The inhibitory effect of some plant extracts in the laboratory growth characteristics of tomato seedlings

"An Laboratory experiment was carried out in the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening - Faculty of Agriculture - Diyala University for the spring season 2017 in order to study the inhibitory effects of some plant extracts on the laboratory growth characteristics of the Tomato seeds, using Petri dishes designed in Completely Randomized Design ( CRD) in three replicates to study the effect of three different concentrations (zero , 50% and 100%) of water extracts of onion, Blady grass, Nut grass and Johnson grass in the percentage of seed germination of Tomato seeds and the growth rate and some other growth characteristics of theTomato seeds. The experimental results can be summarized as follows, Plant extracts affected For each of the onion, Blady grass, Nut grass and Johnson grass and the concentrations used, and interferences between them, have a significant effect in all studied traits of Tomato seeds the treatment resulted in the plant extract of Nut grass and Johnson grass On the occurrence of high and clear inhibitions in all the studied traits of the tomato seeds, while the other plant extracts varied with the degree of inhibition.

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The effects of Triplochiton scleroxylon aqueous extracts on initial growth of some vegetable crops in Ghana

Journal of Energy and Natural Resource Management ◽

10.26796/jenrm.v1i0.22 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 93-97

Author(s):

S. Abugre

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Pathology Laboratory ◽

Root Extracts ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The effect of Triplochiton scleroxylon (wawa) aqueousextracts were tested on the seeds of tomato (Lycopersicumesculentum), pepper (Capsicum annuum ) and garden egg (Solanummelongena ) in the pathology laboratory of the Forestry Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG). Aqueous extracts of T. scleroxylon leaves (L) and roots (R) were prepared at different concentrations of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% and applied to the seeds. The effects of these treatments were assessed in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 replications. The findings showed that all the vegetable crops were affected by the different concentrations of the leaf and roots aqueous extracts (P<0.05). Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison indicated that the inhibitory effect was positively correlated with concentration of the extracts. The higher extract concentrations (6%-8%) had stronger inhibitory effect whereas; in some cases the lower concentration (2%-4%) showed stimulatory effect during germination. The radicles were more susceptible to the effect of the extracts than the plumules. The germination of L.esculentum was highly inhibited in growth by 51.4% in both the leaf and root extracts. Similarly, C.annuum recorded the highest inhibitory effect on radicle length by 72.5% in the leaf extract whilst, the highest inhibitory effects in plumule was 44%. The overall results point to an allelopathic inhibitory effect of T. scleroxylon on the three vegetable crops.

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Effects of aqueous plant extracts and inorganic fertilizer on the germination, growth and development of maize (Zea mays L.)

Journal of Agricultural Sciences Belgrade ◽

10.2298/jas1403243c ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 243-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kanayo Chukwuka ◽

Maxwell Obiakara ◽

Israel Ogunsumi

Keyword(s):

Plant Extracts ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Tap Water ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Radicle Growth ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Npk Fertilizer ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Screen house experiments were carried out to examine the effects of aqueous leaf extracts of Tithonia diversifolia (Ti) and Vernonia amygdalina (Ve), as well as NPK fertilizer (15-15-15) on the germination, growth and development of maize. Fresh leaves were collected, washed with tap water, chopped and pounded, soaked in distilled water and filtered. The two filtrates were used to prepare extracts at 50 and 100% w/v. Four maize seeds were placed in Petri dishes laid out in a completely randomized design with five replicates. In every Petri dish 10 ml of extract per treatment was added. A control experiment with distilled water was also set up. Also, in a completely randomized design with four replicates, 4-week-old potted maize plants were treated with 500 ml of each extract as well as with 1.52 g of NPK fertilizer. The results showed that the germination percentage of the seeds followed the order Ti50 - Control - Ve50. The seeds treated with aqueous extracts of T. diversifolia and V. amygdalina at 100% w/v produced lower but equal germination percentage. The seedling radicle growth was significantly inhibited by the aqueous extracts of Ti100, Ve50 and Ve100 (p?0.05). The inhibition was dose-dependent and more pronounced in seeds treated with extracts of V. amygdalina. The aqueous extract of T. diversifolia (50% w/v) and control influenced radicle growth substantially. All the extracts inhibited the plumule development compared to the control. On the other hand, growth, development and yield were not significantly affected by the plant extracts.

