scholarly journals Peculiarities of the formation and transformation of cultural landscape of the historical settlements of Onezhskoye Pomorye

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Aleksei Aleksandrovich Usov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Local Population ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Arkhangelsk Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
Russian North

The object of this research is the historical,-cultural and natural environment of historical settlements of the Russian North. The subject of this research is the traditional dwelling as a factor of formation and transformation of the cultural landscape of Onezhskoye Pomorye. The goal lies in studying the peculiarities of formation and transformation of cultural landscape of the rural settlements Onezhskoye Pomorye based on the material of traditional dwelling. The research relies on the empirical data acquired in the course of expedition of the Scientific Center for Traditional Culture and Museum Practices of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences to Onezhsky District of Arkhangelsk Region (2018–2021);archival sources of A.V. Shchusev State Museum of Architecture (Moscow), experience of exploring the monuments of wooden architecture of the open-air museum “Malye Korely” (Arkhangelsk Region). The data were obtained by photofixation of the architectural monuments, schematic measurements, and ethnographic survey conducted among local residents using the method of interview. The research employs the original methodology developed by the Doctor of Culturology A. B. Permilovskaya on the architectural-ethnographic exploration of the sites of wooden architecture. Cultural landscape of Onezhskoye Pomorye (and the Russian North overall) primarily is the landscape of rural historical settlements. Northern settlements emerged in close connection with the natural landscape and transformed it into a cultural one. Special role in this process was played by the local population – the Pomors, who were guided by the principles of creating compact settlements, with closed type of dwelling to due to the harsh climate. The adaptive capabilities of traditional dwelling, reflected in its architectural design, allowed the people to survive in the severe conditions of the North. The dwelling is a reflection of natural space of the Russian North and the Arctic, passed through the “prism” of local mentality and carpenter's culture, coexistence of man and the surrounding natural environment, special marker of the North Russian identity, and intrinsic part of the North Russian cultural landscape.

scholarly journals Peasant house as a factor of formation of cultural landscape of the Russian North and the Arctic (on the example of Purnema settlement)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Aleksei Aleksandrovich Usov
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Arkhangelsk Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Photographic Evidence ◽  
Russian North ◽  
Marine Culture

The subject of this research is the traditional dwelling in the natural and cultural space of the Russian North and the Arctic. The goal of this work is to examine the peculiarities of a peasant house in Purnema settlement as a factor of formation of the cultural landscape of Onezhskoye Pomorye. The dwelling is examines not as an isolated structure, but an integral part of the North Russian cultural landscape, one of the key elements of the traditional culture of Pomorye— the Russian variant of marine culture in the Arctic. The research is based on empirical data acquired in the course of expedition in 2020 on the territory of Onezhskoye Pomorye, settlement of Purnema, Arkhangelsk Region. The article emplopys archival sources of the State Museum of Architecture named after A.V. Shchusev (Moscow), wooden architecture sites in the open-air museum “Malye Korely” (Arkhangelsk Region). Empirical data was obtained via photographic evidence of architectural sites, schematic measurements, and ethnographic questionnaire of local residents, using the method of interview. The research also leans on methodology developed by the Doctor of Culturology A. B. Permilovskaya on the architectural and ethnographic survey of the wooden architecture sites. The conclusion is made that the architectural-construct peculiarities of the dwelling and type settlement demonstrate the specific lifestyle of the Russian people in the harsh forest zone and their adjustment to the local climate. In the conditions of the North and the Arctic, a peasant house manifests as a stabilizing factor of adaptation, which ensures sustainable coexistence of population and cultural landscape formed therein; and thus, the effectiveness of ethnosocial and environmental development of the Northern and Arctic territories of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Mythopoetic Aspects of Traditional Pomor Cryosophy and Anthropology of the Cold: Reconstruction and Interpretation

2021 ◽  
pp. 122-133
Author(s):  
Nikolay Terebikhin ◽  
◽  
Marina Melyutina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Semiotic Analysis ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
State Institute ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Sacred Geometry ◽  
The North ◽  
Russian North ◽  
Scientific Ideas

This article deals with the reconstruction of the ritual-mythological origins and interpretation of archaic semantics of a number of concepts, images, metaphors and symbols that constitute the corpus of Pomor cryosophy and anthropology of the cold. The research is based on the semiotic analysis and hermeneutics of traditional texts of Pomor culture and works included in the semantic circle of the Northern text of Russian literature. The concept of cryosophy was developed by the outstanding Russian geocryologist V.P. Melnikov, who viewed it as an “ontology of the cold world”, a system of philosophical and scientific ideas about the fundamental characteristics and principles of the cryosphere in all its forms. The conceptual and methodological framework of anthropology of the cold was articulated in the works of employees of the Laboratory for Comprehensive Geocultural Research on the Arctic (Arctic State Institute of Culture and Arts, Yakutsk). The study of traditional Pomor cryosophy is based on the author’s previous research in the field of geosophy, sacred geography, and semiotics of cultural landscape of the Russian North. It is fully compliant with the subject-problem field of the anthropology of the cold. Metaphysical cold pervades all aspects of the sophic arrangement of the Pomor ethnocentrum, whose sacred geometry is similar to the configuration of “cold” societies. The class of “cold” societies based on the mythological paradigm of eternal return includes the archaic and traditional communities of the Russian Arctic (Sami, Nenets, Komi, Russian Pomors). The ideology of Old Believers was one of the leading mechanisms aimed to “cool” and maintain the homeostasis of the structure of local and ethnic communities in Pomorye. It was reflected in the sacred geometry of monastic and local self-government in the Russian North. The “cold option” of Pomor culture, along with the preserving values of the old faith, included more archaic elements and “cooling” mechanisms going back to the shamanistic ritual-mythological complex. In Pomor society, the function of such a refrigerator, preserving the sacred knowledge of the structure of the universe and maintaining the eternal still of the northern world, was performed by the poet-storyteller. He used word magic to turn the icy silence of the North into the sounding mythopoetic cosmos.

