Using simple RGB Camera to estimate Nitrogen Uptake, Nitrogen Nutrition Index (NNI) and critical Nitrogen: Spring wheat case study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiftah Ben-Asher
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition Index ◽  
Grain Unit

<p>The first Nc dilution curve was based on dry matter (DM) power function. This model is limited to  point of singularity near zero. Another disadvantage was that it required meaasurements of DM which is time and labor consuming. Alternatively we proposed a logistic model that starts at zero and on the abscissa assumed a linear relationship between days after emergence (DAE) and DM throughout the relevant stages of wheat growth cycle.  </p><p>The Objectives of this study were to: 1) To demonstrate the feasibility of digital camera to replace laboratory tests. 2) To Determine critical N (Nc) and Nitrogen nutrition Index(NNI) of spring wheat and 3) Use N% and dry matter yield in order to calculate N uptake by wheat. This last is expected to be a tool to calculate the required amount of nitrogen to obtain maximum yield.</p><p>Wheat experiments were conducted in greenhouse lysimeters. Varied rates of N fertilizer (equivalent to 0–180 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>) and several  cultivars varying from shortest to longest ripening growth period. Nc reduced gradually from about 6% to 2%  ( =60-20 gr/Kg) when DM increased with DAE  from 0 to 14,000 kg/ha during 80 growing days.  NNI was stable and clearly distinct between   maximal index (1.0  and minimal index (0.2) when (DAE) was about 60;   Photographs succeeded to replicate laboratory measurements and obtained a linear regression curve with a unity  slop and r<sup>2</sup>=0.93. Nitrogen.  use efficiency (NUE) ranged from 50 to 65 kg  DM/unit N and from 30 to 50 Kg grain /unit N .</p>

scholarly journals Assessment of yield, quality and nitrogen index of Agrostietum capillaris grassland as affected by fertilizations

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-113
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Simic ◽  
Violeta Mandic ◽  
Savo Vuckovic ◽  
Zorica Bijelic ◽  
Rade Stanisavljevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition Index ◽  
Yield Quality

Managing N, P and K inputs in semi-natural meadow production systems is important for achieving maximum yields in livestock farming. The objective of the present study was to estimate the effect of different NPK levels (N0P0K0, N50P50K50, N100P50K50, N100P100K100, N150P100K100 and N200P150K150 kg ha-1 yr-1) on the yield, quality and nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) in a grassland community of Agrostietum capillaris (semi-natural meadow) in western Serbia. The study was conducted during the seasons of 2005-2008. The values of the investigated parameters, except for the unit N uptake, were the highest in 2004/2005 due to favorable climate conditions. The levels of nitrogen significantly increased all of the studied parameters compared to the control treatment, except for unit N uptake. Mineral fertilizers at N200P150K150 provided the highest green forage yield (25.12 t ha-1), dry matter yield (8.12 t ha-1), crude protein yield (876.3 kg ha-1), nitrogen uptake (140.2 kg ha-1) and nitrogen nutrition index (70.2%), and the lowest unit N uptake (0.0022 kg N kg DMY-1). The use of mineral fertilizers increased green forage yield, dry matter yield and crude protein yield, increasing fertilizer from lowest to highest rate increased fresh and dry matter yield, as well as protein yield. Based on the results of the study, monitoring of nutrition indices would be necessary in order to increase productivity and economic benefits.

Use of a chlorophyll meter to assess nitrogen nutrition index during the growth cycle in winter wheat

2017 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clémence Ravier ◽  
Miguel Quemada ◽  
Marie-Hélène Jeuffroy
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Chlorophyll Meter ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition Index

scholarly journals Intercropping of Faba Bean with Barley at Various Spatial Arrangements Affects Dry Matter and N Yield, Nitrogen Nutrition Index, and Interspecific Competition

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1116-1127
Author(s):  
Christos A. DORDAS ◽  
Anastasios S. LITHOURGIDIS ◽  
Kalliopi GALANOPOULOU
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Digital Object Identifier ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
N Yield

Intercropping is the cultivation of two or more crop species on the same area of land, and can improve yield, forage quality, and soil health. Despite the fact that intercropping is an old practice, it received significant attention the last years because of the environmental impact that it has. However, the effect of the various spatial arrangements of the different species that are used in an intercropping system was not determined. The objective of the present study was to study the yield, growth and nitrogen (N) uptake rate, N nutrition index (NNI) of barley, interspecific competition, quality and financial outcome of intercrops of faba bean (Vicia faba L. var. equina) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with various spatial arrangements (1:1, 2:2, 2:1 alternate rows, and mixed in the same row). The land equivalent ratio (LER), relative crowding coefficient (K), actual yield loss (AYL) and system productivity index (SPI) values were greater for the FB:B intercrop of 2:1, indicating the advantage of intercropping in terms of dry matter and N yield. Sole cropping of barley showed a reduction in NNI by 7 %, whereas NNI for barley increased by an average of 14% in intercropping treatments. Based on biomass production and the competition indices for dry matter and N yield, and NNI the FB:B intercrop of 2:1 was more advantageous than faba bean and barley monocrops, as well as the other intercropping treatments that were tested.   ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

