scholarly journals Vitreous Substitutes: The Present and the Future

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Donati ◽  
Simona Maria Caprani ◽  
Giulia Airaghi ◽  
Riccardo Vinciguerra ◽  
Luigi Bartalena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Vitreous Body ◽  
Vitreoretinal Surgery ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Vitreous Substitute ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Vitreous Substitutes ◽  
The Ideal

Vitreoretinal surgery has advanced in numerous directions during recent years. The removal of the vitreous body is one of the main characteristics of this surgical procedure. Several molecules have been tested in the past to fill the vitreous cavity and to mimic its functions. We here review the currently available vitreous substitutes, focusing on their molecular properties and functions, together with their adverse effects. Afterwards we describe the characteristics of the ideal vitreous substitute. The challenges facing every ophthalmology researcher are to reach a long-term intraocular permanence of vitreous substitute with total inertness of the molecule injected and the control of inflammatory reactions. We report new polymers with gelification characteristics and smart hydrogels representing the future of vitreoretinal surgery. Finally, we describe the current studies on vitreous regeneration and cell cultures to create new intraocular gels with optimal biocompatibility and rheological properties.

scholarly journals V. Bryusov’s Letters to His Fiancée

Literary Fact ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 8-30
Author(s):  
Monika V. Orlova
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Terminally Ill ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Relationship

The publication includes V.Ya. Bryusov’s letters to his fiancée I.M. Runt (1876 –1965) from June 9 to September 9, 1897. 11 correspondences, including the final telegram sent from Kursk, were written and sent from Aachen (Germany), Moscow and several Ukrainian localities. The letter 10 is accompanied by the full text of I.M. Runt’s only surviving letter to Bryusov, sent from Moscow to the village of Bolshye Sorochintsy and received by the poet a few months later at home. The relationship between the young people before the wedding were complicated. While the poet was preparing for the wedding in Moscow, he summed up the past contacts with “mes amantes”, and his state of mind was painful. Shortly before meeting his future wife, Bryusov broke up with the former governess of his family E.I. Pavlovskaya, who was terminally ill. A few days before the wedding he decided to go to say goodbye to Pavlovskaya to her homeland, Ukraine. In his letters to the future wife the poet tried to smooth out the tension of the situation, perhaps anticipating that he would be bounded with I.M. Runt 30 Литературный факт. 2021. № 2 (20) by a long-term relationship, where life and literature are closely interconnected. The letters are published for the first time.

scholarly journals The Art and Science of Planning a Garden's Future

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Ed Ikin
Keyword(s):  
Art And Science ◽  
Third Way ◽  
External Consultants ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future

Successful long-term plans for gardens require creativity and objectivity and need to include the insight of the horticultural teams caring for them. Garden plans take different forms and there are rival schools of thought about the merits of using external consultants or authoring exclusively in house. This essay makes the case for a ‘third way’, blending the skills of internal and external teams, and shows how the past can inspire the future.

Surgical Simulation to Evaluate Surgical Innovation: Preclinical Studies With MARTYN

2013 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
pp. 299-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hani J Marcus ◽  
Ara Darzi ◽  
Dipankar Nandi
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Simulation ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Term Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Surgical Devices ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Minimal Evidence ◽  
The Ideal

The safety and effectiveness of surgical devices have come under considerable scrutiny over the past two decades.1 New surgical tools are being introduced into the operating theatre at an increasing rate, and are often rapidly adopted with minimal evidence to support their use. while the IDEAL (idea, development, exploration, assessment, long-term study) framework provides clear recommendations for the clinical evaluation of surgical innovations,2 there is undoubtedly also a role for preclinical studies early in the product development cycle.

scholarly journals Archaeology, climate, and global change in the Age of Humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (15) ◽  
pp. 8250-8253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben C. Rick ◽  
Daniel H. Sandweiss
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Political Uncertainty ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
Human Ecodynamics ◽  
The Future ◽  
Shed Light

We live in an age characterized by increasing environmental, social, economic, and political uncertainty. Human societies face significant challenges, ranging from climate change to food security, biodiversity declines and extinction, and political instability. In response, scientists, policy makers, and the general public are seeking new interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary approaches to evaluate and identify meaningful solutions to these global challenges. Underrecognized among these challenges is the disappearing record of past environmental change, which can be key to surviving the future. Historical sciences such as archaeology access the past to provide long-term perspectives on past human ecodynamics: the interaction between human social and cultural systems and climate and environment. Such studies shed light on how we arrived at the present day and help us search for sustainable trajectories toward the future. Here, we highlight contributions by archaeology—the study of the human past—to interdisciplinary research programs designed to evaluate current social and environmental challenges and contribute to solutions for the future. The past is a multimillennial experiment in human ecodynamics, and, together with our transdisciplinary colleagues, archaeology is well positioned to uncover the lessons of that experiment.

