scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PER CAPITA INCOME AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION: THE ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE APPLICATION FOR COUNTRIES BY INCOME LEVEL

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-125
Author(s):  
Nihat Işık ◽  
Özgür Engeloğlu ◽  
Efe Can Kılınç
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Study on the relationship between industrialization level, economic development and environmental pollution in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 01-06
Author(s):  
Junran Ma
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Pollution Emissions ◽  
The Relationship

With the development of economy, environmental problems gradually outstanding in China. This article adopts the method of empirical study, have collected the data of China's industrial added value, per capita GDP and emissions of the three major pollutants from 2004 to 2015. The VAR model was established on the basis of the logarithm values of the three factors mentioned above, so as to conduct impulse- response analysis to discuss the relationship between industrialization level, economic development and environmental pollution. The conclusion is as follows: (1) At present, the increase of China's industrial added value can promote the decline of China's environmental pollution emissions to a certain extent; (2) China is now at the left of the turning point of the Environmental Kuznets Curve, and the increase of per capita GDP will aggravate environmental pollution.

An Empirical Analysis on the Relationship between Industrial Economic Growth and Environmental Pollution - Taking the Chongqing of China as an Example

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 732-735
Author(s):  
Shu Qing Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Chongqing Municipality ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Industrial Economic

Basing on the theories of Environmental Kuznets Curve,this paper analyzes the relationship between industrial economic growth and waste gas,waste water and solid wastes with the economic and environmental statistics of Chongqing Municipality from 1995 to 2009. The study shows that there is a inverted N-type of environmental Kuznets curve of the industrial waste water with the rising of industrial per capita value, but it lies in the left side of the EKC. There exists a extremely notable relationship between the industrial per capita value and produced volume of industrial solid wastes,but the curve has not come up to the turning point. In order to achieve the harmonious development between industrial economic growth and environmental pollution in Chongqing,we should establish the long-effect mechanism for environmental protection.

scholarly journals The Relationships between Economic and Political Liberalization and the Kuznets Curve

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Nişancı ◽  
Ahmet Fatih Aydemir ◽  
Bengü Tosun ◽  
Ömer Selçuk Emsen
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
National Development ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Political Liberalization ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

Per capita income and income distribution are defined as classical Kuznets curve. From this view, the relationship between per capita income and income distribution is controlled variables and studies that take environmental pollution, financial depth, or trade volume into account are widely seen in the literature according to the study objectives. Respectively, these applications can be named first as environmental Kuznets and secondly as financial Kuznets. As parallel to this view, the studies that emphasize the relationship between export and income distribution are common in the literature, representing economic liberalization. It is also worth noting that political liberalization whether political rights or civil liberties, supports the trend that emerges like the Kuznets’ curve, according to the level of development of the countries. In this study, when the level of national development is taken into consideration, the relationships between per capita income and economic and political liberalization practices have been tested with econometric tests, whether they follow a classical, environmental, commercial or financial Kuznets-like situation. In addition to the classical, environmental, commercial and financial Kuznets, the existence of the “political liberalization practices” will be discussed in the literature in order to overlap the theoretical expectations and the results of this study. In the analysis of the 2012 horizontal cross-section of the country group with the highest Gini coefficient, Kuznets' “inverse U” view is reflected in both commercial and political liberalization dimensions.

scholarly journals Technological Progress and the Environmental Kuznets Curve in the Twenty Regions of Italy

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1501-1542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella Baiardi
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The paper explores the relationship between per capita income and three air pollutants, CO, NMVOCs, and SOx, using a novel dataset based on the 20 regions of Italy. Given the central role of technological progress in long-term environmental problems, we empirically investigate the influence of innovation on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). The estimation results validate the existence of an EKC for the three air pollutants considered. Furthermore, the influence of innovation on the inverse-U-shaped curve identified by the theoretical literature is in general empirically confirmed. Finally, the same conclusions also hold when using another dataset related to the aggregate national economy rather than separate regions.

The environmental Kuznets curve: an empirical analysis

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. COLE ◽  
A.J. RAYNER ◽  
J.M. BATES
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Future Direction

This paper examines the relationship between per capita income and a wide range of environmental indicators using cross-country panel sets. The manner in which this has been done overcomes several of the weaknesses asscociated with the estimation of environmental Kuznets curves (EKCs). outlined by Stern et al. (1996). Results suggest that meaningful EKCs exist only for local air pollutants whilst indicators with a more global, or indirect, impact either increase monotonically with income or else have predicted turning points at high per capita income levels with large standard errors – unless they have been subjected to a multilateral policy initiative. Two other findings are also made: that concentration of local pollutants in urban areas peak at a lower per capita income level than total emissions per capita; and that transport-generated local air pollutants peak at a higher per capita income level than total emissions per capita. Given these findings, suggestions are made regarding the necessary future direction of environmental policy.

