scholarly journals Process-based flood damage modelling relying on expert knowledge: a methodological contribution applied to agricultural sector

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Brémond ◽  
Anne-Laurence Agenais ◽  
Frédéric Grelot ◽  
Claire Richert
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Damage Functions ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Feedback Data ◽  
Process Based Models

Abstract. Flood damage assessment is crucial for evaluating flood management policies. In particular, properly assessing damage to the agricultural assets is important because they may have greater exposure and are complex economic systems. The modelling approaches used to assess flood damage are of several types and can be fed by damage data collected post-flood, from experiments or based on expert knowledge. The process-based models fed by expert knowledge are subject of research and also widely used in an operational way. Although identified as potentially transferable, they are in reality often case-specific and difficult to reuse in time (updatbililty) and space (transferability). In this paper, we argue that process-based models are not doomed to be context specific as far as the modelling process is rigorous. We propose a methodological framework aiming at verifying the conditions necessary to develop these models in a spirit of capitalisation by relying on four axes which are: i/ the explicitation of assumptions, ii/ the validation, iii/ the updatability, iv/ the transferability. The methodological framework is then applied to the model we have developed in France to produce national damage functions for the agricultural sector. We show in this paper that the proposed methodological framework allows an explicit description of the modelling assumptions and data used, which is necessary to consider a reuse in time or a transfer to another geographical area. We also highlight that despite the lack of feedback data on post-flood damages, the proposed methodological framework is a solid basis to consider the validation, transfer, comparison and capitalisation of data collected around process-based models relying on expert knowledge. In conclusion, we identify research tracks to be implemented to pursue this improvement in a spirit of capitalisation and international cooperation.

scholarly journals Review Article: Economic evaluation of flood damage to agriculture – review and analysis of existing methods

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2493-2512 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Brémond ◽  
F. Grelot ◽  
A.-L. Agenais
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Damage Functions ◽  
Damage Indicators ◽  
Potential Damage ◽  
Damage Categories

Abstract. In Europe, economic evaluation of flood management projects is increasingly used to help decision making. At the same time, the management of flood risk is shifting towards new concepts such as giving more room to water by restoring floodplains. Agricultural areas are particularly targeted by projects following those concepts since they are frequently located in floodplain areas and since the potential damage to such areas is expected to be lower than to cities or industries for example. Additional or avoided damage to agriculture may have a major influence on decisions concerning these projects and the economic evaluation of flood damage to agriculture is thus an issue that needs to be tackled. The question of flood damage to agriculture can be addressed in different ways. This paper reviews and analyzes existing studies which have developed or used damage functions for agriculture in the framework of an economic appraisal of flood management projects. A conceptual framework of damage categories is proposed for the agricultural sector. The damage categories were used to structure the review. Then, a total of 42 studies are described, with a detailed review of 26 of them, based on the following criteria: types of damage considered, the influential flood parameters chosen, and monetized damage indicators used. The main recommendations resulting from this review are that even if existing methods have already focused on damage to crops, still some improvement is needed for crop damage functions. There is also a need to develop damage functions for other agricultural damage categories, including farm buildings and their contents. Finally, to cover all possible agricultural damage, and in particular loss of activity, a farm scale approach needs to be used.

scholarly journals Uncertainties in Coastal Flood Risk Assessments in Small Island Developing States

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo U. Parodi ◽  
Alessio Giardino ◽  
Ap van Dongeren ◽  
Stuart G. Pearson ◽  
Jeremy D. Bricker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Small Island Developing States ◽  
Damage Functions ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Coastal Flood ◽  
Coastal Flood Risk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Considering the likely increase of coastal flooding in Small Island Developing States (SIDS), coastal managers at the local and global level have been developing initiatives aimed at implementing Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) measures and adapting to climate change. Developing science-based adaptation policies requires accurate coastal flood risk (CFR) assessments, which are often subject to the scarcity of sufficiently accurate input data for insular states. We analysed the impact of uncertain inputs on coastal flood damage estimates, considering: (i) significant wave height, (ii) storm surge level and (iii) sea level rise (SLR) contributions to extreme sea levels, as well as the error-driven uncertainty in (iv) bathymetric and (v) topographic datasets, (vi) damage models and (vii) socioeconomic changes. The methodology was tested through a sensitivity analysis using an ensemble of hydrodynamic models (XBeach and SFINCS) coupled with an impact model (Delft-FIAT) for a case study at the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe. Model results indicate that for the current time horizon, depth damage functions (DDF) and digital elevation model (DEM) dominate the overall damage estimation uncertainty. We find that, when introducing climate and socioeconomic uncertainties to the analysis, SLR projections become the most relevant input for the year 2100 (followed by DEM and DDF). In general, the scarcity of reliable input data leads to considerable predictive error in CFR assessments in SIDS. The findings of this research can help to prioritise the allocation of limited resources towards the acquisitions of the most relevant input data for reliable impact estimation.