scholarly journals Scaling property of ideal granitic sequences

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Xu ◽  
Q. Cheng ◽  
F. Agterberg
Keyword(s):  
Lake Area ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Invariance Properties ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ideal Granite ◽  
Markov Properties ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract. Quantification of granite textures and structures using a mathematical model for characterization of granites has been a long-term attempt of mathematical geologists over the past four decades. It is usually difficult to determine the influence of magma properties on mineral crystallization forming fined-grained granites due to its irregular and fine-grained textures. The ideal granite model was originally developed for modeling mineral sequences from first and second-order Markov properties. This paper proposes a new model for quantifying scale invariance properties of mineral clusters and voids observed within mineral sequences. Sequences of the minerals plagioclase, quartz and orthoclase observed under the microscope for 104 aplite samples collected from the Meech Lake area, Gatineau Park, Québec were used for validation of the model. The results show that the multi-scale approaches proposed in this paper may enable quantification of the nature of the randomness of mineral grain distributions. This, in turn, may be related to original properties of the magma.

scholarly journals Evolution of transanal total mesorectal excision according to the IDEAL framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. e000004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sapho Xenia Roodbeen ◽  
Annalisa lo Conte ◽  
Allison Hirst ◽  
Marta Penna ◽  
Willem A Bemelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Mesorectal Excision ◽  
Rectal Cancer Surgery ◽  
Transanal Total Mesorectal Excision ◽  
Mesorectal Excision ◽  
Surgical Innovation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ideal Framework ◽  
New Surgical Technique ◽  
The Ideal

Tremendous innovations have taken place in surgical procedures, but contrary to drug development, this process has been unregulated in the past. IDEAL promotes a structured framework for the safe implementation and assessment of a new surgical technique or intervention, by describing five stages for evaluating and reporting of innovations: Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment and Long term. Transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) is a relatively new technique in rectal cancer surgery that has attracted huge interest and increasing adoption worldwide. This review article aims to provide an overview of the evolution of TaTME, according to the IDEAL framework, which guides us in the difficult yet exciting process of surgical innovation.

scholarly journals The impact of adopting the euro on the Croatian economy

Notitia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-89
Author(s):  
Zlatko Čehulić ◽  
Rajka Hrbić
Keyword(s):  
Positive Influence ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

In this paper the impact of adopting the euro in Croatia is analysed using experiences of other countries which have passed through this process in the last decade and which are comparable with Croatia in many aspects. The process of adopting a currency different from the one that has been used for more than twenty years presents a very important economic question for each country. In this period preceding to adopting the euro, there is an opportunity to analyse this process in the countries which went through it in the past. The result of this paper shows the impacts of adopting the euro in the European countries. The selected countries, which are adequate for analysing the effects of adopting the euro, are: Portugal, Ireland, Greece, Spain, Slovenia, Slovakia, Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia. These countries have been selected for different reasons. The majority of these countries have some similarities with Croatia, which are shown in this paper via relevant economic indicators. These results are significant for Croatia and show a positive influence on the Croatian market on a long-term basis. This paper is relevant and has a practical basis both for Croatia and other countries which will go through this process in the future.

To Utopia and Back: A Cycle in the History of the Chinese Communist Party

1981 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 407-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart R. Schram
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Chinese Communist Party ◽  
The Past ◽  
Look Back ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Chinese Communist Party ◽  
Sixtieth Anniversary

On 1 July 1981 the Chinese Communist Party celebrated the sixtieth anniversary of its foundation. To mark this occasion, the Party itself issued a statement summing up the experience of recent decades. It seems an appropriate time for outsiders as well to look back over the history of the past 60 years, in the hope of grasping long-term tendencies which may continue to influence events in the future.

Social Policy in the Czech “Republic”: The Past and the Future of Reforms

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Večerník
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
Pension System ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Right ◽  
Political Scene

The article describes the development of Czech policy after 1989 and the controversies it caused. It first looks at the ambiguous nature of the communist welfare state and then proceeds to outline the theoretical alternatives. After early and energetic changes in the system, stagnation set in around the mid-1990s. Despite some problems, the current performance of the system is satisfactory, but its outlook in terms of long-term efficiency is unsatisfactory, as it will generate a rising debt into the future. In particular, the disadvantaged situation for families, the insufficient work motivation, and the frozen pension system are all causes for concern. The political shift to the right after 2006 ushered in reform measures and new reform plans. While reforms are necessary, their feasibility is uncertain owing to the fragility of the Czech political scene.

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