scholarly journals Digital economy: Basic aspects and the case of Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-96
Author(s):  
Žarko Đorić
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Regulatory Reform ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Global Nature ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Traditional Economy

The global economy, strong competition, changing the nature of the workforce and consumer sophistication have influenced the need to transform the traditional economy into a digital economy, as a new phenomenon that permeates almost all economic and social processes in one society. The aim of the research is to point out the nature and characteristics of the digital economy, as well as its achieved level of development in the Republic of Serbia. The digital economy, showing its global nature, "leaked" to us, and the very process of digitization by the government was set as one of the three pillars of Serbia's development (in addition to economic growth and education). Using case-study method we found that Serbia is still very far from a massive digital lifestyle. Engaging in an ambitious regulatory reform process in the field of telecommunications: all digital services, applications and content depend on the availability of fast and secure infrastructure.

scholarly journals Rechtsvacuum Phenomenon in Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 51 of 2020 related to Passport Renewal Period to 10 Years

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Fachrizza Sidi Pratama
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Renewal Period ◽  
Law Regulation ◽  
Laws And Regulations

Legislation is one of the legal products issued by the state government component. In this case, the laws and regulations include the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia year 1945, the Decree of the People's Consultative Assembly, The Law / Regulation of the Government In lieu of Laws, Government Regulations, Presidential Regulations, and Local Regulations. As for its application, the rules have levels in the arrangement, where there are sections that explain macro and its derivatives that are narrowing down to the implementing regulations. The levels of the rules must be complete because each of them has its own function.  Meanwhile, in this journal, there will be a discussion on the phenomenon of legal vacancies in the case study of Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 51 of 2020 related to the Period of Extending Passports to 10 Years, where in the issuance of government regulations have not been included implementing regulations that will regulate how the implementation of government regulations in the field.  

scholarly journals Financing for a Sustainable PPP Development: Valuation of the Contractual Rights under Exercise Conditions for an Urban Railway PPP Project in Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kangsoo Kim ◽  
Hyejin Cho ◽  
Donghyung Yook
Keyword(s):  
Financial Risk ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Low Probability ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Private Investors ◽  
Contractual Rights

The Minimum Revenue Guarantee (MRG) was designed to mitigate the financial risk of private investors that participate in the transportation project as concessionaire under a public-private partnership (PPP) program. The MRG can pose a significant financial burden to governments especially when the contract revenue is set considerably higher than the actual revenue. This may encourage the concessionaire to inflate the traffic forecast to make the project look as if it will be profitable. In order to mitigate this problem, extra conditions for exercising the MRG can be considered. This study examines how these exercise conditions change the economic value of the MRG using the case study based on the urban railway project in the Republic of Korea. By utilizing the real options analysis, the study identified that the exercise conditions have worked to curtail the expected payment from the government, eventually leading to a reduction in the concessionaire’s expectation of revenue. The value of MRG was at a far lower level compared to the concessionaire’s investment because of the low probability of exercising the MRG when the exercise conditions apply. The findings are expected to contribute to the sustainability of the PPP program by recognizing and quantifying liabilities and risks embedded in the concession agreement in advance.

Operational manifestations of institutional dysfunction in post-apartheid South Africa

Water Policy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 998-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jai K. Clifford-Holmes ◽  
Carolyn G. Palmer ◽  
Chris J. de Wet ◽  
Jill H. Slinger
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Transdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Effective Water

