scholarly journals E-Commerce: A Short History Follow-up on Possible Trends

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdeci Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Leandro Ricardo Sabino ◽  
Greiciele Macedo Morais ◽  
Carlos Alberto Goncalves
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Adaptive Interfaces ◽  
Short History ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
History Of ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Development Prospects

The aim of this work is to think on the state-of-the-art of e-commerce and its trends for the future. E-commerce has been developing since the 1990’s and its evolution is directly linked to the advancement of information technology. Early e-commerce began with the simple dissemination of goods and services by digital means, going from the issuance of orders, then the delivery of products to achieving interaction between traders and consumers via the Internet. Some e-commerce tools enable users to perform transactions even without leaving home – with transactions ranging from purchasing to paying bills. This can be done 24 hours a day, including weekends and holidays. The demand for convenience and, even, privacy are the main responsible reasons for the increased use of electronic commerce by consumers. Despite the advances of e-commerce in recent times it still requires larger investment, especially regarding safety, which is appointed as major deficiency in this trade modality, along with logistics. Investments will also be necessary to enable e-commerce to keep up with the current technological advances and future development prospects, such as the adoption of virtual intelligence, the expansion of globalization with language translators, adaptive interfaces that take into account the specific characteristics of user groups and the mobile commerce, and the experimentation in 3D model.This study aims to – by means of literature review – draw a brief history of the emergence and evolution of e-commerce, also highlighting the tools in use, the trends and challenges of this modern business model.

A SHORT HISTORY OF THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajko Igic
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Ace Inhibitors ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Short History ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hormone System

The renin-angiotesin system (RAS) was initially recognized as the body’s most powerful hormone system for controlling body fluid volumes and arterial pressure. Then, it was shown that the RAS operates at both systemic (endocrine) and tissue (local) level. Development of ACE inhibitors proved that the RAS is effective in controlling hypertension and heart failure, and in preventing the vascular injury in chronic diseases. The success of ACE inhibitors stimulated research into inhibitors of other components of this system. Major challenge in the future will be to utilize the technological advances for better understanding the physiology and pathophysiology of the RAS, and to develop new therapeutic paradigms. This article briefly reviews the research in this area, and points out the seventieth anniversary of angiotensin.

scholarly journals Vignette Thyroid Surgery: A Glimpse Into its History

2013 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Dorairajan ◽  
P.V. Pradeep
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Surgery ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Short History ◽  
Operating Theater ◽  
Modern Equipment ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

Abstract At present, physicians and surgeons treating thyroid disorders can rely on highly accurate and precise investigations, modern equipment, and state of the art operating theater to achieve optimum results; however, this was not the case at the beginning of the treatment of thyroid diseases centuries ago. We present a short history of the treatment and understanding of thyroid diseases in the past few decades. Also we present the contributions of the important surgeons who tried to perfect the treatment of thyroid diseases, including surgery, thus making modern day management easier.

Successful treatment of disseminated granulomatous aspergillosis in an apparently immunocompetent host

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umang Agrawal ◽  
Pratik Savaj ◽  
Kanishka Davda ◽  
Rajeev Soman ◽  
Anjali Shetty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Immunocompetent Host ◽  
Short History ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year ◽  
Work Up ◽  
The Brain

A young Indian man presented elsewhere with a short history of haematuria and cough. Investigations revealed renal and pulmonary lesions. Histopathology of these lesions was reported as mucormycosis. He consulted us two months after onset of symptoms, asymptomatic and clinically well, having received no treatment. In view of clinico-histopathological discordance, a review of the biopsy slides was advised but the patient refused further work-up at that time. One week later, however, he was admitted with left hemiparesis. Brain imaging showed an abscess. He underwent surgical excision of the brain abscess and nephrectomy. Review of previous slides showed septate fungal filaments with granulomatous inflammation. Intraoperative cultures grew Aspergillus flavus. He received voriconazole for one year and is well at his two-year follow-up. His immunological work-up was negative for immunodeficiency. This case illustrates that granulomatous aspergillosis may be an indolent infection in apparently normal individuals and reiterates the importance of interpreting diagnostic reports in conjunction with clinical features.

Radiation-Associated Atheromatous Disease of the Cervical Carotid Artery: Report of Seven Cases and Review of the Literature

Neurosurgery ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. D. Atkinson ◽  
Thoralf M. Sundt ◽  
Allan J. D. Dale ◽  
Terrence L. Cascino ◽  
Douglas A. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Carotid Surgery ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Postoperative Results ◽  
The Past ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physical Examinations ◽  
Reconstructive Arterial Surgery

Abstract The natural history of postirradiation extracranial cerebrovascular disease is uncertain. Previous reported cases spanning 20 years of carotid surgery are difficult to evaluate, because patients may sometimes have unspecified symptoms, physical examinations, postoperative results, and follow-up. Also, the evolution of carotid surgery over the past two decades makes it impossible to compare earlier operative technique with the state-of-the-art technique of today. Our series of 7 patients underwent 9 carotid endarterectomies with an average follow-up period of 46 months. The number of patients is small, and although technically this is a more difficult operation, we feel the results are favorable and may be comparable with endarterectomy procedures in nonirradiated patients. These patients should be approached as if radiation changes are not a major factor when they are considered for reconstructive arterial surgery.

scholarly journals A Short History of a Controversial Diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandro Fortunato ◽  
Guido Giovanardi ◽  
Valeria D'Angelo
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Clinical Knowledge ◽  
Gender Variance ◽  
Short History ◽  
Trans People ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
History Of

