SPILL PREVENTION: THE SPCC APPROACH

1975 ◽  
Vol 1975 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-188
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Charlton ◽  
John M. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Engineering Analysis ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Plan Implementation ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Federal Water Pollution Control ◽  
Good Plan ◽  
Spilled Oil

ABSTRACT The Oil Spill Prevention Program of the Environmental Protection Agency is discussed as it has evolved from the implementing legislation: section 311(j)(l)(C) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act. The regulations apply to all non-transportation-related facilities with oil storage in excess of certain minimum amounts from which spilled oil could reasonably be expected to reach navigable waters. The prevention program centers around a requirement in the regulation that these facilities must prepare and implement a Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) plan. The type of engineering analysis needed to prepare or review a plan is discussed along with an outline of what EPA considers to be the elements of a good plan. After the period for plan implementation is past, a facility must submit its SPCC plan to EPA for review if it experiences spill problems. After review, EPA may require revisions to the plan in the form of amendments, but there are several levels of technical appeal on amendments. The paper discusses EPA plan reviews, amendment procedures, appeals on amendments, and finally, penalty procedures and appeals from penalties.

Impact of Wastewater Treatment Regulations on Rural Communities

1977 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-167
Author(s):  
C. Edwin Young
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Cost Sharing ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Federal Water Pollution Control

Federal and state laws require all communities to construct and operate facilities to treat domestic sewage. The 1972 Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (P.L. 92–500) require that all facilities provide the “best practical treatment” by 1977. They established the goal of “best available treatment” by 1983. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines best practical treatment as secondary treatment. It is the premise of this paper that required treatment levels and cost sharing arrangements specified in the current wastewater treatment laws impose relatively greater economic costs on small rural communities than on larger communities.

PROPERTIES AND EFFECTS OF NONPETROLEUM OILS

1975 ◽  
Vol 1975 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans J. Crump-Wiesner ◽  
Allen L. Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Legislative History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Petroleum Oil ◽  
And Chemical Properties

ABSTRACT Legislative history of water pollution control has not included detailed scientific definitions of what is meant by the rather inclusive term “oil.” Because of the publicity surrounding spills of crude or petroleum-derived oils, little attention has been focused on non-petroleum oils. Approximately 5% of the oil spills reported to the Environmental Protection Agency are nonpetroleum oils. Their physical and chemical properties and adverse environmental effects are strikingly similar to the behavior of petroleum oil in the aquatic environment. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the properties and effects of petroleum versus nonpetroleum oils. Their similarities prove that these oils should be treated as one entity regardless of their origin. Finally, additional guidelines are presented to provide a more broadly applicable distinction between oil and other hazardous materials for enforcement purposes.

EVALUATION OF LABORATORY TESTS TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CHEMICAL SURFACE WASHING AGENTS

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 (1) ◽  
pp. 511-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Sullivan ◽  
Karen A. Sahatjian
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Chemical Surface ◽  
Cleaning Agents ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Prudhoe Bay ◽  
Spilled Oil ◽  
Porcelain Tile

ABSTRACT When spilled oil reaches a shoreline, it coats a myriad of surfaces. In many cases, chemical agents are used to clean the shoreline substrates, with varying degrees of effectiveness. Both dispersants and surface washing agents have been used. In this study, the Environmental Protection Agency evaluated two of the four laboratory tests currently available to measure the effectiveness of surface washing agents: the inclined trough test and the swirling coupon test. The agency used two standard reference oils (Prudhoe Bay and bunker C), two test surfaces (stainless steel and porcelain tile), and three cleaning agents (Corexit 9580, Corexit 7664, and Citrikleen XPC) to evaluate the precision, cost, and ease of operations of the two tests. The study concluded that the overall performance of the two tests is similar but that costs for the inclined trough test are lower. Overall, there is concern as to whether any of the four existing tests are appropriate measures of surface washing agent effectiveness. Two problems exist: none of the tests measures the amount of oil remaining on the surface after washing, and none of the tests accounts for how easily oil is removed from the water after being washed off the surface. Therefore, more research is needed before a surface washing agent effectiveness test can be adopted as a regulatory tool. Consideration should be given to establishing a separate category for surface washing agents on the Product Schedule of the National Contingency Plan.

THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY1

1972 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 715-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Fri
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
National Effort ◽  
Public Demand

Each of us shares a concern for the deterioration of our environment, its abuse, and misuse. And I know that we share a sense of urgency about the need to halt this deterioration and win the struggle for a clean and wholesome relationship between man and his environment. This concern for the condition of the physical world is not a special interest, but cuts across social and economic strata and across generations. It is the product of a nearly universal understanding of the problem and of the deadly consequences of inaction. There is a growing realization among all of us that pollution control must become a way of life in this nation, and that it must remain a way of life. We know now that in exploiting our resources we have been exploiting ourselves. The Environmental Protection Agency, (EPA), was born of public demand for a cohesive, national effort to defend and enhance the environment. Establishment of EPA as an independent agency, with Administrator William Ruckelshaus reporting directly to the President, has impressively heightened the efficiency and effectiveness of our national effort and insured the independent advocacy of our programs. The programs of EPA, present and projected, are action-oriented; we are moving quickly to solve the problems we can solve, and have taken steps to learn how to solve others we currently understand less well.

THE U.S. EPA 1994 NATIONAL SURVEY OF OIL STORAGE FACILITIES

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 (1) ◽  
pp. 923-924
Author(s):  
Janet LaFiandra Weiner ◽  
Jennie DeVeaux ◽  
Paul Brown
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Storage Facilities

ABSTRACT In an effort to better characterize the facilities regulated by the agency's oil pollution prevention regulations, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is conducting a national survey of oil storage facilities that are potentially subject to 40 CFR Part 112 (the 1994 SPCC Facilities Study).

A Comparative Study of Inland Water Quality – São Paulo (Brazil), France and England

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Abreu ◽  
M. R. Guazzelli
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Inland Water ◽  
Adequate Data

Reports on inland water quality are often published in many countries. These reports present the results of monitoring networks and show the evolution of the water pollution control situation in these countries. The data in the reports published in France (Ministere du Environnement et Cadre de Vie, 1976) and England and Wales (Department of the Environment and the Welsh Office, 1975) were compared with similar data surveyed by CETESB (the Brazilian Environmental Protection Agency) in São Paulo State, Brazil. Some difficulties had to be overcome regarding adequate data processing to permit the comparison to be made. Moreover, it was necessary to deal with non-updated data. The main conclusion is that although some countries such as France and England traditionally have more resources and experience available than Brazil, they have not been able to solve pollution problems in a much more efficient way.

IDENTIFYING AND INCORPORATING SENSITIVE ENVIRONMENT CONSIDERATIONS FOR INLAND RESPONSE/CONTINGENCY PLANNING

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 (1) ◽  
pp. 993-995
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L. Underwood ◽  
Robert Pavia
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Response Contingency ◽  
Contingency Plans ◽  
Fish And Wildlife Service ◽  
The U.S

ABSTRACT The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90) requires the Environmental Protection Agency to have oil storage facilities develop response and contingency plans. One of the purposes of the plans is avoidance and minimization of risk and injury to sensitive environments from a potential discharge of oil at the facility. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) are collaborating with the Environmental Protection Agency to adopt and modify NOAA's coastal identification and mapping of sensitive environments protocol for inland areas. This will encourage identification and mapping consistency between the two areas and can be applied to other OPA 90 mandated plans.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document