scholarly journals Value orientations of the inhabitants of the Arctic territories of Russia in the intergenerational context (on the example of the Arkhangelsk region)

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
K.O. Malinina ◽  
◽  
T.A. Blynskaia
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Value System ◽  
State Management ◽  
Arkhangelsk Region ◽  
The Russian Federation

Discussed is upon the issue of state management of the socio-economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The special role of the Arctic territories in the economic development of our country is noted. The need is indicated to look at the problems of the Russian Arctic from the other side — from the side of human potential, which is one of the driving forces of the economy. The authors present some of the results of a sociological study conducted by them in the Arctic territories of Russia (in particular, in the Arkhangelsk region). The study is devoted to the intergenerational differentiation of value orientations. Its methodological basis, among others, was formed by the scientific views of R. Inglehart and K. Welzel, who believe that the condition that precedes socio-political and economic modernization is the transformation of the value orientations of the majority of the population. The value system, according to scientists, is quite stable within the life of one generation, and therefore, it makes sense to track changes based on the differences between generations. On the basis of the Theory of Generations, a toolkit was developed that makes it possible to identify the parameters of the value system of residents of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) belonging to different generations. The main method for collecting empirical data was a semi-structured in-depth interview with representatives of the selected generations.

scholarly journals Local identity and self-identity of residents of northern Russian cities of Arkhangelsk and Severodvinski

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 01045
Author(s):  
Natalia Drannikova ◽  
Inga Zashihina
Keyword(s):  
Population Survey ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Local Identity ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Arkhangelsk Region ◽  
Speech Data ◽  
Russian North

Local population survey based on specially developed questionnaire was held to study local identity of Arkhangelsk and Severodvinsk in the Arkhangelsk region (Russian North) from 2000 till 2015. Aquired folklore and speech data allow us to analyze Arkhangelsk and Severodvinsk citizens’ local identity distinctive features. The held research allows one to make a conclusion that the Arkhangelsk and Severodvinsk citizens have their own developed local identity, but with different specific characteristics. The local population has their own images of themselves and other people/neighbours. Arkhangelsk was founded as a traditional town, Severodvinsk – during country urbanization processes. Severodvinsk inhabitants have double or triple identification more often than Arkhangelsk citizens.

scholarly journals Historical and cultural landscape of the Kuda River valley and its use for recreational purposes

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
Natalia Shestopalova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Project Proposal ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
The Town

The issues of the micro-agglomeration organization of the oldest rural settlements of the 18th century in the Irkutsk region, the villages of Ust-Kuda, Urik and Khomutovo, are considered in this paper on the basis of the recreational development, and development of the existing historical and cultural landscapes. The main idea of the research (carried out at the Department of Architecture and Urban Development of Irkutsk National Research Technical University under the guidance of the author), in which the town planning potential of the site was identified and the project proposal followed, as presented in the illustrative part of the article, was transformation of the main axis of the inter-village highway on the Greenway principle: creation of the “Green corridor”, saturated with the objects of the tourist cluster (monuments of architecture and natural attractions, panoramic views, etc.), pedestrian alleys, bike paths and other sports and recreational facilities. This will significantly improve the recreational, cultural and, as a result, investment attractiveness of this territory, both for the local population, and for domestic and foreign tourists.

scholarly journals VIDEOCONTEST SENSITIVITY OF PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN IN EXTREME CLIMATIC AND ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE ARCTIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
M.A. Koshuba ◽  
◽  
S.A. Petrov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Cultural Integration ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The North ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Industrial Civilization ◽  
Primary School Age

Ethnic groups of the small peoples of the North are a unique social phenomenon, as they preserve the traditional way of life laid down in age-old traditions, preserve the linguistic heritage, continue national crafts and way of managing. The interference of industrial civilization, environmental aspects, globalization processes, economic and cultural integration have their colossal destruction not only on the natural habitat and way of life of indigenous peoples, but also impose extremely high demands on the adaptive capabilities of the organism. Younger schoolchildren were examined who underwent visiocontrast perimetry in the range of spatial frequencies from 0,37 to 18 cycles / deg. It was found that for the diagnostic assessment of central vision in health and disease, it is necessary to take into account the age of the patients and climatogeographic living conditions

scholarly journals Gender-specific perceptions of environmental problems by the indigenous peoples of the North of Russia