This work retraces the history of gender identity, a construct which came to light at the end of the sixties, and whose path we will follow up until the present day. In detail, the work focuses on the situations in which a person – belonging to what is commonly known as the trans* world – lives with a lack of correspondence between assigned birth gender and actual gender experience. We will revisit the different diagnoses connected to gender variance – in childhood, adolescence and adulthood – that have been put forward, and examine the different diagnostic classifications that have been used up to now, in order to reach the discussion of this theme in a psychoanalytic field. We will highlight how, alongside pathologizing theories, the psychiatric and psychoanalytic fields have become enriched via theoretical and clinical knowledge that enhance and recognize the depth of the subjective experience of trans* people, without stopping therefore, at a simply reductive diagnosis.

scholarly journals Brain abscess: Current management

2013 ◽  
Vol 04 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S83-S86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souvagya Panigrahi ◽  
Sudhansu Sekhar Mishra ◽  
Srikant Das ◽  
Manmath Kumar Dhir
Keyword(s):  
Adjuvant Radiotherapy ◽  
Nerve Sheath Tumor ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Short History ◽  
Total Removal ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Nerve Sheath ◽  
Upper And Lower Extremities ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACTMalignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a rare soft tissue sarcoma. Most arise in association with major nerve trunks. Their most common anatomical sites are the proximal portions of the upper and lower extremities and the trunk. MPNSTs have rarely been reported in literature to occur in other unusual body parts. We review all such cases reported till now in terms of site of origin, surgical treatment, adjuvant therapy and outcome and shortly describe our experience with two of these cases. Both of our case presented with lump at unusual sites resembling neurofibroma, one at orbitotemporal area and other in the paraspinal region with characteristic feature of neurofibroma with the exception that both had very short history of progression. They underwent gross total removal of the tumor with adjuvant radiotherapy postoperatively. At 6‑month follow‑up both are doing well with no evidence of recurrence.

Long-term outcomes in the Multimodal Treatment study of Children with ADHD (the MTA)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Swanson ◽  
L. Eugene Arnold ◽  
Peter S. Jensen ◽  
Stephen P. Hinshaw ◽  
Lily T. Hechtman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multimodal Treatment ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Short History ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
History Of

This chapter describes the long-term outcomes in the Multimodal Treatment study of ADHD (MTA), which began in 1994 and ended in 2014. First, we provide a short history of the origin of the MTA. Second, we review the design as a 14-month randomized clinical trial and the transition to a long-term follow-up. Third, we present findings from 12 key publications describing outcomes in four stages of the MTA from childhood to adulthood. Fourth, we discuss how the final adult assessments of the MTA address critical issues about symptomatic persistence of ADHD, functional outcomes outside the parental home, and cost-benefit analyses of residual effects of treatment with medication.

scholarly journals Guideline review: British Society of Gastroenterology/UK-PSC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of primary sclerosing cholangitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Alberto Nicoletti ◽  
James B Maurice ◽  
Douglas Thorburn
Keyword(s):  
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ◽  
Sclerosing Cholangitis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
British Society ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Current State ◽  
Management Of Complications ◽  
History Of

New British Society of Gastroenterology/UK-PSC guidelines have recently discussed the current state-of-the-art on primary sclerosing cholangitis and outlined key elements for the management of this disease. The current lack of effective pharmacological treatments to prevent progression of liver fibrosis to cirrhosis limits our ability to modify the natural history of the disease. However, a personalised approach and structured follow-up could allow earlier diagnosis and management of complications and favour access to liver transplantation, which remains the only available treatment. Our commentary overviews the updates and summarises the key recommendations of the recent guidelines for the management of primary sclerosing cholangitis.

scholarly journals Rapid Growth of a Facet Joint Cyst Mimicking an Aggressive Tumor in the Lumbar Spine

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 646-650
Author(s):  
James M. W. Robins ◽  
Senthil K. Selvanathan ◽  
Azzam Ismail ◽  
Chris Derham ◽  
Deb Pal
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Facet Joint ◽  
Metastatic Lesion ◽  
Nerve Sheath Tumor ◽  
Short History ◽  
Open Biopsy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Aggressive Tumor ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractA 67-year-old patient with a history of fully treated bowel carcinoma presented with a short history of unilateral lumbosacral radiculopathy. No neurological deficit was found on examination. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated initially L4/5 foraminal narrowing that was believed to be the cause for the patient’s symptoms; however, a nerve root block led to no improvement in symptoms. MRI was repeated at 5 months and demonstrated a mass causing compression of the S1 nerve. However, the patient declined surgical decompression. MRI at 14 months subsequently showed rapid growth of the lesion suggestive of an aggressive process such as a metastatic lesion or even a nerve sheath tumor such as a Schwannoma. Open biopsy and decompression revealed the lesion to be a facet joint cyst and the patient recovered well and had satisfactory postoperative imaging at 3 months follow-up. There are no reports in the literature of facet joint cysts growing this quickly and thus mimicking other forms of lesion.

scholarly journals IMIA’s Publication History

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 192-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hutter ◽  
H. E. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Biomedical Informatics ◽  
The State ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Short History ◽  
Publication History ◽  
History Of

SummaryThis article lines out the various publications by which IMIA presents its work and the state-of-the art of health and biomedical informatics.A short history of IMIA and its publications is presented, a reference list completes the view.IMIA looks back on a long and fruitful publication history of more than a hundred publications.Starting from its foundation in 1967, IMIA has continually published the results of its activities and conferences, these publications being one of the most visible proofs of the liveliness and up-to-dateness of the organization and the field.

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