At the centre of the water law reform process initiated by the first democratic government of the Republic of South Africa (RSA) lay the challenge of transforming away from apartheid water injustices. Reform culminated in the promulgation of new legislation, regarded internationally as ambitious and forward-thinking legislation reflective of the broad aims of integrated water resource management (IWRM). However, implementation of this legislation has been challenging. This paper analyses institutional dysfunction in water management in the Sundays River Valley Municipality (Eastern Cape Province, RSA). A transdisciplinary approach is taken in addressing the failure of national law and policy to enable the delivery of effective water services in post-apartheid RSA. A case study is used to explore interventions to promote effective water supply, locating these interventions and policies within the legislative structures and frameworks governing the water sector. We suggest that fine-grained institutional analysis together with learning from persistent iterative, adaptive practice, with principled goals intact, offers a pragmatic and achievable alternative to grand-scale policy change.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF THE POST ARAB SPRING ON THE HUMAN RIGHTS IN SYRIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 456-463
Author(s):  
Dakheelallah Alharbi ◽  
Zarina Othman ◽  
Sity Daud
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Arab Spring ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to give an analysis of the humanitarian situation and the case of human rights in Syria after the events of the Arab spring. Methodology: This is analytical-descriptive research that has been done through literature review, content analysis, and documentary and case study research. Result: our results suggest that the Syrian government made false concessions designed to end the revolts. The occurrence led to the formation of a rebel group, the Free Syrian Army whose main objective was to oust the authoritarian regime and stop the killing of civilians. This marked the beginning of the blatant violation of human rights as well as the civil war in Syria. The government not only ignited but also took the war to its own people killing, injuring and imprisoning thousands of people. Worse still, thousands of women and young girls still suffer sexual violence during the nightly raids conducted frequently on either opposing camps. Following the massive violations of human rights, almost all economic sectors of Syria have met rock-bottom. Applications: This research can be used for policymakers and the international community to take a further step to aid the Syrian civilians. Novelty/Originality: In our research, we try to target a very much debated topic in the Middle East. Although several articles written about the humanitarian and human rights situation in Syria studies on human rights after the Arab spring is still lacking.

scholarly journals Digitalization of the economy in the geography of the Republic of Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 10044
Author(s):  
Madina A Raimjanova ◽  
Dildora Kh Shadiyeva ◽  
Laziz S Zoyirov ◽  
Rasulbek B Saidov ◽  
Mavluda T Askarova
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
The World ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

The article is devoted to an overview of the development and state of the digital economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the world as a whole. In particular, the role of information and communication technologies in enhancing the economic growth of countries and facilitating access to public services is being examined. The main components that stimulate the development of the country’s digital economy (investments in information and communication technologies and their development, digital infrastructure, e-government) are revealed. When studying the material, the methods of analysis, observation, grouping, comparison of world experience in the development of information and communication technologies, and the digitization of the economy were used. A review of the main world ratings that are significant in the development of the digital economy is carried out and the place of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the ratings is revealed, a growth trend is noted. The analysis of the prospects of digital technologies in the Republic of Uzbekistan is carried out, the special role of the documents issued by the government on the development of the digital economy, as well as the organizations created that allow making innovative proposals, is noted. Based on the results of the study of the material, recommendations were made for improving the state of the digital economy in the country and in the world as a whole. These recommendations are also reflected in the regulatory documents on regulating the digitalization of the economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

scholarly journals Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Perbatasan Sebagai Tolak Ukur Efektivitas Keadilan di Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Gede Yudiarta Wiguna ◽  
Siti Safa’ati Rohmah ◽  
Gusti Ayu Indira Syahrani Putri
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Border Area ◽  
The People ◽  
Border Areas ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Study Type

This article was written with the aim of discussing the situation of the people who live on the borders of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, which are classified as far from the reach of the government regarding justice and justice. The lack of concern for the conditions of life in the border region is a rebellion which has an effect on the sense or spirit of people's nationalism towards their own homeland. The method used in this article is a case study type qualitative approach. This article explains the definition of justice obtained from accountable sources and in this article discusses the conditions and situations of the people who live in the border area as a measure for the realization of equitable justice and justice. This article can later be used as a reference in realizing the welfare and justice of communities in border areas.

scholarly journals Menakar Konstitusionalitas Syari’at Islam dan Mahkamah Syar’iyah di Provinsi Aceh

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 606
Author(s):  
Hani Adhani
Keyword(s):  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
High Court ◽  
Technical Management ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