POPULATION ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-84
Author(s):  
Evgenia V. Potravnaya
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Full Account ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gender Specific

The article deals with gender aspects of the perception of environmental problems by the population in the industrial development of the Arctic. There is substantiated the need to develop an ethno-social approach to the study of environmental problems in the framework of interaction between mining companies and the indigenous peoples of the North. It is proposed to conduct sociological surveys of the population when assessing the impact on the ethnological environment (ethnological expertise of the project). The experience of conducting such research to identify and assess gender-specific perceptions of environmental problems in the implementation of investment projects in the Arctic is shown. Based on the results of the empirical research in 2017–2019 on alluvial gold and diamond mining projects in the Northern regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the main environmental problems that concern the local population are identified. These include: pollution of the environment in the territories of traditional nature use, decrease in the number of deer, reduction in the number of objects of traditional crafts, lack of a system for garbage removal and processing, climate change, and others. The article shows specifics of the environmental problems perception by the indigenous inhabitants of the North (Evenks, Dolgans, Yukagirs, Sakha) on a gender basis. It proposes a mechanism for taking into account the gender characteristics of the population’s behavior in the impact of economic activities on the environment in order to ensure gender equality by signing an agreement between mining companies and the local population on the socio-economic development of the territory. The concept of a gender approach to the account of ethnosocial and environmental aspects of territory development with the account the life cycle of the project is substantiated. Implementation of this approach will allow a more full account of the interests and needs of the indigenous population in the industrial development of the territory in the Arctic.

Indigenous Peoples of the Russian North and Their Right to Traditional Fishing

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Andreyevna Zmyvalova
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Far East ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
Russian North ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Traditional Fishing

The preservation of the traditional livelihood of the indigenous peoples of the Russian North is one of the State’s policy priorities in the Russian Federation. This is declared in such documents as, inter alia, the Development Strategy of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation and the National Security for the period up to 2020 and the Paper on the Sustainable Development of the Indigenous Small-Numbered Peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East of Russia for the period up to 2025. Fishing is one of the basic traditional practices for the indigenous peoples of the Russian North. Despite the legal recognition of the right to traditional fishing of indigenous peoples, the practical realization of this right is complicated. While analysing the current situation, the author attempts to shed some light on the reasons of the problematic realization of this right.

scholarly journals Imagination of the North in Context of Development of Natural Environment: Mammoth in Mythological Representations of Yakuts

2021 ◽  
pp. 194-210
Author(s):  
O. V. Vasilyeva ◽  
A. A. Kuzmina ◽  
A. R. Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Broad Context ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
The Real ◽  
Fossil Remains ◽  
The North

A number of negative characters in Yakut mythology, as well as individual images of folklore, are considered. The point of view, according to which the basis for the emergence of certain mythological ideas among the Yakuts was the real world, the features of the landscape and climate, to the extent that they influenced a person, is proved. It is noted that the culture of the Sakha people is based on rich mythological concepts that have developed during the development of the vast expanses of the Arctic space. The authors analyze ethnographic notes of the XIX—XX centuries and modern scientific publications, which examine the mythology and folklore of the Sakha people (Yakuts). An attempt has been made to clarify the question of the influence of knowledge about the fossil remains of the mammoth fauna on the formation of mythological ideas related to the peculiarities of the climate of the region being developed. The image of a mammoth is analyzed in the broad context of the mythological views of the Yakuts. It is concluded that secondary esoteric ideas about mammoths, caused by the discovery of their remains, could form the basis of a prototypical image for a number of characters in Yakut mythology, for example, a water bull and a cold bull. It is proved that the idea of mammoths could be reflected in the external appearance of the abaasy heroes in the epic folklore of the Sakha.

scholarly journals Differentiation of normative standards of budgetary appropriations for the maintenance of winter roads in the North of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 00004
Author(s):  
Elena Eduardovna Grigoryeva ◽  
Evgeniy Petrovich Grigoryev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Special Role ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
Conditions Of Work ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The article discusses the results of a study of the issues of maintaining highways of regional and intermunicipal importance in the northern regions of Russia. A special role in the article is given to the category of highways as land and ice winter roads. In the hard-to-reach areas of the Arctic and North of Russia, winter roads are the most important element of the transport system. The maintenance and service of winter roads are the responsibility of the regional authorities. The existing issue of insufficient budgetary support for the maintenance of winter roads is, inter alia, associated with the imperfection of the methodology for calculating target norms of budgetary appropriations. The article presents well-reasoned facts and substantiation of the need to update the norms of budgetary appropriations for the maintenance of winter roads, taking into account difficult territorial natural and climatic conditions of work and transport accessibility of goods delivery. Recommendations are given for changing the methodology for calculating monetary costs for the maintenance of winter roads of regional and intermunicipal importance when determining the amount of appropriations from the budget of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

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