Rosso Verona marble (Italy): proposed as a candidate for "Global Heritage Stone Resource"

Author(s):  
Piero Primavori

<p>Rosso Verona marble (RV) is the commercial name for an ammonite-bearing, pink-red, nodular, limestone, occurring near the city of Verona, North Italy,  hence the name “Rosso Verona marble”.</p><p>  Geologically speaking, RV belongs to the Rosso Ammonitico Veronese (RAV) Formation, a Middle-Upper Jurassic unit within the Mesozoic successions of the Trento Plateau, within which it comprises the stratigraphic interval between the top of platform carbonates (Early Jurassic) and the base of the micritic pelagic limestones of the Maiolica Formation (Uppermost Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous; “Biancone” of older authors).</p><p> </p><p> The RAV Formation dominant features are the presence of hardgrounds, highlighted by Fe and Mn oxide encrustations and recording breaks in sedimentation, colour variations, and abundance of nodular facies and bioturbation. In the Verona area, the RAV is less than 30 m thick and is subdivided into three units and eight different facies (pseudonodular, mineralized, bioclastic, nodular, thin-bedded limestone, thin-bedded cherty limestone, subnodular, stromatolitic). The lowest unit is formed by pseudonodular, mineralized and massive facies; the middle unit is formed by thin bedded<strong>, </strong>cherty and subnodular limestones; the upper unit is composed of stromatolitic, pseudonodular and nodular limestones.</p><p> </p><p>  Since Roman age, several levels of the RAV have been object of intensive excavation. Nowadays, the quarrying activity is still active in a few quarries, located in Valpolicella valley (Verona province), between the municipalities of S. Ambrogio and Monte, in the sorroundings of Mount Pastello.</p><p> </p><p>  RV relevant versatility has made possible its application almost in any field: from rural landscape to traditional building, from sculpture to architectural works, from fine crafts objects to modern 3D realizations.</p><p>  We find it in many historical artistic and architectural buildings, such as the Ducal Palace and San Marco Basilica in Venice, many famous monuments in Verona (the “Arena”, the Pietra Bridge, the Roman Theatre),  and in all the most important churches and religious building in North Italy (Bologna cathedral; Parma Cathedral, Cremona cathedral etc.).</p><p>  Sought-after and appreciated by architects, sculptors and designers for its chromatic and textural features, RV has been and still is, one of the driving marbles of the traditional Italian dimension stone production.</p><p> </p><p>  The note intends to provide a synthetic overview of RV marble and to propose it as a candidate to GHSR designation.</p><p>  Such a candidature is supported not only by its intrinsic geological and petrographic features, but also by several factors which are considered to fulfill the basic requisites for a GHSR designation. Among the most important, worth of mention are:</p><ul><li>- its enormous impact on the history, traditions and culture of the Verona area,</li> <li>- its almost ubiquitous use as a decorative stone (statues, columns, monuments, cosmatesque floors, inlays etc.),</li> <li>- the importance of MARMOMACC, the yearly Verona International Fair (considered the most important worldwide Fair of the Dimension Stone sector),</li> <li>- its current diffusion on a planetary scale,</li> <li>- the presence of an institutional body, the Verona District, which collects an impressive number of companies whose level of expertise, experience and competence has few equal all around the world.</li> </ul>

1955 ◽  
Vol 45 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 106-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Caputo ◽  
Richard Goodchild

Introduction.—The systematic exploration of Ptolemais (modern Tolmeita), in Cyrenaica, began in 1935 under the auspices of the Italian Government, and under the direction of the first-named writer. The general programme of excavation took into consideration not only the important Hellenistic period, which gave the city its name and saw its first development as an autonomous trading-centre, but also the late-Roman age when, upon Diocletian's reforms, Ptolemais became capital of the new province of Libya Pentapolis and a Metropolitan See, later occupied by Bishop Synesius.As one of several starting-points for the study of this later period, there was selected the area first noted by the Beecheys as containing ‘heaps of columns’, which later yielded the monumental inscriptions of Valentinian, Arcadius, and Honorius, published by Oliverio. Here excavation soon brought to light a decumanus, running from the major cardo on the west towards the great Byzantine fortress on the east. Architectural and other discoveries made in 1935–36 justified the provisional title ‘Monumental Street’ assigned to this ancient thoroughfare. In terms of the general town-plan, which is extremely regular, this street may be called ‘Decumanus II North’, since two rows of long rectangular insulae separate it from the Decumanus Maximus leading to the West Gate, still erect. The clearing of the Monumental Street and its frontages revealed the well-known Maenad reliefs, attributed to the sculptor Callimachus, a late-Roman triple Triumphal Arch, and fragments of monumental inscriptions similar in character to those previously published from the same area.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2347
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Hałaj ◽  
Jarosław Kotyza ◽  
Marek Hajto ◽  
Grzegorz Pełka ◽  
Wojciech Luboń ◽  
...  