scholarly journals Estimation of an absolute flood damage curve based on an Austrian case study under a dam breach scenario

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 881-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Prettenthaler ◽  
P. Amrusch ◽  
C. Habsburg-Lothringen
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Damage Function ◽  
Damage Potential ◽  
Dam Breach ◽  
Damage Functions ◽  
Austrian Case

Abstract. To date, in Austria no empirical assessment of absolute damage curves has been realized on the basis of detailed information on flooded buildings due to a dam breach, presumably because of the lack of data. This paper tries to fill this gap by estimating an absolute flood-damage curve, based on data of a recent flood event in Austria in 2006. First, a concise analysis of the case study area is conducted, i.e., the maximum damage potential is identified by using raster-based GIS. Thereafter, previous literature findings on existing flood-damage functions are considered in order to determine a volume-water damage function that can be used for further flood damage assessment. Finally, the flood damage function is cross validated and applied in prediction of damage potential in the study area. For future development of the estimated flood damage curve, and to aid more general use, we propose verification against field data on damage caused by natural waves in rivers.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF FLOOD DAMAGE FUNCTIONS BASED ON INSURANCE LOSS DUE TO 2015 KANTO-TOHOKU HEAVY RAINFALL

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. I_1279-I_1284
Author(s):  
Rikito HISAMATSU ◽  
Ken KAWABE ◽  
Yusuke MIZUNO ◽  
Yoshinobu SHINOZUKA ◽  
Kei HORIE
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Damage Functions

scholarly journals Flood hazard assessment of a flood-prone intensively urbanized area – A case study from Samsun Province, Turkey

Geofizika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Neslihan Beden ◽  
Aslı Ülke Keskin
Keyword(s):  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Hazard Maps ◽  
Flood Depth ◽  
The Social ◽  
Flood Hazard Maps

Flooding is one of the most catastrophic events among the wide spectrum of natural disasters that impact human communities. The identification of floodprone areas and the probability of occurrence, or estimated return period, of flood events are fundamental to proper planning for flood management and minimization of the social and economic costs of flood damage. In this study, 1D/2D coupled flood models of the Mert River, which flows into the Black Sea at Samsun in north-central Turkey, were developed. Based on the flood modeling results, flood extent, flood depth and flood hazard maps for the river were produced and they showed that the study area is particularly flood prone, as evidenced by catastrophic flooding in 2012. Specifically, the estimated 100, 500 and 1000-year peak discharges would affect 184 ha, 262 ha and 304 ha, respectively, of the 1,200 ha study area. Hazard ratings for the areas expected to be affected are shown in the flood hazard maps generated. The results of this research can be used by local government agencies in Samsun for the development of policies, strategies and actions that would help minimize the social and economic impacts of flooding, especially adjacent to the downstream sections where there is intensive development on the flood plain.

Multi-objective optimisation of cost–benefit of urban flood management using a 1D2D coupled model

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1053-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Delelegn ◽  
A. Pathirana ◽  
B. Gersonius ◽  
A. G. Adeogun ◽  
K. Vairavamoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Flow Model ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Evolutionary Optimisation

This paper presents a multi-objective optimisation (MOO) tool for urban drainage management that is based on a 1D2D coupled model of SWMM5 (1D sub-surface flow model) and BreZo (2D surface flow model). This coupled model is linked with NSGA-II, which is an Evolutionary Algorithm-based optimiser. Previously the combination of a surface/sub-surface flow model and evolutionary optimisation has been considered to be infeasible due to the computational demands. The 1D2D coupled model used here shows a computational efficiency that is acceptable for optimisation. This technological advance is the result of the application of a triangular irregular discretisation process and an explicit finite volume solver in the 2D surface flow model. Besides that, OpenMP based parallelisation was employed at optimiser level to further improve the computational speed of the MOO tool. The MOO tool has been applied to an existing sewer network in West Garforth, UK. This application demonstrates the advantages of using multi-objective optimisation by providing an easy-to-comprehend Pareto-optimal front (relating investment cost to expected flood damage) that could be used for decision making processes, without repeatedly going through the modelling–optimisation stage.

scholarly journals Agroecology in Mediterranean Europe: Genesis, State and Perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Migliorini ◽  
Vasileios Gkisakis ◽  
Victor Gonzalvez ◽  
Ma Raigón ◽  
Paolo Bàrberi
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Mediterranean Europe ◽  
The Mediterranean

