scholarly journals The oldest platylepadid turtle barnacle (Cirripedia, Coronuloidea): a new species of Platylepas from the Lower Pleistocene of Italy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Collareta ◽  
Agatino Reitano ◽  
Antonietta Rosso ◽  
Rossana Sanfelippo ◽  
Mark Bosselaers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Upper Pleistocene ◽  
The Family ◽  
Lower Pleistocene ◽  
History Of ◽  
A New Species

Coronuloid barnacles are epibionts of several marine vertebrates (including cetaceans and sea turtles) as well as invertebrates, and are assigned to two families of turtle barnacles (Chelonibiidae Pilsbry, 1916 and Platylepadidae Newman & Ross, 1976) and one family of whale barnacles (Coronulidae Leach, 1817). Chelonibiids and coronulids have a scanty, albeit significant fossil record extending back to the Eocene and Pliocene, respectively; in turn, the fossil record of platylepadids is limited to a single record from the Upper Pleistocene. Here we report on an isolated carinolateral compartment of Platylepas Gray, 1825, the type genus of the family, from Lower Pleistocene (Gelasian) epibathyal deposits exposed at Milazzo (Sicily, Italy). This specimen is here designated holotype of a new species, †Platylepas mediterranea sp. nov. We argue that, like most extant members of Platylepas, †P. mediterranea sp. nov. lived partially embedded in the skin of a sea turtle. This record of an extinct platylepadid – the first from the Mediterranean region and the second worldwide – pushes back the fossil record of Platylepadidae to the lowermost Quaternary, thus possibly supporting an even earlier (e.g., Neogene) timing for the origin of this family and adding a new chapter to the evolutionary history of one of the most diverse and successful lineages of epizoic crustaceans.

The first diplatyid earwig in Tertiary amber (Dermaptera: Diplatyidae): A new species from Miocene Mexican amber

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Ross ◽  
Michael S. Engel
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
History Of ◽  
A New Species

The first earwig (Dermaptera) to be described from Mexican (Miocene) amber is named Haplodiplatys crightoni Ross & Engel sp.n., represented by an adult female and constituting the second record of the basal family Diplatyidae in the fossil record. Brief comments are made regarding the biogeographic implications of the fossil and the evolutionary history of Diplatyidae.

New cyriacotheriid pantodonts (Mammalia, Pantodonta) from the Paleocene of Alberta, Canada, and the relationships of Cyriacotheriidae

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig S. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
New Genus ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Unusual Combination ◽  
Early Paleocene ◽  
History Of

Cyriacotheriidae are a family of unusual small-bodied pantodonts known from the Paleocene of the Western Interior of North America. Cyriacotheriids possess a suite of dental characters similar to that of pantodonts (e.g., molar dilambdodonty, lingual molar hypoconulids), as well as several divergent features (e.g., molarized premolars, strong molar conules) that have been interpreted as “dermopteran-like.” the unusual combination of pantodont and dermopteran-like characters, combined with a limited fossil record, has made attempts at understanding the broader relationships of Cyriacotheriidae difficult. This paper reports on a new genus and two new species of cyriacotheriids from the Paleocene of Alberta, Canada, with both species significantly older than those of the only previously described cyriacotheriid, Cyriacotherium. Collectively, the dentitions of these new taxa exhibit derived characters seen in Cyriacotherium (e.g., robust molar conules, strong molar dilambdodonty) in addition to a number of plesiomorphies seen in more basal pantodonts (e.g., conspicuous molar entoconids, deep premolar ectoflexus) and, importantly, posterior premolars that are weakly molariform and non-dilambdodont. A phylogenetic analysis of the new cyriacotheriid, basal pantodonts, dermopterans, and dermopteran-like eutherians resulted in Cyriacotheriidae nesting within a monophyletic Pantodonta. the results strengthen previous hypotheses regarding the pantodont affinities of the family, and suggest that the dermopteran-like features seen in the more derived Cyriacotherium were acquired convergently. Although the discovery of new cyriacotheriids sheds light on the evolutionary history of the family, it cannot resolve the ongoing questions of pantodont origins; nonetheless, their discovery in strata of early Paleocene age indicates that significant parts of the evolutionary history of Cyriacotheriidae, and North American pantodonts more generally, have yet to be discovered.

scholarly journals Ancient crested penguin constrains timing of recruitment into seabird hotspot

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1932) ◽  
pp. 20201497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Thomas ◽  
Alan J. D. Tennyson ◽  
R. Paul Scofield ◽  
Tracy A. Heath ◽  
Walker Pett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Ancestral Area ◽  
Total Group ◽  
Late Neogene ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dietary Shifts ◽  
A New Species