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Sensitivity of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Isolates from Diseased Avocado Fruits to Selected Fungicides in Kenya

Advances in Agriculture ◽

10.1155/2018/3567161 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Stanley Kirugo Kimaru ◽

E. Monda ◽

R. C. Cheruiyot ◽

J. Mbaka ◽

A. Alakonya

Keyword(s):

Mycelial Growth ◽

Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽

Field Tests ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Copper Oxychloride ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Agroecological Zones ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Growing Region

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a serious postharvest pathogen of avocado fruits worldwide. Kenya lacks any registered fungicides for the management of the disease. Nevertheless, farmers commonly use commercially available fungicides such as Bayleton 25WP (Triadimefon 250 g/Kg), Milraz 76WP (Propineb 70% and Cymoxanil 6%), and Copper oxychloride 500WP for disease management. The efficacy of these fungicides against C. gloeosporioides is not known. The purpose of this study was therefore to test the inhibitory effect of these fungicides against 46 C. gloeosporioides isolates from avocado fruits collected from varieties grown at different agroecological zones in Murang’a County, a popular avocado-growing region in Kenya. Mycelial growth rate and sporulation for each isolate were measured in vitro on PDA plates amended with different concentrations of the fungicides. Plates were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications per treatment. All fungicides were effective in vitro but there were significant differences in sensitivity among isolates. Bayleton had the highest mycelial inhibition followed by Milraz, while copper oxychloride had the lowest mycelial inhibition rates, ranging from 81% to 88%. However, copper oxychloride was more effective in inhibiting sporulation. The inhibitory effect of each fungicide was concentration-dependent, where twice the recommended concentration had the highest inhibitory effect, followed by the recommended concentration. Our results show that the fungicides used by farmers against C. gloeosporioides, the causal agent for anthracnose, are effective. We, however, recommend further field tests in different avocado-growing areas so as to validate their efficacy against various isolates and under different environments.

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Action of Trichodermil 1306 in the control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in tomato crops

Arquivos do Instituto Biológico ◽

10.1590/1808-1657000472019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 87 ◽

Author(s):

Isis Bruna Portolan ◽

Silmara Rodrigues Pietrobelli ◽

Gabriela Silva Moura ◽

Aline Pomari Fernandes ◽

Lisandro Tomas da Silva Bonome ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Tomato Seed ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Tomato Crop ◽

Tomato Seeds ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Lower Root ◽

Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, is one of the most important diseases of tomato crop in Brazil. Several alternatives to fungicides have been evaluated in search for products that control this disease and have low environmental impact and toxicity to living beings. In this context, the use of Trichoderma spp. is an alternative to agrochemicals, since they are bioregulators and antagonists of several phytopathogens. This work aimed to evaluate the antagonistic and mycoparasitory action of the Trichodermil 1306 biofungicide against F. oxysporum, and its action in the control of fusarium wilt in tomato seeds and seedlings. The biofungicide was used at concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 150% of the dose recommended for application of 20 L with a backpack sprayer. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with five replications. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and mean compared by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. The 100% Trichodermil concentration was the most efficient for treating tomato seeds. Although this concentration did not show differences in relation to the lowest dose used (50%) in the tomato seed antagonism, mycoparasitism and F. oxysporum incidence tests were recommended because that the lowest concentration resulted in 18% lower root protrusion than that observed with 100% dosage. The in vitro antagonistic and mycoparasitory action of this biological fungicide indicates its potential in the control of fusarium wilt in tomato crops.

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Antifungal activity of homeopathic medicines against the white mold causing agent Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Acta Scientiarum Biological Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascibiolsci.v43i1.56548 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. e56548

Author(s):

Ana Carolina Botelho dos Reis ◽

Júlia Ronzella Ottoni

Keyword(s):

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

White Mold ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Antifungal Effect ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Yield ◽

Alternative Techniques ◽

Completely Randomized Design

White mold disease, caused by fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary., is a disease hard to control due to the high amount of sclerotia produced, which guarantees its survival in the soil for years leading to significant yield losses. Alternative techniques to control the pathogen have been researched, including homeopathy. The present work aimed to evaluate the in vitro antifungal effect of homeopathic medicines on S. sclerotiorum mycelial growth. Homeopathic medicines Sulphur, fungal sclerotium Nosode and Calcarea carbonica, in 30CH, 200CH and 1000CH dynamizations were tested. Assays were carried out in a completely randomized design, with four repetitions. Experiments were performed through the addition of homeopathic medicines on the surface of plates containing culture medium, followed by insertion of a disc containing fungus mycelia and incubation. Control treatment received no homeopathic medicine. The mycelial progression was monitored by seven halo diameter measurements during experiment period. All homeopathic medicines tested and their dynamizations were able to inhibit partially the development of the fungus. Calcarea carbonica at the dynamization of 1000 CH showed the best inhibitory effect on S. sclerotiorum, which under its effect produced a mycelial halo 40% smaller than the control treatment.

