scholarly journals Scaling property of ideal granitic sequences

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Xu ◽  
Q. Cheng ◽  
F. Agterberg
Keyword(s):  
Lake Area ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Invariance Properties ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ideal Granite ◽  
Markov Properties ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract. Quantification of granite textures and structures using a mathematical model for characterization of granites has been a long-term attempt of mathematical geologists over the past four decades. It is usually difficult to determine the influence of magma properties on mineral crystallization forming fined-grained granites due to its irregular and fine-grained textures. The ideal granite model was originally developed for modeling mineral sequences from first and second-order Markov properties. This paper proposes a new model for quantifying scale invariance properties of mineral clusters and voids observed within mineral sequences. Sequences of the minerals plagioclase, quartz and orthoclase observed under the microscope for 104 aplite samples collected from the Meech Lake area, Gatineau Park, Québec were used for validation of the model. The results show that the multi-scale approaches proposed in this paper may enable quantification of the nature of the randomness of mineral grain distributions. This, in turn, may be related to original properties of the magma.

scholarly journals Non-Local and Multi-Scale Mechanisms for Image Inpainting

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3281
Author(s):  
Xu He ◽  
Yong Yin
Keyword(s):  
Markov Random Fields ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Image Inpainting ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Relationship Of

Recently, deep learning-based techniques have shown great power in image inpainting especially dealing with squared holes. However, they fail to generate plausible results inside the missing regions for irregular and large holes as there is a lack of understanding between missing regions and existing counterparts. To overcome this limitation, we combine two non-local mechanisms including a contextual attention module (CAM) and an implicit diversified Markov random fields (ID-MRF) loss with a multi-scale architecture which uses several dense fusion blocks (DFB) based on the dense combination of dilated convolution to guide the generative network to restore discontinuous and continuous large masked areas. To prevent color discrepancies and grid-like artifacts, we apply the ID-MRF loss to improve the visual appearance by comparing similarities of long-distance feature patches. To further capture the long-term relationship of different regions in large missing regions, we introduce the CAM. Although CAM has the ability to create plausible results via reconstructing refined features, it depends on initial predicted results. Hence, we employ the DFB to obtain larger and more effective receptive fields, which benefits to predict more precise and fine-grained information for CAM. Extensive experiments on two widely-used datasets demonstrate that our proposed framework significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches both in quantity and quality.

Surgical Simulation to Evaluate Surgical Innovation: Preclinical Studies With MARTYN

2013 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
pp. 299-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hani J Marcus ◽  
Ara Darzi ◽  
Dipankar Nandi
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Simulation ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Term Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Surgical Devices ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Minimal Evidence ◽  
The Ideal

The safety and effectiveness of surgical devices have come under considerable scrutiny over the past two decades.1 New surgical tools are being introduced into the operating theatre at an increasing rate, and are often rapidly adopted with minimal evidence to support their use. while the IDEAL (idea, development, exploration, assessment, long-term study) framework provides clear recommendations for the clinical evaluation of surgical innovations,2 there is undoubtedly also a role for preclinical studies early in the product development cycle.

scholarly journals Evolution of transanal total mesorectal excision according to the IDEAL framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. e000004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sapho Xenia Roodbeen ◽  
Annalisa lo Conte ◽  
Allison Hirst ◽  
Marta Penna ◽  
Willem A Bemelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Mesorectal Excision ◽  
Rectal Cancer Surgery ◽  
Transanal Total Mesorectal Excision ◽  
Mesorectal Excision ◽  
Surgical Innovation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ideal Framework ◽  
New Surgical Technique ◽  
The Ideal

Tremendous innovations have taken place in surgical procedures, but contrary to drug development, this process has been unregulated in the past. IDEAL promotes a structured framework for the safe implementation and assessment of a new surgical technique or intervention, by describing five stages for evaluating and reporting of innovations: Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment and Long term. Transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) is a relatively new technique in rectal cancer surgery that has attracted huge interest and increasing adoption worldwide. This review article aims to provide an overview of the evolution of TaTME, according to the IDEAL framework, which guides us in the difficult yet exciting process of surgical innovation.

Correlative multi-scale characterization of a fine grained Nd–Fe–B sintered magnet

2013 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 222-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.T. Sasaki ◽  
T. Ohkubo ◽  
K. Hono ◽  
Y. Une ◽  
M. Sagawa
Keyword(s):  
Sintered Magnet ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Scale Characterization

scholarly journals Long-term (1990–2019) monitoring of forest cover changes in the humid tropics

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. eabe1603
Author(s):  
C. Vancutsem ◽  
F. Achard ◽  
J.-F. Pekel ◽  
G. Vieilledent ◽  
S. Carboni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Forest Disturbances ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Moist Forest ◽  
Forest Cover Changes ◽  
Global Carbon

