scholarly journals Present practices and emerging opportunities in bioengineering for slope stabilization in Malaysia: An overview

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10477
Author(s):  
Deivaseeno Dorairaj ◽  
Normaniza Osman
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Slope Failures ◽  
Slope Stabilization ◽  
Soil Bioengineering ◽  
Slope Management

Population increase and the demand for infrastructure development such as construction of highways and road widening are intangible, leading up to mass land clearing. As flat terrains become scarce, infrastructure expansions have moved on to hilly terrains, cutting through slopes and forests. Unvegetated or bare slopes are prone to erosion due to the lack of or insufficient surface cover. The combination of exposed slope, uncontrolled slope management practices, poor slope planning and high rainfall as in Malaysia could steer towards slope failures which then results in landslides under acute situation. Moreover, due to the tropical weather, the soils undergo intense chemical weathering and leaching that elevates soil erosion and surface runoff. Mitigation measures are vital to address slope failures as they lead to economic loss and loss of lives. Since there is minimal or limited information and investigations on slope stabilization methods in Malaysia, this review deciphers into the current slope management practices such as geotextiles, brush layering, live poles, rock buttress and concrete structures. However, these methods have their drawbacks. Thus, as a way forward, we highlight the potential application of soil bioengineering methods especially on the use of whole plants. Here, we discuss the general attributions of a plant in slope stabilization including its mechanical, hydrological and hydraulic effects. Subsequently, we focus on species selection, and engineering properties of vegetation especially rooting structures and architecture. Finally, the review will dissect and assess the ecological principles for vegetation establishment with an emphasis on adopting the mix-culture approach as a slope failure mitigation measure. Nevertheless, the use of soil bioengineering is limited to low to moderate risk slopes only, while in high-risk slopes, the use of traditional engineering measure is deemed more appropriate and remain to be the solution for slope stabilization.

scholarly journals AN HISTORICAL SURVEY ON THE EVOLUTION OF SOME FORESTWATERSHED MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES (PART II: STREAM CHANNEL WORKS)

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Bresci ◽  
Federico Preti
Keyword(s):  
Watershed Management ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Historical Survey ◽  
Stream Channel ◽  
Slope Stabilization ◽  
Soil Bioengineering ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Case Part ◽  
Bioengineering Techniques ◽  
Selection Of

Quotations and references, taken from old texts on stream channel works (today classified as belonging to soil bioengineering interventions), are presented and discussed. Part I of the same study previously showed a similar analysis on slope stabilization [Bresci 2002]. The selected quotations are reported in a chronologic order to highlight the historical evolution in each work description and, in particular, the instructions and adjustments to put on when carried out. Where suggestions for vegetation material selection and numerical indications are found in the analyzed texts, they have been reported translated into English. The selection of the analyzed works has been carried out among those utilized for streambank protection, a sector where more often vegetation is utilized. Also in this case (Part II) it is demonstrated that bioengineering techniques clearly originate from forest watershed management.

scholarly journals Fusarium Wilt of Banana in Kisii County, Kenya.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
Kennedy Moseti Momanyi ◽  
James Wanjohi Muthomi ◽  
John Wangai Kimenju
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Brown Discoloration ◽  
The Status ◽  
Fusarium Wilt Of Banana ◽  
Disease Present

Banana categorized as third in world’s key starch crops after cassava and sweet potatoes and it is the fourth most widely grown crop after rice, wheat and maize. The crop accounts for over 70 % of farmer’s earnings in Kisii county of Kenya. Farmers growing the crop are facing several challenges including depletion of soil fertility, low yields and diseases especially Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc). A study was conducted to determine the status of this disease in Kisii County. Ten farms were sampled in each Agro-ecological zone and in each farm four symptomatic and four non-symptomatic mats were sampled. Incidence was determined by relating banana seedlings affected and the total number of banana seedlings planted while severity was determined by measuring the extent of the damage/brown discoloration of the stem in length. Banana roots and pseudostem cuttings that were infected with the disease were used for isolation of the pathogen.Fusarium wilt is common in banana producing regions of Kisii County, however, the management practices are poor and do not meet the required strategies for controlling the disease. It was established that only; wood-ash and poultry manure were used by a few farmers in managing this disease. Present report is an attempt to improve the understanding of distribution and diversity of Foc in banana producing regions of Kisii County thereby aiding formulation of appropriate mitigation measures which the farmers can adopt locally.