New Zealand is a globally significant hotspot for seabird diversity, but the sparse fossil record for most seabird lineages has impeded our understanding of how and when this hotspot developed. Here, we describe multiple exceptionally well-preserved specimens of a new species of penguin from tightly dated (3.36–3.06 Ma) Pliocene deposits in New Zealand. Bayesian and parsimony analyses place Eudyptes atatu sp. nov. as the sister species to all extant and recently extinct members of the crested penguin genus Eudyptes . The new species has a markedly more slender upper beak and mandible compared with other Eudyptes penguins. Our combined evidence approach reveals that deep bills evolved in both crested and stiff-tailed penguins ( Pygoscelis ) during the Pliocene. That deep bills arose so late in the greater than 60 million year evolutionary history of penguins suggests that dietary shifts may have occurred as wind-driven Pliocene upwelling radically restructured southern ocean ecosystems. Ancestral area reconstructions using BioGeoBEARS identify New Zealand as the most likely ancestral area for total-group penguins, crown penguins and crested penguins. Our analyses provide a timeframe for recruitment of crown penguins into the New Zealand avifauna, indicating this process began in the late Neogene and was completed via multiple waves of colonizing lineages.

The late Berriasian early evolutionary burst of the Orbitolinidae: New insights into taxonomy, origin, diversification and phylogeny of the family based on data from eastern Serbia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 343-382
Author(s):  
Felix Schlagintweit
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Radiation ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Large Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Phylogenetic Evolution ◽  
Family Based ◽  
A New Species

New data from the Carpatho-Balkanides of eastern Serbia evidence the more or less near-simultaneous "explosive" first appearances of several genera of the Orbitolinidae in the late Berriasian. Most of the observed taxa were previously recorded from strata not older than the Late Hauterivian (= classical Urgonian of southeastern France), evidence that these ages refer to local first appearance data. The diversified assemblage from Serbia includes representatives of the subfamilies Dictyoconinae: genera Cribellopsis ARNAUD-VANNEAU, Montseciella CHERCHI & SCHROEDER, Orbitolinopsis HENSON, Urgonina FOURY & MOULLADE, Valserina SCHROEDER & CONRAD, Vanneauina SCHLAGINTWEIT, and Dictyorbitolininae: genus Paracoskinolina MOULLADE. Representatives of the Orbitolininae (with complex embryo) have not been observed. They appeared later in the fossil record seemingly during the Late Hauterivian-early Barremian. All together 17 taxa are reported, of which three in open nomenclature. A new species is described as Cribellopsis sudari n. sp. The majority of the observed species display medium- to high-conical tests and a rather simple exoskeleton lacking horizontal partitions (rafters). The new data contradict a phylogenetic evolution of distinct genera displaying different internal test structures one after the other in time (= ancestor-descendant relationships) as postulated by some authors. The explosive radiation ("early burst") of the Orbitolinidae in the late Berriasian is accompanied by the first appearance date of several other large benthic foraminifera including mostly agglutinating (e.g., Ammocycloloculina, Choffatella, Drevennia, Eclusia, Moulladella, Pfenderina, Pseudotextulariella) but also complex porcelaneous taxa (Pavlovcevina) providing evidence for a bioevent in this time period that exceeds the number of taxa originating in the previous (Tithonian) and the following stage (Valanginian). The early evolutionary history of the Orbitolinidae can be considered a classical example of adaptive radiation within the clade's history.

A new species of Cirrophorus (Annelida: Paraonidae) from Mediterranean organically enriched coastal environments, with taxonomic notes on the family

2017 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 871-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Langeneck ◽  
Michele Barbieri ◽  
Ferruccio Maltagliati ◽  
Alberto Castelli
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Coastal Environments ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
A New Species

Cirrophorus nikebianchii sp. nov. is described from brackish-water and organically enriched marine environments of the Mediterranean Sea. The new species is characterized by a very small prostomial antenna and a high number of branchiae pairs. A phylogenetic analysis carried out through the use of three molecular markers (16S rRNA, 18S rRNA and COI) supports the distinction between C. nikebianchii and C. furcatus, a closely related species with which it has been misidentified. Preliminary results obtained show that the genera Cirrophorus and Paradoneis are not reciprocally monophyletic, with uncertain relationships with the remaining genera of Paraonidae. This outcome suggests that the evolutionary history of Paraonidae is less straightforward than previously supposed. Moreover, the uncertainty about the taxonomic status of Paraonides neapolitana, type species of the genus Paraonides, makes the revamping of the taxonomy of Paraonidae more challenging. Awaiting support from studies including more species, and based on morphological and genetic data as well, we suggest to provisionally maintain the current use of Cirrophorus and Paradoneis, and to assign to Paraonella the species traditionally assigned to Paraonides.