Salah satu point penting yang diatur dalam perjanjian Helsinki terkait dengan penegakan hukum di Aceh adalah diberlakukannya Qanun dengan tujuan untuk menghormati tradisi sejarah Islam dan adat istiadat rakyat Aceh yang mayoritas muslim. Selain itu, untuk mensinergikan antara Qanun dengan pengadilan, maka di Provinsi Aceh dibentuk suatu sistem peradilan Syar’iyah yang tidak memihak dan independen, termasuk pengadilan tinggi yang tetap merupakan bagian dari sistem peradilan Republik Indonesia. Pembentukan Pengadilan Syar’iyah di Provinsi Aceh merupakan salah satu upaya untuk membuat kekhususan sebagaimana diatur dalam perjanjian Helsinki pada tahun 2005.  Namun, dalam dataran teknis pengaturan manajemen pengadilan Syar’iyah juga masih terkendala khususnya oleh karena adanya dua aturan hukum yang berlaku yaitu Qanun yang dibuat oleh Dewan Perwakilam Rakyat Daerah Provinsi Aceh dan undang-undang yang dibuat oleh Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat beserta Presiden. Hal tersebut berakibat Undang-Undang Pemerintahan Aceh yang mengatur tentang teknis pengaturan pengadilan Syar’iyah dan pembuatan Qanun juga banyak di lakukan judicial review ke Mahkamah Konstitusi. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisa tentang efektifitas pemberlakukan Qanun dan pengadilan Syar’iyah di Provinsi Aceh pasca di undangkannya Undang-Undang Pemerintahan Aceh. Adapun tulisan ini dibuat dengan menggunakan metode penulisan normatif dengan pendekatan studi historis dan pendekatan studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengadilan Syar’iyah yang telah dibentuk di Provinsi Aceh meski pada awalnya mengalami kendala namun dapat berjalan baik. Adanya kekhususan yang diberikan kepada Provinsi Aceh merupakan bagian dari upaya untuk menjalankan amanat konstitusi khususnya Pasal 18B UUD 1945.Kata kunci: Qanun, Pemerintahan Aceh, Mahkamah Syar’iyah, Mahkamah Konstitusi. Abstract One crucial point stipulated in the Helsinki agreement related to law enforcement in Aceh is the enactment of the Qanun with the aim of respecting Islamic historical traditions and the customs of the Acehnese people who are predominantly Muslim. Besides, to synergise between the Qanun and the court, in the Province of Aceh a Syar'iyah justice system was formed which was impartial and independent, including a high court which remained part of the judicial system of the Republic of Indonesia. The establishment of the Shariah Law in Aceh Province was one of the efforts to make it specific as stipulated in the Helsinki agreement in 2005. However, in the field of technical management of the Syariah court management is also still constrained especially due to the existence of two applicable laws namely the Qanun made by the Aceh Province Regional People's Representative Council and laws made by the House of Representatives and the President. This resulted in the Law on the Government of Aceh governing the Syar'iyah court and the Qanun being judged by the Constitutional Court. This paper aims to analyse the effectiveness of the implementation of Qanun and the Syar'iyah court in Aceh Province after the enactment of the Law on the Governing of Aceh. The writing is made using normative writing methods with historical study approaches, and case study approaches. The results of the study showed that the Syar'iyah court which had been formed in the Aceh Province even though initially had problems but could work well. The specificity given to the Aceh Province is part of an effort to carry out the mandate of the constitution, especially Article 18B of the 1945 Constitution. 

Brigdeheader Space for Dwell in Jakarta

2015 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
Deni ◽  
Salwin
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Practical Observation ◽  
Low Cost Housing ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The City ◽  
Collection Methods

Bridgeheader is one of the typology of low-income people in the city who assume that the house is only ‘a springboard’ for their life in the city. This group of people dwelt not far from the location of their place to work; occupying marginal spaces in the city and its environment tend to be slump. Almost all areas in the city of Jakarta have marginal spaces, therefore the government attempt to improve the quality of their houses, for example by providing low-cost housing. In fact the low-cost house which was provided by the government failed to be ‘consumed’ by the brigdeheaders at the time when the used value of the house has been turned into market value. The research aimed to determine such approaches of use value of the house that can be ‘consumed’ by the brigdeheader, but did not undermine the space in the city. Data collection methods using practical observation conducted with interviews. While the analysis using descriptive pragmatic method in four case study area in Jakarta. The findings indicate that the concept of house for this group is not determined only by the ‘low price tag’ but also ‘the way of use’ of the space contributed with the result that the house can be ‘consumed’ well.