scholarly journals Influence of Weathering on the Engineering Properties of Dacites in Northeastern Turkey

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fehmi Arikan ◽  
Nihal Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Loss On Ignition ◽  
Copper Mines ◽  
Weathering Grades

The purpose of this study is to investigate dacites of different weathering grades from the Cakmakkaya and Damar open-pit copper mines in northeastern Turkey based on their mineralogical, petrographical, and geomechanical characteristics. The dacites for which surveys are carried out are mainly subjected to chemical weathering as well as physical disintegration and hydrothermal alteration. Discontinuities in this rock appear to be a major influence on the spatial distribution of weathering profiles, with the intensity of weathering increasing in the plagioclase phenocrystals and microlites as the weathering grade increases. The present results show that the type and amount of clay minerals increase as the weathering grade increases. As the weathering increases, the amount of mobile oxides, such as Na2O, MgO, and CaO, decreases while Fe2O3 and the loss on ignition (LOI) content increase for most of the dacite samples. The microfracture frequency () may be a good indicator of fabric changes, and methylene blue adsorption (MBA) test and LOI may be good indicators of chemical weathering for the dacites. Geomechanical laboratory tests indicate that the strength of the samples is controlled by weathering. Field observations and mineralogical analyses show that the effects of weathering are critical for slope stability.

Credit Risk Management of Commercial Banks in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Shreya Pradhan ◽  
Ajay K. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Credit Risk ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Credit Risk Management ◽  
Loan Repayment ◽  
Credit Risk Assessment

The study is primarily focused on credit risk assessment practices in commercial banks on the basis of their internal efficiency, assessment of assets and borrower. The model of the study is based on the analysis of relationship between credit risk management practices, credit risk mitigation measures and obstacles and loan repayment. Based on a descriptive research approach the study has used survey-based primary data and performed a correlation analysis on them. It discovered that credit risk management practices and credit risk mitigation measures have a positive relationship with loan repayment, while obstacles faced by borrowers have no significant relationship with loan repayment. The study findings can provide good insights to commercial bank managers in analysing their model of credit risk management system, policies and practices, and in establishing a profitable and sustainable model for credit risk assessment, by setting a risk tolerance level and managing credit risks vis-a-vis the prevailing market competition.

scholarly journals Review of attitudes and awareness in the agricultural industry to diffuse pollution issues

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 373-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Merrilees ◽  
A. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Diffuse Pollution ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Farming Industry ◽  
Farm Business ◽  
The Impact

The Scottish Executive considers ‘Diffuse Pollution from Agricultural Enterprises’ as a priority issue over the next 5-10 years and recognises the need to improve knowledge transfer, advice and training amongst farmers, crofters, contractors and advisers. The Scottish Environment Protection Agency commissioned SAC to survey advisory staff on diffuse pollution issues, mitigation measures and delivery of environmental advice to the farming industry. This showed that the impact of agricultural diffuse pollution on the environment is considered a serious problem as is the future impact of legislation on farm business. There is an urgent requirement to raise advisers' awareness of environmental legislation and of mitigation measures. Advisers consider that farmers have limited awareness of diffuse pollution problems but those that do would consider the impact on the environment to be serious. There is a lack of knowledge on the effectiveness of pollution mitigation measures. Better technical information, supported by research, is required. This information is best conveyed to advisers via the internet, technical notes and directly by environmental specialists and delivered on to farmers by farm visits. Lack of funds prevents most farmers adopting best management practices and more than 80% of advisers consider that environmental advice should be free.