Accurate characterization of tropical moist forest changes is needed to support conservation policies and to quantify their contribution to global carbon fluxes more effectively. We document, at pantropical scale, the extent and changes (degradation, deforestation, and recovery) of these forests over the past three decades. We estimate that 17% of tropical moist forests have disappeared since 1990 with a remaining area of 1071 million hectares in 2019, from which 10% are degraded. Our study underlines the importance of the degradation process in these ecosystems, in particular, as a precursor of deforestation, and in the recent increase in tropical moist forest disturbances (natural and anthropogenic degradation or deforestation). Without a reduction of the present disturbance rates, undisturbed forests will disappear entirely in large tropical humid regions by 2050. Our study suggests that reinforcing actions are needed to prevent the initial degradation that leads to forest clearance in 45% of the cases.

scholarly journals Vitreous Substitutes: The Present and the Future

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Donati ◽  
Simona Maria Caprani ◽  
Giulia Airaghi ◽  
Riccardo Vinciguerra ◽  
Luigi Bartalena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Vitreous Body ◽  
Vitreoretinal Surgery ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Vitreous Substitute ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Vitreous Substitutes ◽  
The Ideal

Vitreoretinal surgery has advanced in numerous directions during recent years. The removal of the vitreous body is one of the main characteristics of this surgical procedure. Several molecules have been tested in the past to fill the vitreous cavity and to mimic its functions. We here review the currently available vitreous substitutes, focusing on their molecular properties and functions, together with their adverse effects. Afterwards we describe the characteristics of the ideal vitreous substitute. The challenges facing every ophthalmology researcher are to reach a long-term intraocular permanence of vitreous substitute with total inertness of the molecule injected and the control of inflammatory reactions. We report new polymers with gelification characteristics and smart hydrogels representing the future of vitreoretinal surgery. Finally, we describe the current studies on vitreous regeneration and cell cultures to create new intraocular gels with optimal biocompatibility and rheological properties.

scholarly journals Propagation of Adult SSCs: From Mouse to Human

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Martin ◽  
Marco Seandel
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Surface Markers ◽  
Cell Surface Markers ◽  
Inherited Disorders ◽  
The Past ◽  
Unique Cell

Adult spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) represent a distinctive source of stem cells in mammals for several reasons. First, by giving rise to spermatogenesis, SSCs are responsible for the propagation of a father’s genetic material. As such, autologous SSCs have been considered for treatment of infertility and other purposes, including correction of inherited disorders. Second, adult spermatogonia can spontaneously produce embryonic-like stem cellsin vitro, which could be used as an alternative for therapeutic, diagnostic, or drug discovery strategies for humans. Therefore, an increasing urgency is driving efforts to understand the biology of SSCs and improve techniques to manipulate themin vitroas a prerequisite to achieve the aforementioned goals. The characterization of adult SSCs also requires reproducible methods to isolate and maintain them in long-term culture. Herein, we describe recent major advances and challenges in propagation of adult SSCs from mice and humans during the past few years, including the use of unique cell surface markers and defined cultured conditions.

On Planning University Development: Shibboleths Versus Stylised Facts?

Social Change ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jandhyala B. G. Tilak
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
University Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
University Systems ◽  
The Ideal

Reflecting on the nature and pattern of development of universities in India and abroad and drawing lessons from the past and also contemporary scene, the paper highlights a few major fallacies in planning university development, contrasting them with available evidence. It has been found that the whole approach to planning university systems seems to be guided more by immediate, short term, narrow and pecuniary considerations and compulsions and by questionable presumptions and fallacious arguments rather than by long term, broad national and global considerations and theoretically sound and empirically valid research. It also emphasises the need to resurrect the idea of the ‘ideal’ university.

Characterization of sedimentation pattern in reservoirs

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 951-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Rahmanian ◽  
Mohammad Ali Banihashemi
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Stream Power ◽  
Sediment Distribution ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Reservoir Geometry ◽  
Fine Grained Material

The observed sedimentation data from some Iranian large reservoirs were used to characterize sediment distribution patterns within these reservoirs and a modified approach was developed. This new idea is of an empirical nature and is based on some parameters obtained from the minimum stream power principle. The main advantage of this new characterization is that it eliminates the need for classification of the dam based on any extra data and solely depends on the characteristics of the reservoir geometry. It also rectifies some practical difficulties for application of the existing method. The developed technique achieved by this study is recommended for preliminary design stages to interpret long-term cumulative distribution of sediment and is applicable for reservoirs that have sediment particles that are mainly of fine-grained material.

Textile Concrete in Adverse Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 776 ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Bittner ◽  
Michaela Kostelecká ◽  
Petr Pokorný ◽  
Miroslav Vokáč ◽  
Petr Bouška
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Pore Solution ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Modern Material ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject

Textile concrete (TRC) is a modern material that has been the subject of many scientific studies over the past two decades. It is a material based on a fine-grained cement-based matrix, fiber reinforced, fabric of acrylic-resistant glass, basalt or carbon reinforcement. The products from this material are thin-walled elements, which can be used, for example, for facade claddings elements, lost formwork, shell structures, garden architecture or for strengthening or repair of existing structural elements. This paper presents some examples of the behavior of glass reinforced textile concrete during exposure to road salts, under load of bending moment, at long-term loading at elevated temperatures, and assessment of glass fiber resistance during exposure simulating concrete pore solution.

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