The Impact of the Role of the Government of Egypt on Electronic Commerce Development and Growth

2011 ◽  
pp. 2376-2394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherif Kamel ◽  
Ahmed Ghoneim ◽  
Sherine Ghoneim
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Wealth Inequalities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government

Information and communication technology with a focus on the digital economy and the implications of the development of electronic commerce is increasingly playing an active role in the development and growth of the global economy. The implications are wide and diversified. This includes the facilitation of trade transactions and acceleration of movement of capital through the new rules of the digital economy with the removal of time and distance barriers. The impacts are varying in density and effectiveness between developed and developing nations. Electronic commerce could be beneficial to business and socioeconomic development in the north (developed world) as well as in the south (developing nations). Small and medium-sized enterprises stand a unique opportunity worldwide to optimally leverage their capacities and excel from the diversified communication channels the digital economy presents. However, one challenge remains critical and that is the growing digital divide emerging between developed and developing nations as well as within developing nations themselves, which could deepen income and wealth inequalities. In that respect, the government role in developing nations in preventing the widening of the digital divide is becoming increasingly vital with implications that vary and affect business, culture and the society at large. During the past two decades, electronic commerce has had a diversified variety of impacts on organizations of all types and sizes. Such impacts differed from one country to another and from one environment to another, depending on the local conditions and the adaptation of the society. Implications related to the management and leadership of the organizations, their vision, mission and strategies, policies, governance, the organizational learning, ethics and culture among other elements. This chapter demonstrates the role of the government of Egypt in introducing, diffusing and institutionalizing electronic commerce. Electronic commerce represents a tremendous challenge and at the same time a great opportunity for growth and development, and hence it needs an institutional role to regulate it. Electronic commerce promises great potentials for developing nations giving poor nations and their populations additional access to markets, information, and other resources that would have otherwise been inaccessible. However, there has been a great fear of a digital divide emerging between developed and developing nations. Hence, the governments’ involvement of developing nations, such as Egypt, in preventing the appearance or the widening of the digital divide is of paramount importance. With respect to electronic commerce, the role of the government is highly different from its traditional role in other conventional areas that have been subject to extensive research, such as infrastructure and social services amongst others. It is different because electronic commerce is a newly ventured domain for government involvement that requires substantial thinking and structuring of the role it should play; it is more or less a comprehensive new role with aspects related to setting the rules for market operations as well as developing control measures to handle the risk factor associated with electronic commerce-related investments. Electronic commerce represents both a challenge and an opportunity for a developing nation such as Egypt with potentials for growth and development. This chapter introduces electronic commerce in Egypt with a focus on the prevailing status and the institutional role of the government to regulate electronic commerce and develop the electronic trading industry.

Anticlericalism, Politics, and Freemasonry in Mexico, 1920–1940

2009 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Smith
Keyword(s):  
School Teacher ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
The State ◽  
Government School ◽  
Catholic Action ◽  
Pastoral Letters ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All ◽  
San Andres

On 16 April 1938, the school teacher of the Mixtec village of San Andrés Dinicuiti reported that the Easter week procession had taken place, despite government regulations prohibiting public displays of worship. During the event, the faithful had marched through the streets shouting “Long live religion, death to bad government, death to the state governor, death to the president of the republic.” When they arrived at the local school, they yelled “Death to the masons, long live religion” before denigrating the teacher's parentage. During the 1920s and 1930s, devout Catholic peasants throughout Mexico repeatedly denounced the presumed link between government, school teachers, anticlericalism, and the masons. The popular condemnation obviously emanated in part from the ecclesiastical hierarchy's frequent anti-masonic pronouncements. The Apostolic Delegate's charge that masons were “the cause of our persecution and almost all our national misfortunes” was reiterated in countless bulletins, manifestos, and pastoral letters throughout the country. In 1934, the Bishop of Huajuapam de León, which controlled the parish of San Andrés Dinicuiti, reminded local priests that they were to refuse to accept masons and members of the government party as godparents for baptisms, confirmations, or marriages. A year later, Mexican Catholic Action argued that government policies of socialist education andagrarismowere the “impious work of anti-Christian masons.” However, despite this popular cross-class conviction, there is little historical work on the actual role of the masons in modern Mexico. By examining the archives of the Grand Lodge of Oaxaca, this article posits that Masonic lodges were key to the process of post-revolutionary state formation. As the state sought to assert control over a divided country, freemasonry's anticlericalism not only offered a model for cultural practice, masons also formed a vanguard of willing political emissaries. However, the institution's influence should not be overstressed. It was often curtailed by internecine disputes, political infighting, and an essentially conservative leadership.

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