scholarly journals Environmental Kuznets Curve Analysis of the Economic Development and Nonpoint Source Pollution in the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Districts in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunlan Mao ◽  
Ningning Zhai ◽  
Jingchao Yang ◽  
Yongzhong Feng ◽  
Yanchun Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonpoint Source Pollution ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Livestock Breeding ◽  
Per Capita

This study applies the environmental Kuznets curve to test the relationship between the regional economic growth and the different types of agricultural nonpoint source pollution loads in the Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area by using the Johnes export coefficient method. Results show that the pollution load generated by crop cultivation and livestock-breeding industries in the Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area shows an inverted U-shaped feature; however, this feature is absent in living-sewage pollution load. Crop pollution has shown a decreasing trend since 1997 because of the increased per capita income of farmers. Livestock-breeding pollution load reached its turning point when the per capita income of farmers reached 8386.74 RMB. Therefore, an increase in the per capita income of farmers corresponds to an increase in the livestock-breeding pollution load in the Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area.

scholarly journals CO2 Emissions, Environmental Degradation, and Healthcare Expenditure: Evidence from Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisreen Moosa ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Healthcare Expenditure ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita

Environmental degradation (measured, for example) by CO2 emissions has an adverse effect on public health, leading to the need for a higher level of healthcare expenditure. The level of per capita income, which has been identified as a major determinant of healthcare expenditure, is associated with environmental degradation as represented by the environmental Kuznets curve. The results presented in this study show that when a country, like Australia, falls on the declining sector of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), healthcare expenditure is negatively related to environmental degradation. Although this proposition sounds counterintuitive, it is justified theoretically and supported empirically.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Economic Growth and Income Distribution: The Case of Transition Economies

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilek Özdemir ◽  
Ömer Selçuk Emsen ◽  
Ayşen Hiç Gencer ◽  
Cemil Hakan Kılıç
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

In the literature on economic growth, Kuznets curve shows the relationship between growth and income distribution. According to the Kuznets curve, as per capita income rises, income distribution would first become more unequal, and then less unequal. This means that, in a less developed country poverty is shared; in a developing country the difference between the rich and the poor becomes wider; and in a developed country richness is shared. In economies in transition, from socialism to market economy, however, income distribution should be less unequal because of the socialist system. But during the transition, there occurred recessions that led to falls in income. Therefore, during the transition process, as income decreased, income distribution became more unequal. In this study, the relationship between per capita income and income distribution on the transition economies are investigated by means of panel data analysis. The results obtained are then compared with the Kuznets curve.

scholarly journals Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis for Turkey: The Role of Clean Energy Consumption and Ecological Footprint

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suleyman Yurtkuran
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis

Abstract This study aims to investigate the dynamic relationship between income, clean energy consumption, exports, imports, urbanization and ecological footprint for Turkey from 1973 to 2015 using the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. The long-term coefficients derived from the ARDL approach demonstrate that import increase the ecological footprint, whereas urbanization and clean energy consumption do not have an impact on environmental pollution in the long-term. In addition, the 2001 dummy variable is negative and statistically significant. The crisis in 2001 slowed down the economic growth rate. This situation also caused reduction of environmental pollution. Moreover, the long run estimates indicate that the EKC hypothesis is valid in Turkey. However, the turning point of per capita income was calculated as $16,045 that outside of the analyzed period. As economic activities increase, human pressure on nature continues to increase. Consequently, the only factor that reduces the ecological footprint has been determined as exports. In contrast, economic growth and clean energy consumption cannot be used as a tool to reduce the ecological footprint. Turkey needs a higher level of per capita income than the threshold level to improve environmental quality.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DAN KETIMPANGAN DISTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN PROVINSI BALI

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-344
Author(s):  
Rendi Kurniawan ◽  
Syamsul Huda
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Calculation Result ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Typology Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Index Calculation

This study aims to determine the Regency / City Classification in Bali Province based on the Klassen Typology, the condition of income distribution inequality between districts / cities, the relationship between income distribution inequality with per capita income, and whether the relationship forms the U-Reverse Kuznets Curve. This research is an analysis of secondary data obtained from BPS Bali Province. The analytical model used is Klassen Typology analysis, Williamson Index, Product Moment Correlation (Pearson). Klassen's Typology Results, Badung Regency and Denpasar City are included in Quadrant I area, Gianyar Regency is included in Quadrant III area, and the remaining 6 Regencies are included in Quadrant IV area. Furthermore, the Williamson Index Calculation in the Year of Observation shows that there is an imbalance in the Province of Bali which shows a downward trend. While the calculation result of Product Moment Correlation (Pearson) shows a very strong relationship between the Williamson Index and the Per capita GRDP and is negative, but the relationship does not form the Kuznets Curve to be a U-Reverse letter.

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