scholarly journals Amino acid synthesis loss in parasitoid wasps and other hymenopterans

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinhai Ye ◽  
Shijiao Xiong ◽  
Ziwen Teng ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
Jiale Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Gene Loss ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Parasitoid Wasps ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis ◽  
The Common ◽  
Multiple Loss ◽  
Lysine Synthesis ◽  
Cotesia Chilonis

Insects utilize diverse food resources which can affect the evolution of their genomic repertoire, including leading to gene losses in different nutrient pathways. Here, we investigate gene loss in amino acid synthesis pathways, with special attention to hymenopterans and parasitoid wasps. Using comparative genomics, we find that synthesis capability for tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and histidine was lost in holometabolous insects prior to hymenopteran divergence, while valine, leucine, and isoleucine were lost in the common ancestor of Hymenoptera. Subsequently, multiple loss events of lysine synthesis occurred independently in the Parasitoida and Aculeata. Experiments in the parasitoid Cotesia chilonis confirm that it has lost the ability to synthesize eight amino acids. Our findings provide insights into amino acid synthesis evolution, and specifically can be used to inform the design of parasitoid artificial diets for pest control.

scholarly journals Lysine provisioning by horizontally acquired genes promotes mutual dependence between whitefly and two intracellular symbionts

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. e1010120
Author(s):  
Xi-Yu Bao ◽  
Jin-Yang Yan ◽  
Ya-Lin Yao ◽  
Yan-Bin Wang ◽  
Paul Visendi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Gene Knockout ◽  
Protein Localization ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis ◽  
Mutual Dependence ◽  
Knockout Mutants ◽  
First Time ◽  
Lysine Synthesis

Horizontal gene transfer is widespread in insects bearing intracellular symbionts. Horizontally transferred genes (HTGs) are presumably involved in amino acid synthesis in sternorrhynchan insects. However, their role in insect-symbiont interactions remains largely unknown. We found symbionts Portiera, Hamiltonella and Rickettsia possess most genes involved in lysine synthesis in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 although their genomes are reduced. Hamiltonella maintains a nearly complete lysine synthesis pathway. In contrast, Portiera and Rickettsia require the complementation of whitefly HTGs for lysine synthesis and have lysE, encoding a lysine exporter. Furthermore, each horizontally transferred lysine gene of ten B. tabaci cryptic species shares an evolutionary origin. We demonstrated that Hamiltonella did not alter the titers of Portiera and Rickettsia or lysine gene expression of Portiera, Rickettsia and whiteflies. Hamiltonella also did not impact on lysine levels or protein localization in bacteriocytes harboring Portiera and ovaries infected with Rickettsia. Complementation with whitefly lysine synthesis HTGs rescued E. coli lysine gene knockout mutants. Silencing whitefly lysA in whiteflies harboring Hamiltonella reduced lysine levels, adult fecundity and titers of Portiera and Rickettsia without influencing the expression of Hamiltonella lysA. Furthermore, silencing whitefly lysA in whiteflies lacking Hamiltonella reduced lysine levels, adult fecundity and titers of Portiera and Rickettsia in ovarioles. Therefore, we, for the first time, demonstrated an essential amino acid lysine synthesized through HTGs is important for whitefly reproduction and fitness of both obligate and facultative symbionts, and it illustrates the mutual dependence between whitefly and its two symbionts. Collectively, this study reveals that acquisition of horizontally transferred lysine genes contributes to coadaptation and coevolution between B. tabaci and its symbionts.

scholarly journals Correlation between equi-partition of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and amino-acid biosynthesis pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 3277-3285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akio Takénaka ◽  
Dino Moras
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Amino Acid Distribution ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis ◽  
Trna Synthetases ◽  
Aminoacyl Trna Synthetases ◽  
Coevolution Theory ◽  
The Common

Abstract The partition of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) into two classes of equal size and the correlated amino acid distribution is a puzzling still unexplained observation. We propose that the time scale of the amino-acid synthesis, assumed to be proportional to the number of reaction steps (NE) involved in the biosynthesis pathway, is one of the parameters that controlled the timescale of aaRSs appearance. Because all pathways are branched at fructose-6-phosphate on the metabolic pathway, this product is defined as the common origin for the NE comparison. For each amino-acid, the NE value, counted from the origin to the final product, provides a timescale for the pathways to be established. An archeological approach based on NE reveals that aaRSs of the two classes are generated in pair along this timescale. The results support the coevolution theory for the origin of the genetic code with an earlier appearance of class II aaRSs.

scholarly journals Retraction: Amino acid synthesis loss in parasitoid wasps and other hymenopterans

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinhai Ye ◽  
Shijiao Xiong ◽  
Ziwen Teng ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
Jiale Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Parasitoid Wasps ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis

scholarly journals Author response: Amino acid synthesis loss in parasitoid wasps and other hymenopterans

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinhai Ye ◽  
Shijiao Xiong ◽  
Ziwen Teng ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
Jiale Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Parasitoid Wasps ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis

scholarly journals Petasis vs. Strecker Amino Acid Synthesis: Convergence, Divergence and Opportunities in Organic Synthesis

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1707
Author(s):  
Wayiza Masamba
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis

α-Amino acids find widespread applications in various areas of life and physical sciences. Their syntheses are carried out by a multitude of protocols, of which Petasis and Strecker reactions have emerged as the most straightforward and most widely used. Both reactions are three-component reactions using the same starting materials, except the nucleophilic species. The differences and similarities between these two important reactions are highlighted in this review.

scholarly journals Enzymatic cascade systems for D-amino acid synthesis: progress and perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwen Fan ◽  
Jiarui Li ◽  
Yangqing Yu ◽  
Danping Zhang ◽  
Yao Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis ◽  
Cascade Systems

Reconstitution of amino acid synthesis by combining spinach chloroplasts with other leaf organelles

1979 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1109-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Buchholz ◽  
Brigitte Reupke ◽  
Horst Bickel ◽  
Gernot Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis ◽  
Spinach Chloroplasts
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