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EFEITO DA SALINIDADE NA GERMINAÇÃO E DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PLÂNTULAS DE Ochroma pyramidale

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v8i2.8266 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 239

Author(s):

Viviane Da Silva da Cruz ◽

Oscar Mitsuo Yamashita ◽

Isane Vera Karsburg ◽

Marco Antonio Camillo de Carvalho ◽

Rivanildo Dallacort ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Osmotic Potential ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Saline Stress ◽

Initial Development ◽

Balsa Wood ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Total Inhibition ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Osmotic Agents ◽

Osmotic Potentials

No presente trabalho, foi avaliado o efeito da salinidade sobre a germinação de sementes e desenvolvimento pós-seminal de Ochroma pyramidale através de três agentes osmóticos (NaCl, CaCl2 e KCl), em dois experimentos. No primeiro, foi avaliado o estresse salino na germinação em esquema fatorial de 3 x 6, utilizando NaCl, CaCl2 e KCl, e seis potenciais osmóticos (0,0; -0,1; -0,2; -0,4; -0,6 e -0,8 MPa). No segundo experimento, estudou-se o crescimento inicial de plântulas, utilizando os mesmos agentes osmóticos, em quatro potenciais osmóticos (0,0; -0,1; -0,2 e -0,3 MPa), no delineamento inteiramente ao acaso esquema fatorial 3 x 4. O efeito da salinidade interferiu na germinação de sementes O. pyramidale, havendo redução à medida que os potenciais se tornaram mais negativos à produção de massa seca de plântula, percentual de germinação e velocidade do processo germinativo. No potencial osmótico de -0,8 MPa, ocorreu inibição total, evidenciando que o CaCl2 apresentou um efeito inibitório mais acentuado que o NaCl, seguido pelo KCl. No desenvolvimento de plantas, o NaCl provocou maior sensibilidade, comparando-se ao CaCl2 nos maiores potenciais osmóticos.Palavras-chave: Pau-de-balsa; germinabilidade; potencial osmótico; estresse salino. EFFECT OF SALINITY IN THE GERMINATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF Ochroma pyramidale SEEDLINGS ABSTRACT: In the present study, the effect of salinity on seed germination and post-seminal development of Ochroma pyramidale was evaluated through three osmotic agents (NaCl, CaCl2 and KCl) in two experiments. In the first experiment, salt stress in germination was evaluated in a factorial scheme 3 x 6, using NaCl, CaCl2 and KCl; and six osmotic potentials (0.0, -0.1, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6 and -0.8 MPa). In the second experiment, the initial development of plants, using the same osmotic agents, was studied in four osmotic potentials (0.0; -0.1; -0.2 and -0.3 MPa), in a completely randomized design 3 x 4 factorial scheme. The effect of salinity interfered on the germination of O. pyramidale seeds, with reduction as the potentials became more negative for the production of dry seedling mass, percentage of germination and germination speed. In the osmotic potential of -0.8 MPa, total inhibition occurred, evidencing that CaCl2 had a stronger inhibitory effect than NaCl, followed by KCl. In the development of plants, NaCl caused greater sensitivity when compared to CaCl2 in the highest osmotic potentials.Keywords: Pau-de-Balsa wood; germinability; osmotic potential; saline stress.

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Sourgrass densities affecting the initial growth and macronutrient content of coffee plants

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582013000100012 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 109-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L.B Carvalho ◽

P.L.C.A Alves ◽

S Bianco

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Coffea Arabica ◽

Growth Characteristics ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Coffee Plant ◽

Macronutrient Content ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Coffee Plants ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The objective of this work was to evaluate the coexistence effects of coffee (Coffea arabica) with densities of sourgrass (Digitaria insularis) on crop macronutrient content and plant growth. The experiment was conducted in plots where one coffee plant was maintained in coexistence with 0 (weed-free check), 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 sourgrass plants, using a completely randomized design with three replicates. Reduction of coffee growth and macronutrient content, except P that increased, started when the coexistence occurred with sourgrass plants in a density of 1 plant per plot. In general, macronutrient content was reduced by 18-50%, while growth characteristics were reduced by 9-41%, when coffee plants coexisted with 16 plants of sourgrass. Thus, sourgrass competition for nutrients was a strong factor limiting coffee plant growth.

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The Compatibility of Piper retrofractum Vahl. and Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. Extracts for Controlling Helopeltis antonii Sign.

Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat ◽

10.21082/bullittro.v31n2.2020.107-122 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 107

Author(s):

NFN Rohimatun ◽

NFN Dadang ◽

I Wayan Winasa ◽

Sri Yuliani

Keyword(s):

Plant Extracts ◽

Combination Index ◽

Instar Nymph ◽

Contact Method ◽

Botanical Insecticide ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Piper Retrofractum ◽

Index Value ◽

Species Being

Plant extracts as a botanical insecticide can be used in either single or mixture forms. Mixed extracts have advantages: reducing dependence on one plant species, being the synergistic effect which can increase the effectiveness of formulas, and reducing the possibility of resistance emergence. This study aimed to obtain compatible and synergistic comparisons of P. retrofractum with C. xanthorrhiza extracts that effectively control the third instar nymph of Helopeltis antonii. The comparison of P. retrofractum and C. xanthorrhiza extracts were 4:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 (w/w). The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design using the contact method. The LC50, LC90, and LC95 values were calculated using the PoloPlus Ver 1.0 Program. The mixture interaction was determined from the Combination Index value. The results showed that P. retrofractum extract was compatible and synergistic with C. xanthorrhiza extract at a ratio of 2:1 (w/w). These were the best combination shown by the lowest LC50, LC90, and LC95 values and showed consistently strong synergistic properties compared to other concentrations. The components of P. retrofractum may be responsible for the insecticidal properties are piperine; piperanine; piperidine; 3,4-Pyridinedimethanol,6-methyl; Piperidine,1-[5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl]-,(Z,Z)-; and (2E,4E,12E)-1-(Piperidine-1-yl)octadeca-2,4,12—trien-1-one. The insecticidal activity of C. xanthorrhiza may associated with its content of xanthorrhizol, Ar-curcumene, β-curcumene, curzerene, germacrone, 7-zingiberene, caryophyllene, and β-bisabolol. A combination of these two plant extracts has the potential to be further developed as a botanical insecticide to control H. antonii.

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ADIÇÃO DE COMPOSTOS ORGÂNICOS EM SUBSTRATO COMERCIAL PARA PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE TOMATE

Colloquium Agrariae ◽

10.5747/ca.2018.v14.n3.a240 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 179-186

Author(s):

Rogério Nunes Gonçalves ◽

Tiago Rodrigues de Sousa ◽

Marina da Costa Guerrero ◽

Daniela Gonçalves Rosa ◽

Gisele Carneiro da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Compounds ◽

Cattle Manure ◽

The Other ◽

Santa Cruz ◽

Tomato Seedlings ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Castor Cake

This study aimed to evaluate the formation of tomato seedlings cv. Santa Cruz Kada(Paulista)with the merger in the commercial substrate of organic compounds in different proportions. The design was a completely randomized design, with four replications. The treatments were formed from the combination of the mixture of commercial substratewith castor cake, cattle manure and aviary bed. Regarding the treatments, which presented averages significantly superior to the other was the mixture of 25% cattle manure and 75% commercial substratefor the production of tomato seedlings.

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PENGARUH BEBERAPA EKSTRAK TUMBUHAN TERHADAP DEIGHTONIELLA TORULOSA SYD. ELLIS PENYEBAB PENYAKIT UJUNG HITAM BUAH PISANG

JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA ◽

10.23960/j.hptt.2171-74 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 71-74

Author(s):

Joko Prasetyo ◽

Efri Efri

Keyword(s):

Plant Extracts ◽

Acorus Calamus ◽

Conidial Production ◽

Colony Diameter ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Conidia Production ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Zingiber Cassumunar ◽

Fungal Colony ◽

Growth And Reproduction

The effect of some plant extracts on Deightoniella torulosa Syd. Ellis the causative agent of black tip disease of banana. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of some plant extracts on the growth and reproduction of Deightonella torulosa. The plants used in this experiments were Zingiber cassumunar, Acorus calamus, and Amomum cardamomum. The treatments of the factorial (3x4) experiment were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replicates. The first factor (plant extracts) consisted of Z. cassumunar, A. calamus, and A. cardamomum extracts. The second factor (extract concentration) consisted of 0, 100, 200, and 300 mg/l. Variables examined were the colony diameter and conidial density of D. torulosa. The result of the experiment shows that extract of Z. cassumunar, A. calamus, and A. cardamomum extracts suppressed fungal colony diameter. On Z. cassumunar and A. calamus extracts, the higher the concentration the higher fungal colony diameter suppressed. The most effective suppression by the extract was at 300 mg/l. A. calamus extract was more effective than Z. cassumunar and A. cardamomum at 100 mg/ml. Z. cassumunar and A. calamus extracts had the same effectivity at 200 mg/l, and both was more effective compared to A. cardamomum. Z. cassumunar was more effective compared to A. calamus and A. cardamomum at 300 mg/l. The results of the experiment also showed that Z. cassumunar, A. calamus, and A. cardamomum suppressed conidial production of D. torulosa. Z. cassumunar most effectively suppressed conidia production at 300 mg/l. A. calamus extract suppressed conidial production the most effectively at 200 and 300 mg/l. A. cardamomum extract significantly suppressed conidia production only at 300 mg/l. Z. cassumunar and A. calamus extracts were more effective to suppress conidia production compared to A. cardamomum for all level of concentration except control. The effectivity of Z. cassumunar and A. calamus was the same at 100 and 300 mg/l. Z. cassumunar extract was more effective than A. calamus at 200 mg/l.

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