Growth and Phosphate Absorption in Lettuce and Cabbage Plants in Dilute Solution Culture

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 505 ◽  
Author(s):  
MG Temple-Smith ◽  
RC Menary
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Lower Solution ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Phosphate Absorption ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Total Plant

Growth and phosphate absorption of lettuce and cabbage plants were compared at seven solution phosphate concentrations in the range 0.06-8.0 �M. Phosphate levels were maintained constant throughout the 35-day growth period by the use of large volume (450 litres per 24 plants) continuous- flow solution culture units. Both lettuce and cabbage achieved maximum relative growth rates of approximately 14 g dry matter per 100 g dry matter per day. For cabbage this rate of growth was achieved at a solution phosphate concentration of 0.5 �M. However, to attain the same rate of growth, lettuce required a solution phosphate level at least fourfold greater (between 2.0 and 4.0 �M) . These phosphate concentrations are many times lower than those previously reported for maximum yield of these species. The ability of cabbage to achieve maximum dry matter yield at lower solution phosphate concentrations than that required by lettuce appears to be due to a combination of its greater rate of phosphate absorption per unit of root at low phosphate concentrations, its higher proportion of total plant phosphorus and dry matter contained in the shoot, and its higher phosphate utilization quotient at maximum yield.

Growth, Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation in Stylosanthes: Effect of Different Root Temperatures at two Shoot Temperatures

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Date ◽  
D. Ratcliff
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Root Temperature ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Stylosanthes Hamata ◽  
Nitrogen Yields ◽  
Controlled Environments

SUMMARYNodulated plants of Stylosanthes hamata, S. guianensis, S. humilis, S. scabra and S. fruticosa were grown in controlled environments with varied root and shoot temperatures. Measurement of dry matter and nitrogen content suggested that shoot temperature may be more important than root temperature in controlling growth and nitrogen fixation. There were strong interactions with variety. A fall in relative growth rate with increase in shoot temperature was least for S. guianensis and greatest for S. hamata and S. scabra. The optimum root temperature for growth and nitrogen fixation was approximately 30°C. Ninety percent maximum yield was achieved between root temperatures of 15–36°C for growth and 23–34°C for nitrogen fixation but varied with variety. Nitrogen fixation was more sensitive than dry weight to root temperature. The pattern of response of percentage nitrogen and nitrogen fixation efficiency reflected those for dry weight and nitrogen yields. Shoot to root ratios decreased toward the optimum root temperature then increased at the highest temperature. The reaction of varieties to root and shoot temperatures may be an important factor in determining their suitability for new regions.

The Relative Growth of Parts in Palaemon Carcinus

1930 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
M. A. TAZELAAR
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rates Of Growth

Linear measurements of certain appendages and the carapace of P. carcinus were made and plotted in various ways. The following conclusions were drawn: 1. The cheliped shows heterogonic growth in both male and female, but more markedly in the male, the values of k being: male 1.8 and female 1.48 2. The pereiopods in both male and female are slightly heterogonic. The relative growth rates are graded from p3 to p5, that of p3 being slightly greater than that of p5 3. Of the ordinary pereiopods the rate of growth of p1 is the smallest in the male, but the largest in the female. 4. The difference between the rates of growth of p1 and p3 in male and female is greatest where the rate of growth in the heterogonic organ, the cheliped, is most excessive in the male. 5. The growth of the 3rd maxilliped is slightly negatively heterogonic, the value of k in the male being 0.93 and in the female 0.95. Hence there seems to be a correlation between the marked heterogony in the cheliped on the growth rate of neighbouring appendages. In those immediately posterior to the cheliped the growth rate is increased and in those anterior decreased.

The influence of light quality and carbon dioxide enrichment on the growth and physiology of seedlings of three conifer species. I. Growth responses

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hoddinott ◽  
Rickey Scott
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Flux Ratio ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates

Plant growth responds to light quality, as evaluated by the red/far-red (R/FR) quantum flux ratio, and to the level of CO2. Pinus banksiana, Picea mariana and Picea glauca seedlings were raised at 350, 700, or 1050 μL∙L−1 CO2 and high or low R/FR ratios and growth was measured over a 16-week growth period. Far-red rich light enhanced the whole plant and height relative growth rates of Pinus banksiana. The three species showed species specific responses in plant organ relative growth rates and partitioning ratios. On the basis of their biomass partitioning the species would be ranked Pinus banksiana < Picea mariana < Picea glauca for shade tolerance. In commercial operations, seedlings grown for outplanting are selected, in part, on the basis of plant form as described by the stem height/diameter ratio. More desirable ratios were obtained at ambient CO2 concentrations for Pinus banksiana and Picea mariana in red rich light and for Picea glauca in far-red rich light. Keywords: seedling growth, light quality, CO2 enrichment.