The Mediterranean agro-food systems need to be properly managed. A promising pathway is the transition towards more sustainable food systems through agroecology, which represents the ecology of food systems. In this paper, the state-of-the-art of agroecology is described for three representative euro-Mediterranean countries: Italy, Greece, and Spain. The analysis has been partly based on results of a dedicated literature search and partly on grey literature and expert knowledge. After an overview of the history of agroecology, targeted research and education, collective action (political and social), and some agroecological practices in the three countries are presented. These countries share a rather similar use of the term “agroecology”, but they differ regarding (i) the existence/extent of strong civil and social movements; (ii) the type of study/educational programmes, and the relative importance of different scientific disciplines and their evolution; (iii) the development of political support and legal frameworks; and (iv) the elaboration of concepts to rediscover traditional practices and apply new ones, often taken from the organic agriculture sector. Agroecology is an emerging concept for the Mediterranean agricultural sector, with huge potential due to the peculiar socio-cultural, bio-physical, and political-economic features of the region. To boost agroecology in Mediterranean Europe, better networking and engagement of different actors within a coherent institutional framework supporting the transition is strongly needed.

Tradeoffs in water extremes: combining hydraulic and economic modeling to assess the economic and financial viability of de Lastras de Cuéllar Dam, Spain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor González López ◽  
C. Dionisio Pérez-Blanco ◽  
Laura Gil-García
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Economic Modeling ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Regulated River ◽  
Damage Functions ◽  
Flood Depth ◽  
Operation Rules ◽  
Floods And Droughts

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Growing population and water demand (e.g for irrigation, water supply) and the vagaries of climate, now aggravated due to climate change, intensify societal exposure to water extremes and the economic and environmental impact of floods and droughts in Mediterranean basins. The Douro River Basin Authority (DRBA) in central Spain is assessing whether to build a dam in the Cega Catchment (Spain) with the twofold objective of substituting irrigation withdrawals from overallocated aquifers with relatively more abundant surface water, and of mitigating flood damage in the middle and lower stretches of the Cega River -the only non-regulated river in the DRB. This paper assesses and compares the costs of two alternative adaptation strategies to growing scarcity and more frequent and intense water extremes, namely dam construction v. the statu quo strategy where no dam is built. To this end, a Positive Multi-Attribute Utility Programing (PMAUP) that mimics farmer´s behavior and responses is used to assess the impacts on agricultural employment and gross value added of selected strategies in the irrigation sector; while the hydrologic model River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) is used to simulate the economic impact of flood events considering standard return periods, based on the global flood depth-damage functions developed by Huizinga et al. (2017). Both models are used to run 900 simulations reproducing alternative socioeconomic and climatic/hydrologic scenarios. The result is a database representing multiple plausible futures, which is used to identify vulnerabilities of proposed adaptation strategies and potential tradeoffs between responses -notably those referring to the design and operation rules of the dam, and the potential impact of floods and droughts. This methodology and the resultant database are combined with experts’ knowledge through robust decision-making tools to identify the preferred (i.e. robust) adaptation policy.</p>

scholarly journals How reliable are projections of future flood damage?

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3293-3306 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bubeck ◽  
H. de Moel ◽  
L. M. Bouwer ◽  
J. C. J. H. Aerts
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Flood Risk Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
River Rhine ◽  
Damage Functions ◽  
Damage Modelling ◽  
Asset Values ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Modelling Approaches

Abstract. Flood damage modelling is an important component in flood risk management, and several studies have investigated the possible range of flood damage in the coming decades. Generally, flood damage assessments are still characterized by considerable uncertainties in stage-damage functions and methodological differences in estimating exposed asset values. The high variance that is commonly associated with absolute flood damage assessments is the reason for the present study that investigates the reliability of estimates of relative changes in the development of potential flood damage. While studies that estimate (relative) changes in flood damage over time usually address uncertainties resulting from different projections (e.g. land-use characteristics), the influence of different flood damage modelling approaches on estimates of relative changes in the development of flood damage is largely unknown. In this paper, we evaluate the reliability of estimates of relative changes in flood damage along the river Rhine between 1990 and 2030 in terms of different flood-damage modelling approaches. The results show that relative estimates of flood damage developments differ by a factor of 1.4. These variations, which result from the application of different modelling approaches, are considerably smaller than differences between the approaches in terms of absolute damage estimates (by a factor of 3.5 to 3.8), or than differences resulting from land-use projections (by a factor of 3). The differences that exist when estimating relative changes principally depend on the differences in damage functions. In order to improve the reliability of relative estimates of changes in the development of potential flood damage, future research should focus on reducing the uncertainties related to damage functions.

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