scholarly journals Anxiety And Risk Of Cardiovascular Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
Komang Rama Agastya ◽  
Andi Agung Riatmojo ◽  
Rauchsan Abdi Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Treatment Measures ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Global Population

Anxiety is a normal emotion that is owned by every individual. Pathologically increased anxiety can not only give rise to other anxiety disorders but can also lead to other mental illnesses. Anxiety is a type of mental disorder that is quite common in Europe, Switzerland, Iceland, Norway in 2010 it was found that the prevalence for 12 months was 14% and 61.5 million people were affected. According to WHO in the global population with anxiety disorders in 2015 the percentage was 3.6% and it was more common in women with a percentage of 4.6% compared to 2.6% for men. Individuals with symptoms of anxiety are likely to experience the effects of interference that can lead to metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome leads to progressive and clustering of several metabolic risk factors that directly increase the risk of death from cardiovascular disease (CVD, type 2 diabetes mellitus). last year from 10% to 63.2%. Anxiety disorders appear to be caused by the interaction of bio-psychosocial factors. Genetic susceptibility interacts with stressful situations or the presence of trauma to produce a clinically significant syndrome. Treatment measures include pharmacological, psychological, and combination therapies. all are therapeutic measures for all anxiety disorders, selective serotonin is a first line agent for several anxiety disorders, including panic disorder, social anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder.Psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy should be given and both therapies are equally effective. The choice in determining the therapy given must be considered according to the severity of the disorder.

Trends in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in Mexican adults, 2006-2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (6, Nov-Dic) ◽  
pp. 713-724
Author(s):  
Rosalba Rojas-Martínez ◽  
Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas ◽  
Martín Romero-Martínez ◽  
Lilia Castro-Porras ◽  
Donaji Gómez-Velasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
P Value ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Mexican Adults ◽  
Diabetes Risk Score ◽  
Linear Trends

Objective. To examine trends in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components. Materials and methods. Data from 27 800 Mexican adults who participated in Ensanut 2006, 2012, 2016 and 2018 were analyzed. Linear regression was used across each Ensanut period to assess temporal linear trends in the prevalence of MS. Logistic regression models were obtained to calculate the percentage change, p-value for the trend and the association between the presence of MS and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) over 10 years using the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) using Globorisk. Results. The prevalence of MS in Mexican adults according to the harmonized definition was: 40.2, 57.3, 59.99 and 56.31%, in 2006, 2012, 2016 and 2018 respectively (p for trend <0.0001). In 2018, 7.62% of metabolic syndrome cases had a significant risk for incident DM2 and 11.6% for CVD. Conclusion. It is estimated that there are 36.5 million Mexican adults living with metabolic syndrome, of which 2 million and 2.5 million have a high risk of developing T2DM or cardiovascular disease respectively, over the next 10 years.

scholarly journals Metabolic syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a post hoc analyses of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
João Pedro Ferreira ◽  
Subodh Verma ◽  
David Fitchett ◽  
Anne Pernille Ofstad ◽  
Sabine Lauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
World Health ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Renal Outcomes ◽  
Outcome Trial

Abstract Background Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are at greater cardiovascular risk than those with T2D without MetS. In the current report we aim to study the characteristics, cardio-renal outcomes and the effect of empagliflozin in patients with MetS enrolled in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial. Methods A total of 7020 patients with T2D and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease were treated with empagliflozin (10 mg or 25 mg) or placebo for a median of 3.1 years. The World Health Organization MetS criteria could be determined for 6985 (99.5%) patients. We assessed the association between baseline MetS and multiple cardio-renal endpoints using Cox regression models, and we studied the change in the individual component over time of the MetS using mixed effect models. Results MetS at baseline was present in 5740 (82%) patients; these were more often white and had more often albuminuria and heart failure, had lower eGFR and HDL-cholesterol, and higher blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, and triglycerides. In the placebo group, patients with MetS had a higher risk of all outcomes including cardiovascular death: HR = 1.73 (95% CI 1.01–2.98), heart failure hospitalization: HR = 2.64 (95% CI 1.22, 5.72), and new or worsening nephropathy: HR = 3.11 (95% CI 2.17–4.46). The beneficial effect of empagliflozin was consistent on all cardio-renal outcomes regardless of presence of MetS. Conclusions A large proportion of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME population fulfills the criteria for MetS. Those with MetS had increased risk of adverse cardio-renal outcomes. Compared with placebo, empagliflozin improved cardio-renal outcomes in patients with and without MetS. Trial registration Clinical Trial Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT 01131676

scholarly journals Eleven-year multimorbidity burden among 637 255 people with and without type 2 diabetes: a population-based study using primary care and linked hospitalisation data

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e033866
Author(s):  
Salwa S Zghebi ◽  
Douglas T Steinke ◽  
Martin K Rutter ◽  
Darren M Ashcroft
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Clinical Practice Research Datalink ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Health Comorbidities