Disaster preparedness in Himalayan region: Flood disaster victim perspective

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Meena ◽  
B. S. Meena ◽  
Gopal Sankhala
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Flood Disaster ◽  
Himalayan Region ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Adaptation Measures

The objective of this study is to understand the dairy farmers’ perception and preparedness for flood disaster, perceived losses due to disaster and their adaptation measures. This study is based on both secondary and primary data collected through a survey of 400 dairy farming households from the Chamoli and Rudraprayag district of Himalayan region of Uttarakhand. The results of the study revealed that majority (61.50%) respondents were 36-50 years of age and among them 59 percent were female. The workforce mainly engaged in crop cultivation and animal husbandry, average land holding and livestock per house hold was just 0.46 acres and 5 animals respectively. About 78.6% farmers’ perceived flood as a natural phenomenon, while 21.4% perceived it an unnatural and man-made tragedy. Around (59%) respondents reported that they participated in the village disaster management planning process and 87 percent perceived that state government is prepared for disaster management any time. Very few (15%) respondents received literature about disaster preparedness from developmental agencies. About hundred percent of respondents agreed that flood caused unemployment (50.8%SA and 49.2 %A) in study area whereas, 55 per cent of respondents strongly believed that flood reduced the household income. About 91% of farmers preferred to stored crop residual and forage from forest area to fulfill the fodder demand during the anticipated flood. Majority (89%) of the respondents watching television, listing radio and reading newspaper for flood management practices. Also to mitigate disaster, the government provided various mitigation measures, but the level of satisfaction amongst farmers is low.

scholarly journals Population Dynamics of the Lance Nematode (Hoplolaimus galeatus) in Creeping Bentgrass

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Settle ◽  
J. D. Fry ◽  
T. C. Todd ◽  
N. A. Tisserat
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Final Population ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
Nematode Population Density ◽  
Putting Green ◽  
Hoplolaimus Galeatus ◽  
Lance Nematode

The effects of management practices and nematode population density on the seasonal fluctuationsin lance nematode (Hoplolaimus galeatus) populations in creeping bentgrass were studiedin a naturally infested experimental putting green and in artificially infested microplots. In general, H. galeatus populations increased from late spring through midsummer, declined in August, and increased again in the fall. Population increase in microplots was strongly density dependent, with final population densities inversely proportional to inoculum levels. Ectoparasitic populationsof H. galeatus in both studies were composed of adults and juveniles, whereas endoparasiticpopulations were almost exclusively juveniles. H. galeatus populations in the naturallyinfested site were aggregated spatially, but the aggregation was not temporally stable. Nematodepopulations were not affected by bentgrass cultivar selection or irrigation frequency.

scholarly journals Estimation of sediments produced in a subbasin using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Henrique Expedito Lense ◽  
Rodrigo Santos Moreira ◽  
Fernanda Almeida Bócoli ◽  
Junior Cesar Avanzi ◽  
Alexandre Elias de Miranda Teodoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Factor C

ABSTRACT Among the parameters considered by the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), the soil cover and management factor (C) is the main human influenced factor affecting the estimation of water erosion, and one of the most sensitive to spatiotemporal variations. Consequently, this study aims to compare the efficiency of C factor estimates obtained from the literature for each land-use class (Clit) and by calculation based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (CNDVI). We test the hypothesis that soil loss estimates based on CNDVI approach are more accurate than those based on Clit. Water erosion was estimated based on soil morphological, physical, and chemical properties in addition to climate, relief, management practices, and land use and cover. The modeling steps were realized with the help of the Geographic Information System. The results were validated using the data of total sediment transported with water discharge and daily runoff. RUSLE underestimated soil losses by 0.64 Mg ha-1 year-1 using Clit and 0.45 Mg ha-1 year-1 with CNDVI, which corresponds to errors of 21.05% and 14.80%, respectively. Therefore, the CNDVI factor results are more accurate. Both methodologies identified areas with high erosion rates where the adoption of mitigation measures should be prioritized.

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