Krakow has an extensive district heating network, which is approximately 900 km long. It is the second largest city in terms of the number of inhabitants in Poland, resulting in a high demand for energy—for both heating and cooling. The district heating of the city is based on coal. The paper presents the conception of using the available renewable sources to integrate them into the city’s heating system, increasing the flexibility of the system and its decentralization. An innovative solution of the use of hybrid, modular heat pumps with power dependent on the needs of customers in a given location and combining them with geothermal waters and photovoltaics is presented. The potential of deep geothermal waters is based on two reservoirs built of carbonate rocks, namely Devonian and Upper Jurassic, which mainly consist of dolomite and limestone. The theoretical potential of water intake equal to the nominal heating capacity of a geothermal installation is estimated at 3.3 and 2.0 MW, respectively. Shallow geothermal energy potential varies within the city, reflecting the complex geological structure of the city. Apart from typical borehole heat exchangers (BHEs), the shallower water levels may represent a significant potential source for both heating and cooling by means of water heat pumps. For the heating network, it has been proposed to use modular heat pumps with hybrid sources, which will allow for the flexible development of the network in places previously unavailable or unprofitable. In the case of balancing production and demand, a photovoltaic installation can be an effective and sufficient source of electricity that will cover the annual electricity demand generated by the heat pump installation, when it is used for both heating and cooling. The alternating demand of facilities for heating and cooling energy, caused by changes in the seasons, suggests potential for using seasonal cold and heat storage.


2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Ivana Carevic ◽  
Velimir Jovanovic

The possibilities for stratigraphical precision between the Upper Jurassic and the Lower Cretaceous in pelagic development are considered for the locality of Dedine stream. Nearby the city of Golubac, is observed and described the profile that starts with Paleozoic schists which are overlained with Oxfordian/Cimeridgian limestones with cherts, then follows the beds of "Lithographic limestones" and marlstones with Tithonian/Berriasian ammonites.


Author(s):  
Pelo Mihaylov ◽  

The article presents the resources for business tourism in Sofiya and Plovdiv. These events are described in the "Catalogue of fairs and exhibitions in Bulgaria". In Sofia, such events are held at the Inter Expo Center, the Central Department Store, the National Palace of Culture, the Universiade Hall and Sofia Tech Park, while in Plovdiv they are organized only at the International Fair. The article uses the terms exhibition day, when a fair or exhibition is held and calendar day when one or more exhibitions are held in the city. Intensity interval is the ratio between the exhibition days and the calendar days by rounding to the second decimal place and it can be explained as the number of exhibitions that residents (visitors, tourists) of (in) a city can visit in one day.


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-195
Author(s):  
Jess Allen

Abstract This article offers a reflexive account of my journey from dance into walking art through a methodological examination of tracktivism: the rural, eco-activist, pedestrian performance practice I have developed over the past eight years. My dancer's perception of walking art in the sculptural tradition had always been as choreography on an expanded scale: bringing attention to spatial patterns in landscape through the 'stylus' of the walking body. Here I examine the ways in which the growing oeuvre of tracktivist works have employed this choreographic device to (re)frame walking art as eco-activist performance. I consider how an art walk may be shaped in such a way as to foreground the spatial nature of ecological dis/connection in working agricultural landscapes, giving examples from my practice. I also propose that as patterns or routes expressly designed to be walked, the performer's material body becomes a 'measurant' to calibrate human scale against planetary scale. Thus the practice might be perceived to function as emancipated eco-activist choreography that offers a means of revealing and embracing our ecological enmeshment with/in complex more-than-human flows.


