(s):  
Elvira A. Zinnatova, Larisa A. Frolova ◽  
Larisa A. Frolova
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Thermokarst Lakes ◽  
Thermokarst Lake ◽  
Fouling Organisms ◽  
Diatom Complexes

The Northern lakes are good objects for paleoclimatic reconstructions. One of the sources of information about changes in the ecosystems of lakes are diatoms. The study of diatom complexes revealed 133 taxa belonging to 49 genera, 24 families, 13 orders and 3 classes in the bottom sediments of the thermokarst lake of the Pechora Delta. Dominated by the Holarctic representatives of benthic and fouling organisms giving preference to the alkaline environmental conditions.

VIS-NIR LED Illumination in Backside Circuit Edit and Optical Probing Applications

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shida Tan ◽  
Richard H. Livengood ◽  
Dane Scott ◽  
Roy Hallstein ◽  
Pat Pardy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Optical Imaging ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Optical Image ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Optical Probing

Abstract High resolution optical imaging is critical in assisting backside circuit edit (CE) and optical probing navigation. In this paper, we demonstrated improved optical image quality using VIS-NIR narrow band light emitting diode (LED) illumination in various FIB and optical probing platforms. The proof of concept was demonstrated with both common non-contact air gap lenses and solid immersion lenses (SIL).

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