ObjectivesTo compare the patterns of 18 physical and mental health comorbidities between people with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) and people without diabetes and how these change by age, gender and deprivation over time between 2004 and 2014. Also, to develop a metric to identify most prevalent comorbidities in people with T2D.DesignPopulation-based cohort study.SettingPrimary and secondary care, England, UK.Participants108 588 people with T2D and 528 667 comparators registered in 391 English general practices. Each patient with T2D aged ≥16 years between January 2004 and December 2014 registered in Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD practices was matched to up to five comparators without diabetes on age, gender and general practice.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrevalence of 18 physical and mental health comorbidities in people with T2D and comparators categorised by age, gender and deprivation. Odds for association between T2D diagnosis and comorbidities versus comparators. A metric for comorbidities with prevalence of ≥5% and/or odds ≥2 in patients with T2D.ResultsOverall, 77% of patients with T2D had ≥1 comorbidity and all comorbidities were more prevalent in patients with T2D than in comparators. Across both groups, prevalence rates were higher in older people, women and those most socially deprived. Conditional logistic regression models fitted to estimate (OR, 95% CI) for association between T2D diagnosis and comorbidities showed that T2D diagnosis was significantly associated with higher odds for all conditions including myocardial infarction (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.85 to 2.46); heart failure (OR 2.12, 1.84 to 2.43); depression (OR 1.75, 1.62 to 1.89), but non-significant for cancer (OR 1.12, 0.98 to 1.28). In addition to cardiovascular disease, the metric identified osteoarthritis, hypothyroidism, anxiety, schizophrenia and respiratory conditions as highly prevalent comorbidities in people with T2D.ConclusionsT2D diagnosis is associated with higher likelihood of experiencing other physical and mental illnesses. People with T2D are twice as likely to have cardiovascular disease as the general population. The findings highlight highly prevalent and under-reported comorbidities in people with T2D. These findings can inform future research and clinical guidelines and can have important implications on healthcare resource allocation and highlight the need for more holistic clinical care for people with recently diagnosed T2D.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome by different definitions, and its association with type 2 diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular disease risk in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1217-1224
Author(s):  
Nayla Cristina do Vale Moreira ◽  
Akhtar Hussain ◽  
Bishwajit Bhowmik ◽  
Ibrahimu Mdala ◽  
Tasnima Siddiquee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk

scholarly journals Impact of Insulin Resistance on Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease in People With Metabolic Syndrome

Diabetes Care ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1219-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Meigs ◽  
M. K. Rutter ◽  
L. M. Sullivan ◽  
C. S. Fox ◽  
R. B. D'Agostino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic syndrome traits in long-term survivors of pediatric sarcoma at a single institution

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9041-9041
Author(s):  
K. E. Hoffman ◽  
J. Derdak ◽  
D. Bernstein ◽  
J. C. Reynolds ◽  
S. M. Steinberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Pediatric Sarcoma ◽  
Long Term Survivors

9041 Multi-modality therapy (MMT) for pediatric sarcoma (SARC) may result in late endocrine abnormalities and increased cardiovascular morbidity. Metabolic syndrome (MS; NCEP ATPIII definition), a cluster of obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and hypertension, conveys an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence of the MS traits (MST) in long-term survivors of MMT for SARC. 32 survivors of SARC (predominantly Ewing’s; median age 36.5 years, range 17–54; f:m = 15:17; median age at MMT of 15 years, range 7–34; median time since completion of MMT 18 years, range 3–33) completed CT evaluation of abdominal obesity, DEXA scan for body mass composition, fasting serum lipid profile (FLP), the Human Activity Profile (HAP) and PAI and beta 2 microglobulin (B2M) analysis. Results, compared to appropriate controls were considered statistically significant if the p-value < 0.01. SARC survivors were more likely to have one or more MST (common OR 4.04, CI:[1.52, 13.55], p=0.0045). Subjects aged 20–39 had a higher pooled prevalence of the MS (common OR 4.29 [1.50, 11.21], p=0.0077), defined as 3 or more traits, compared to controls stratified by gender. Analysis of individual MST demonstrated higher prevalence of hypertension (common OR 2.61,[1.20, 5.59], p=0.015), hypertriglyceridemia (common OR 3.63, [1.75, 7.60], p=0.0006), and male abdominal obesity (common OR 4.52, [1.57, 13.39], p=0.0046). SARC survivors had a higher prevalence of hypercholesterolemia than healthy adults (p=0.012). PAI antigen (p=0.043), PAI activity (p=0.018) and B2M levels (p=0.043) increased with an increasing number of MST. In male subjects, total testosterone declined (p=0.008) as the number of MST increased. Average (p=0.028) and maximum (p=0.041) activity levels decreased as the number of MST increased. After a median follow up of 18 years, adult SARC survivors of MMT have an increased prevalence of MST, especially between ages 20–39 years. The development of MST may be associated with decreased testosterone and decreased activity level. Younger male adult SARC survivors may be at particular risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease and should be monitored. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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