Using simple RGB Camera to estimate Nitrogen Uptake, Nitrogen Nutrition Index (NNI) and critical Nitrogen: Spring wheat case study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiftah Ben-Asher
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition Index ◽  
Grain Unit

&lt;p&gt;The first Nc dilution curve was based on dry matter (DM) power function. This model is limited to&amp;#160; point of singularity near zero. Another disadvantage was that it required meaasurements of DM which is time and labor consuming. Alternatively we proposed a logistic model that starts at zero and on the abscissa assumed a linear relationship between days after emergence (DAE) and DM throughout the relevant stages of wheat growth cycle. &amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Objectives of this study were to: 1) To demonstrate the feasibility of digital camera to replace laboratory tests. 2) To Determine critical N (Nc) and Nitrogen nutrition Index(NNI) of spring wheat and 3) Use N% and dry matter yield in order to calculate N uptake by wheat. This last is expected to be a tool to calculate the required amount of nitrogen to obtain maximum yield.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Wheat experiments were conducted in greenhouse lysimeters. Varied rates of N fertilizer (equivalent to 0&amp;#8211;180 kg ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) and several&amp;#160; cultivars varying from shortest to longest ripening growth period. Nc reduced gradually from about 6% to 2%&amp;#160; ( =60-20 gr/Kg) when DM increased with DAE&amp;#160; from 0 to 14,000 kg/ha during 80 growing days.&amp;#160; NNI was stable and clearly distinct between &amp;#160;&amp;#160;maximal index (1.0 &amp;#160;and minimal index (0.2) when (DAE) was about 60;&amp;#160;&amp;#160; Photographs succeeded to replicate laboratory measurements and obtained a linear regression curve with a unity&amp;#160; slop and r&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=0.93. Nitrogen.&amp;#160; use efficiency (NUE) ranged from 50 to 65 kg&amp;#160; DM/unit N and from 30 to 50 Kg grain /unit N&amp;#160;.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals THE GROWTH AND DURATION OF LIFE OF CELOSIA CRISTATA SEEDLINGS AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES

1934 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 763-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas I. Edwards ◽  
Raymond Pearl ◽  
Sophia A. Gould
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Hypocotyl Length ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Life Duration ◽  
Celosia Cristata ◽  
The Mean

Daily measurements of hypocotyl length were made on Celosia cristata seedlings cultured in darkness under aseptic conditions at six constant temperatures between 14.5° and 40.5°C. At 40.5° roots did not penetrate the agar and only the hypocotyls that were supported by the wall of the test tube could be measured. The growth curves were of the generalized logistic type, but of different degrees of skewness. The degree of symmetry of the growth curves was influenced by temperature. At the lower temperatures the maximal growth rate came relatively late in the grand period of growth; at successively higher temperatures it came progressively earlier. The mean total time rate of growth (millimeter per diem) was found to be a parabolic function of the temperature. The maximum rate of growth was found from the curve to be at 30.48°C. The maximum observed rate of growth, and the maximum yield, were found to be at 30°C. At all temperatures above 14.5° the maximum growth activity fell in the second quarter of the whole growth period. At all temperatures tested other than 30°, and at all parts of the growth cycle, the growth yield as measured by height of hypocotyl at any given equivalent point was less than at 30°. The total duration of life of the seedlings, and the duration of life after the end of the growth period (intermediate period) were inversely proportional to the mean total growth rate. The observations on Celosia cristata seedlings are thus in accord with the "rate of living" theory of life duration. The optimal temperature for life duration is the minimum temperature, within the range of these observations.

scholarly journals Performance of Tissue-cultured Primocane-fruiting Red Raspberries Following Chilling

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 590-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Privé ◽  
J. Alan Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Individual Component ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Total Plant

Growth rates for two types of tissue-cultured plant stock for `Heritage', `Ruby', and `Redwing' red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) were examined. Actively growing plantlets from the greenhouse (G) were compared to cold-treated (CT) plantlets from cold storage. The greatest differences between these two occurred during the first 6 weeks after planting. At 4 weeks, CT plants for all cultivars had longer canes and internodes, sometimes twice that of G plants. Although `Heritage' had greater total plant dry weights following chilling, `Ruby' and `Redwing' had less. Chilling had no effect on `Heritage' root growth but did reduce root dry weight for `Redwing' and `Ruby'. Relative growth rate (RGR) and leaf area ratio (L-AR) were more effective variables for analyzing growth as they considered differences in initial biomass and cane number and provided a better representation of the data during the initial 6 weeks of growth. All cultivars showed a greater total plant RGR and LAR for the CT plants at 6 weeks. During the first 4 weeks, the G plants were more efficient producers of root dry matter while the CT plants were more efficient producers of cane dry matter. By 6 weeks, the G plants had partitioned a greater percentage of their assimilates into cane growth while the leaves, canes, and roots of the CT plants contributed equally to total RGR. No difference in total or individual component RGR was observed after 6 weeks.