Author(s):  
Funda Bas Butuner ◽  
Ela Alanyalı Aral ◽  
Selin Çavdar

Transformative Urban Railway: Ankara Commuter Line and Lost LandscapeFunda Baş Bütüner¹, Ela Alanyalı Aral¹, Selin Çavdar² ¹Middle East Technical University. Department of Architecture. Ankara. Dumlupınar Bulvarı no:1 06800 Ankara Turkey  ² Middle East Technical University. Department of City and Regional Planning. Ankara. Dumlupınar Bulvarı no:1 06800 Ankara Turkey  E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Keywords (3-5): urban railway, urban landscape, Ankara, commuter line, landscape infrastructure Conference topics and scale: Urban green space   Being major transportation infrastructure of the 19th and early 20th centuries, the impacts of railways on cities have highly directed urban discourses; deforming material edge of cities, encouraging urban extension, formation of new territories, and speeding up  urban development. However, in recent decades, with newly emerging discussions on landscape infrastructure, a new idea for a more integrated infrastructure and urban system has started to be formulated. Railway strips, occurring as terrains where solid-void morphology of cities becomes illegible, emerge as generators in the formation of new urban green network. Within this framework, Ankara commuter line that mark outs a route approximately 37 kilometers in length in the city, is a remarkable case for a motivating discussion on railway and landscape confrontation. Penetrating the city in east-west direction, the commuter line integrated with a rural landscape –covering vegetable gardens and creeks- that was serving as a recreational field for citizens until 1950s. However, the transformative nature of the railway, encouraged the development of new urban lands, industrial areas and neighborhoods along its route, and erased the characteristic landscape along the railway.  The continuous landscape integrated with green, water and railway infrastructure became fragmented covering only some splits of green and water. In this respect, this study dwells on the lost landscape of the commuter line by mapping the fragmented continuity of the railway, green and water infrastructure from 1950’s until today to show the limited, but potential interaction of these three systems in the current urban fabric.    References Allen, S. (1999). Infrastructural Urbanism, in Allen, S. (ed.) Points and Lines: Diagrams and Projects for The City (Princeton Architectural Press, New York) 40-89. Bertolini, L., Spit, T. (1998). Cities on Rails (Routledge, London). Hung, Y. (2013). Landscape Infrastructure: Systems of Contingency, Flexibility, and Adaptability, in Hung, Y., Aquino, G., Waldheim, C., Czerniak, J., Geuze, A.,  Robinson, A., Skjonsberg, M. (ed.) Landscape Infrastructure (Birkhauser, Basel) 14-19. Tatom, J. (2006).  Urban Highways and the Reluctant Urban Realm. C. Waldheim (Ed.). The Landscape Urbanism Reader (Princeton Architectural Press, New York) 179-196. Waldheim, C. (2016). Landscape as Urbanism: A General Theory (Princeton University Press). 


2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1808
Author(s):  
C. Loupasakis ◽  
N. Nikolaou

The holy shrine ofPanagia (Saint Maria) Goritsis is located in a cave on the outer limits of the city of Volos, on the coastline. The stability problems caused by the loosening of the rockmass and the expansion of the joints generated issues about the safety of the numerous worshippers visiting the church every day. The cave is located into the Middle Triassic - Upper Jurassic marbles of the Pelagonian zone. The fragmentation of the rockmass along the two faults intersecting the slope until the coastline, combined with the weathering action of waves led to the formation of the cave. Although the action of the waves was cut of by the construction of the narthex and the surrounding buildings, the stability problems of the cave are intensified by the dynamic loading of the roof. The ceiling of cave is located 1 to 3 metres under the national road and the railway line connecting Volos with Agia. The selection of the proper support measures was complicated. The limited space, the small depth and most of all the religious and the historical value of the cave led to the selection of light support measures combined with the imposition of restriction for the reduction of the dynamic and the static loading


2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Eduard Hofmann ◽  
Hana Svobodová

Field work often takes place in the countryside and the city environment is neglected, although we usually move there more often. Natural science education should, however, include not only the evaluation of the rural landscape, but also the city, because we can find there an explanation for a number of physical-geographical but also socioeconomic phenomena and their spatio-temporal evolution. Therefore, the authors focused on the goal to use urban landscape as a "geography textbook". Urban landscape serves in this case as a didactic image. A study about significant viewpoints in Brno and its surroundings served as a basis for the experiment in which pupils and students had to sketch a view from these viewpoints and authors evaluated how they are able to perceive the urban landscape, locate the significant elements in an urban structure, identify their functions and relations among them. This concept can be understood as a use of nonverbal elements in teaching. The results of this experiment and namely the comparison of sketches produced by pupils and university students are described in the paper which also describes the blending of old and new approaches in geographical education. Key words: didactic image, geographical education, panoramic sketch, urban landscape.