The effect of ammonium sulphate treated with a nitrification inhibitor, and calcium nitrate, on growth and N-uptake of spring wheat, ryegrass and kale

1970 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Spratt ◽  
J. K. R. Gasser
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Wheat Grain

SUMMARYWheat, ryegrass and kale were grown with ammonium sulphate (treated with a nitrification inhibitor) or calcium nitrate supplying 50 and 100 lb N/acre, and without fertilizer-N. Plants were sampled at various stages, dry weights measured, percentage N determined and N uptakes calculated.Initially wheat and ryegrass grew better and took up more N with ammonium fertilizer than with nitrate. Final yields of dry matter did not differ between forms. Kale produced more dry matter with calcium nitrate than with ammonium sulphate. All crops produced more dry matter with fertilizer-N than without. Fertilized crops contained greatest weights of N 109 days after sowing, when wheat and ryegrass had more with ammonium than with nitrate and kale had less. The 50 lb N/acre as calcium nitrate produced the most wheat grain/lb of fertilizer-N.During the period when growth and N uptake were fastest, wheat grew faster with ammonium than with nitrate, ryegrass grew similarly with both forms, and kale faster with nitrate; wheat and ryegrass took up N faster from ammonium sulphate and kale from calcium nitrate.Mature wheat recovered 58% of the fertilizer-N from calcium nitrate and 43% from ammonium sulphate. After 21 weeks of growth, kale recovered more N from calcium nitrate (50%) than from ammonium sulphate (24%), whereas grass recovered about 40% from each.

scholarly journals Research of various technological methods of application of a biological preparation of LPB on spring wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 196 (5) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Galina Rabinovich ◽  
Yuliya Smirnova ◽  
Natal'ya Fomicheva
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Biological Preparation ◽  
Foliar Treatment ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Technological Methods ◽  
Methods Of Application

Abstract. The purpose of the research was to determine the most effective technological method of applying the LPB biological preparation on spring wheat crops. Research methodology and methods. Studies were conducted on sod-podzolic soil in 2017–2019 in the Tver region. The composition of the LPB includes agronomically useful microflora (from n×109 to n×1012 CFU/ml), physiologically active substances, a complex of macro- and micronutrients. The following technological techniques were studied: seed treatment before sowing, double foliar treatment of vegetating plants, and combining these techniques. Results. All the studied technological methods of application of LPB contributed to an increase in the yield of spring wheat grain. The highest yield on average for three years of research was obtained by combining the methods of seed treatment with a 1% solution of LPB and foliar treatment plants at a dose of 3 l/ha – 2.96 t/ha (in the control of 2.63 t/ha). The maximum yield is formed primarily by increasing the productivity of stems (95 %). In addition, the use of LPB in all research variants contributed to a significant increase in the number of grains in the ear by 1.2–1.9 PCs, there was a tendency to increase the mass of 1000 grains. Observed an increase in the nitrogen content in the soil in the variants with the introduction of LPB due to the activation of the nitrogen-transforming microflora, which is confirmed by correlations. The increase in nitrogen nutrition of wheat and the biochemical processes that take place in plants under the influence of LFB, led to an increase in the protein content of wheat grain. Scientific novelty. A new promising biological product of the LPB is proposed, for which the most effective agrotechnological method of application for spring wheat crops is selected, which allows to increase the yield of this crop, its quality, as well as improve the agrochemical and microbiological parameters of the soil.

Growth and Phosphate Absorption in Lettuce and Cabbage Plants in Dilute Solution Culture

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 505 ◽  
Author(s):  
MG Temple-Smith ◽  
RC Menary
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Lower Solution ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Phosphate Absorption ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Total Plant