Effects of Seed Size on Growth and Yield of Maize in the Kenya Highlands

1979 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Hawkins ◽  
P. J. M. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Relative Differences

SUMMARYMaize was grown from three batches of seed, with mean 1000-grain weights of 225, 432 and 649 g. Initial plant size was larger when grown from large seed, but development rates were similar for all three sizes and relative growth rates were similar during the early stages. Relative differences in plant size became smaller as the crop matured. Crop growth rates during the linear phase of dry matter production were the same, and there were no significant yield differences. Comparisons of leaf and spikelet initiation, and individual leaf size are also reported.

Growth and yield of irrigated wheat varieties at several rates of nitrogen fertilizer

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (27) ◽  
pp. 337 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Syme
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Irrigated Wheat ◽  
Large Response

In an irrigated wheat experiment two Australian varieties and two introduced semi-dwarf varieties were compared in growth and yield, each at three levels of nitrogen fertilizer. The semi-dwarf wheats yielded more grain than Heron and Olympic in the sampling harvest, the increase over Heron being 26 per cent for Mexico 120 and 15 per cent for Chile 1B. This higher yield resulted from a longer duration of grain growth, probably associated with earlier flowering. The semi-dwarfs produced fewer tillers, both at the maximum and at maturity. Their higher yield was derived not from increased total dry matter production but from an increased harvest index. Nitrogen fertilizer stimulated tillering and early growth and increased the weight of grain set at flowering. Relative growth rates at each fertilizer level then remained approximately equal until maturity. Although there was a large response to nitrogen, there was no varietal interaction, possibly because of the relatively low level of production and absence of severe lodging.

Response to salinity in Glycine. 3. Dry matter accumulation in three Australian species and G. javanica

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (24) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Glycine Species ◽  
Free Treatment

In glasshouse solution culture the growth and response to salinity of three native Australian Glycine species, G.falcata Benth., G. tomentella Hayata, and G. tabacina (Labill.) Benth., and two varieties of the introduced species G. javanica L., Cooper and Tinaroo, were compared. Seedlings with five trifoliate leaves received ten days of salinity stress and were then returned to basal nutrient. In the salt-free treatment all species grew well although the relative growth rate of the javanica varieties was slightly higher than the native species. Nevertheless, the yield of G. falcata and G. tomentella was comparable to that of the lavanica varieties ; G. tabacina, however, yielded poorly. The native species also differed from the javancca varieties in seed weight, time trends in distribution of dry matter, and flowering. Yield and relative growth rate declined with increasing salt concentration in all species, and, on return to basal nutrient, recovery in relative growth rate was delayed roughly in proportion to the severity of the previous salt stress. G. javanica var. Cooper was more salt tolerant than G. fomentella, and G. tabacina, and was also the most productive plant at all levels of salinity.

GROWTH OF DIGESTIVE ORGANS AND THEIR CONTENTS IN HOLSTEIN STEERS: RELATION TO BODY WEIGHT AND DIET

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. BAILEY
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Solid Diet

Holstein steers given concentrate or roughage diets were slaughtered at 60, 100, 200, 300, 400, or 500 kg liveweight. Their gastrointestinal tracts were separated into reticulo-rumen, omasum, abomasum, and intestine, emptied of digesta and weighed. Growth of organs relative to growth of the empty body as a whole was described by the allometric equation (Y = aXb). Relative growth rates of the organs were greater than that of the empty body during transition from milk to a solid diet, and less than that of the empty body (b < 1) after the transition. Post-transition growth rate of the reticulo-rumen was greater than that of the other organs. Diet had no effect on weights of reticulo-rumen, abomasum, or intestine, but omasa of hay-fed steers were heavier than those of concentrate-fed steers. Weight of digesta increased substantially during transition to full anatomical development of the gastrointestinal tract, and thereafter continued to increase in all organs except the abomasum. Hay-fed steers had more digesta in the reticulo-rumina, omasa, and intestines and the digesta had a lower percentage of dry matter than in concentrate-fed steers. Within diets, total digesta dry matter in the entire tract, the reticulo-rumen, and the intestine was proportional to dry matter intake, and it was suggested that development of a prediction equation for estimating digesta from dry matter intake might be possible if more information were obtained on how differences in the amount and nature of diet and the time elapsed since the previous meal affect weight of digesta. Key words: Cattle, diet, digesta, digestive tract, growth

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