2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 240-259
Author(s):  
CARLOS GUARDADO DA SILVA

O presente estudo, de natureza qualitativa e suportado em pesquisa documental, analisa o sistema de organização económica e a gestão do aro rural, nomeadamente a evolução das relações que se estabeleceram entre o Mosteiro de São Vicente de Fora e os particulares, assim como a diversificação e a expansão do seu património rural, mais intensas junto da cidade de Lisboa. Parte da conquista de Lisboa e da fundação do Mosteiro, em meados do século XII, seguindo-se uma análise do processo de formação e estruturação do património monástico, bem como das formas e estratégias de aquisição patrimonial, terminando com a composição da propriedade rural. Depois são apresentados os resultados, predominando na paisagem rural, por ordem decrescente, as herdades de ”pão”, as vinhas e os olivais, a par de outro tipo de propriedades rurais, assim como dos meios de transformação: moinhos e azenhas, lagares de vinho e azeite e fornos.  Conclui que o Mosteiro adquirira e possuá­a um património concentrado na região de Lisboa, apesar da sua influência se estender a ná­vel nacional, dados os direitos e os privilégios que possuá­a no reino.  Palavras-chave:  História Medieval. Mosteiro de São Vicente de Fora. Património Rural. Propriedade rural. Paisagem rural. Portugal. Séculos XII-XIII.RURAL HERITAGE OF THE MONASTERY OF SáƒO VICENTE DE FORA (LISBOA):  12th-13th centuriesAbstract:  This present study, of qualitative nature and based on documentary research, analyzes the economical organization system and the management of rural suburbs, namely the evolution of relationships fostered between the Monastery of São Vicente de Fora and individuals, as well as the diversification and expansion of its rural heritage, which had a higher intensity near the city of Lisbon. Tracing back from the conquest of Lisbon and the foundation of the monastery, in the middle of the twelfth century, conducting an analysis on the processes of formation and structuration of monastic heritage, as well as on the mechanisms and strategies of patrimony acquisition and, lastly, on rural property composition. Afterwards, it presents the results, predominantly   in rural landscape, in a descending order, are bread farms, vineyards and olive groves, and other type of rural properties, as much as of means of processing: mills and watermills, wine and olive presses, and ovens. It concludes that the Monastery acquired and owned a concentrated heritage mostly in the region of Lisbon, although its influence reached a national level due to the rights and privileges that it possessed in the kingdom.  Keywords:  Medieval History. Monastery of São Vicente de Fora. Rural Heritage. Rural Heritage. Rural landscape. Portugal. 12th-13th centuries.PATRIMONIO RURAL DEL MONASTERIO DE SAN VICENTE DE FORA (LISBOA):  siglos XII-XIIIResumen:  El presente estudio, de naturaleza cualitativa y apoyado en investigación documental, analiza el sistema de organización económica y la gestión del aro rural, en particular la evolución de las relaciones que se establecieron entre el Monasterio de San Vicente de Fora y los particulares, asá­ como La diversificación y la expansión de su patrimonio rural, más intensas al redor de la ciudad de Lisboa. Parte de la conquista de Lisboa y de la fundación del Monasterio, a mediados del siglo XII, siguiendo un análisis del proceso de formación y estructuración del patrimonio monástico, asá­ como de las formas y estrategias de adquisición patrimonial, terminando con la composición de la propiedad rural. A continuación se presentan los resultados, predominando en el paisaje rural, por orden decreciente, las  hereditates  de "pan", las viñas y los olivares, junto a otro tipo de propiedades rurales, asá­ como de los medios de transformación: molinos y aceñas, lagares de vino y aceite y hornos de pan. Concluye que el Monasterio habá­a adquirido y poseá­a un patrimonio concentrado en la región de Lisboa, a pesar de su influencia extendida a ná­vel nacional, en virtud de los derechos y los privilegios que poseá­a en el reino.Palabras clave:  Historia Medieval. Monasterio de San Vicente de Fora. Patrimonio Rural. Propiedad rural. Paisaje rural. Siglos XII-XIII.


2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 00055
Author(s):  
Justyna Kleszcz

The paper aims to present the phenomenon of transgression of contemporary urban living space as the main manifestation of the crisis of urbanity idea through forming new spatial units defining the city in relation to extra-urban functions. Due to the rapidly progressing process of urbanization, cities are beginning to occupy every available space in large parts of the world. That is why the idea of a closed city is becoming rapidly outdated, and open forms adopted by them and connected with the rural landscape have caused the problem of defining a new concept of contemporary urban-rural space. Although often reasons for this phenomenon are seen only in the progressing suburbanization interrupting the continuity of urban structures, this problem is much more complex and related to the search for an alternative to the outdated form of the city. The paper includes an analysis of the phenomenon, one of the manifestations of which is the emergence of downtown and suburban housing estates that combine urban features with food production. Examples of implementation illustrate the analysis of transformations, which gave rise to the new idea of urban living. The designed estates are both an element disrupting the city's dense tissue, but also becoming a determinant of the next level of self-sufficiency of urban inhabitants - both structural, functional, energetic and also nutritional from potentially adverse external conditions.


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