Growth and phosphate absorption of lettuce and cabbage plants were compared at seven solution phosphate concentrations in the range 0.06-8.0 �M. Phosphate levels were maintained constant throughout the 35-day growth period by the use of large volume (450 litres per 24 plants) continuous- flow solution culture units. Both lettuce and cabbage achieved maximum relative growth rates of approximately 14 g dry matter per 100 g dry matter per day. For cabbage this rate of growth was achieved at a solution phosphate concentration of 0.5 �M. However, to attain the same rate of growth, lettuce required a solution phosphate level at least fourfold greater (between 2.0 and 4.0 �M) . These phosphate concentrations are many times lower than those previously reported for maximum yield of these species. The ability of cabbage to achieve maximum dry matter yield at lower solution phosphate concentrations than that required by lettuce appears to be due to a combination of its greater rate of phosphate absorption per unit of root at low phosphate concentrations, its higher proportion of total plant phosphorus and dry matter contained in the shoot, and its higher phosphate utilization quotient at maximum yield.

scholarly journals The dry nitrogen yields nitrogen uptake, and the efficacy on nitrogen fertilisation in long-term experiment in Prague

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 337-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kubát ◽  
J. Klír ◽  
D. Pova
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Term Field

Long-term field experiments conducted under different soil and climate conditions and their databases provide invaluable information and are indispensable means in the study of the productivity and sustainability of the soil management systems. We evaluated the results of the dry matter yields of the main products obtained with four variants of organic and mineral fertilisation in three long-term field experiments established in 1955. The experiments differed in the cultivated crops. The period of evaluation was 12 and 16 years (1985–2000), respectively. The productivity of nine-year crop rotation was lower with the fertilised variants than that with the alternative growing of spring wheat and sugar beets. The dry matter yields on the Nil variants, however, were higher in the crop rotation than in the alternate sugar beet and spring wheat growing, apparently due to the symbiotic nitrogen fixation. The dry matter yields of sugar beet and mainly of spring wheat declined in almost all variants of fertilisation in the alternate sugar beet and spring wheat growing, over the evaluated time period. In spite of the relatively high dry matter production, the declining yields indicated a lower sustainability of the alternate cropping system. Both organic and mineral fertilisation increased the production of the cultivated crops. The differences in the average dry matter yields were statistically significant. Both organic and mineral fertilisation enhanced significantly the N-uptake by the cultivated crops. The effectivity of nitrogen input was the highest with the alternate cropping of sugar beet and spring wheat indicating that it was more demanding for the external N-input and thus less sustainable than nine-year crop rotation.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Nodulation and Nitrogen Nutrition of Leguminous Crops by Selected Heavy Metals

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. ASWR.S21098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir A. Haddad ◽  
M. Ali Tabatabai ◽  
Abdel-Moneim A. Abdel-Moneim ◽  
Thomas E. Loynachan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Leguminous Crops

This work studied the effects, under greenhouse conditions, of six heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb) on three leguminous crops representing food, feed, and forage crops commonly grown in Egypt. Metal concentrations ranged from 0 to as high as 4.8 mmol kg−1 soil. Results showed that all three plant parameters measured (dry matter yield, nodulation, and N uptake) decreased significantly with increasing heavy-metal concentrations. Plots of the natural log of each parameter against metal concentration were linear within the ranges studies. From the slopes of these regression lines, the concentration of each heavy metal required to achieve 50% reduction ( R50) of each parameter was calculated. In general, the lowest metal concentrations for R50 were for Cd2+ and Pb2+ and the highest were for Cr3+ and Cu2+. Heavy-metal additions to soils should be closely monitored because they can negatively affect nodulation and N nutrition of leguminous crops.

scholarly journals Supplying nitrate before bud break induces pronounced changes in nitrogen nutrition and growth of young poplars

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suraphon Thitithanakul ◽  
Gilles Pétel ◽  
Michel Chalot ◽  
François Beaujard
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Supply ◽  
C And N ◽  
N Remobilisation

Tree nutrient research concentrated on endogenous C and N remobilisation in spring has neglected to acknowledge the possibilities of significant effects of N uptake before bud break, especially on the quality of regrowth and N reserve remobilisation. To investigate this subject, experimental studies were performed on young poplars (Populus tremula × Populus alba, clone INRA 717–1B4) grown with a controlled nutrient supply: (i) without N, ‘control’; (ii) N supplied throughout the course of the experiment, ‘N-supply’; and (iii) N supplied only before bud break, ‘N-pulse’. Results confirm the hypothesis that poplar scions can significantly take up nitrate before bud break, amounting to ~34% of the total N stored the previous year. After bud break, emerging leaves restart the sap flow, which increased nitrate uptake to support the regrowth. N-pulse and N-supply treatments were found to have significant effects shortly after a growth period, i.e. by increasing N content of all tissues (e.g. 37 and 81% in new shoots respectively), leaf area (18 and 29%) and specific leaf area (20 and 35%). Therefore, results confirm the hypothesis that early N supply plays a significant role in the N status and N remobilisation involved in the spring regrowth of young trees.

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