The earliest known (Namurian A, E1) haplolepids (Osteichthyes: Actinopterygii)

1983 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A. Lowney
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Nomen Nudum ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Skull Roof ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
A New Species

ABSTRACTTwo new genera and species of haplolepids (Chondrostei), Protohaplolepis scotica and Blairolepis loanheadensis, are described from the ironstones of Loanhead, Midlothian (Namurian A, E1); this represents the earliest known record of the family. Protohaplolepis scotica (= Traquair's nomen nudum “Eurylepis scoticus”) shows many features in common with Westoll's hypothetical haplolepid “common ancestor X”, and is possibly ancestral to the Haplolepis–Microhaplolepis line within the family. Blairolepis loanheadensis, known only from a skull roof, shows greater similarities to Parahaplolepis and Pyritocephalus, but differs from these genera in having separate dermopterotics and parietals. Two subfamilies, the Haplolepinae and the Parahaplolepinae, are suggested to reflect the distinct evolutionary lines within the family.A new species, Parahaplolepis westolli, is also described from Newsham, Northumberland (Westphalian B). This species shows a close resemblance to the American species Parahaplolepis tuberculata from Linton, Ohio.A brief discussion of the evolutionary history of the family is presented, along with a summary of its stratigraphical and geographical distribution.

Systematics and biogeography of the “Metacryphaeus group” Calmoniidae (Trilobita, Devonian), with comments on adaptive radiations and the geological history of the Malvinokaffric Realm

1993 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce S. Lieberman
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South African ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adaptive Radiations ◽  
Rapid Diversification

Phylogenetic parsimony analysis was used to classify the Siegenian–Eifelian “Metacryphaeus group” of the family Calmoniidae. Thirty-eight exoskeletal characters for 16 taxa produced a shortest-length cladogram with a consistency index of 0.49. A classification based on retrieving the structure of this cladogram recognizes nine genera: Typhloniscus Salter, Plesioconvexa n. gen., Punillaspis Baldis and Longobucco, Eldredgeia n. gen., Clarkeaspis n. gen., Malvinocooperella n. gen., Wolfartaspis Cooper, Plesiomalvinella Lieberman, Edgecombe, and Eldredge (used to represent the malvinellid clade), and Metacryphaeus Reed. The malvinellid clade is most closely related to a revised monophyletic Metacryphaeus. Typhloniscus is the basal member of the “Metacryphaeus group,” and the monotypic Wolfartaspis is sister to the clade containing the malvinellids and Metacryphaeus. Six new species are diagnosed: Punillaspis n. sp. A, “Clarkeaspis” gouldi, Clarkeaspis padillaensis, Malvinocooperella pregiganteus, Metacryphaeus curvigena, and Metacryphaeus branisai. Primitively, this group has South African and Andean affinities, and its evolutionary history suggests rapid diversification. In addition, evolutionary patterns in this group, and the distribution of character reversals, call into question certain notions about the nature of adaptive radiations. The distributions of taxa may answer questions about the number of marine transgressive/regressive cycles in the Emsian–Eifelian of the Malvinokaffric Realm.

A new feather mite species of the genus Neumannella Trouessart, 1916 (Analgoidea, Dermoglyphidae) from the Red-winged Tinamou Rhynchotus rufescens (Temminck, 1815) (Aves, Tinamiformes) with remarks to the evolution of host-parasite associations of the genus

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Dabert
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Feather Mite ◽  
History Of ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Reconciliation Method ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Mite Family

AbstractNeumannella skorackii, a new species of the feather mite family Dermoglyphidae (Acari, Astigmata) is described from the Red-winged Tinamou Rhynchotus rufescens (Temminck, 1815) (Aves, Tinamiformes) from Paraguay and a key to all known species of the genus is provided. The phylogenetic relationships (MP analysis of 25 morphological characters) between Neumannella species along with the evolutionary history of host-parasite associations revealed by Jungle reconciliation method are reconstructed. Relatively low cospeciation contribution to the recent host-parasite associations is discovered.

First Dicranomyia Stephens, 1829 (Diptera, Limoniidae) in Colombian copal

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
WIESŁAW KRZEMIŃSKI ◽  
IWONA KANIA ◽  
KATARZYNA KOPEĆ ◽  
MAGDALENA OKOŃ
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
History Of ◽  
A New Species

The description of a new species of the genus Dicranomyia Stephens, 1829 (Diptera: Limoniidae) from Colombian copal is presented. The newly described species Dicranomyia (Dicranomyia) colombiana sp. nov. is the first representative of the genus in Colombian copal. The ecological and biogeographical patterns, morphological evolution and the aspects evolutionary history of extinct and extant representatives of Dicranomyia (with particular references to the representatives in Colombian copal) are discussed. 

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