scholarly journals Evaluation of Bactericidal and Fungicidal Efficacy of Strychno spotatorum Linn. (Nirmali) Seeds

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Chandiran Sharmila ◽  
Rajendiran Selvam ◽  
Sorimuthu Pillai Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Strychnos Potatorum ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Aim: Diseases due to pathogenic microbes pose a great burden on human health and they have been correlated with socioeconomic, environmental, and ecological factors. The threat due to infectious diseases is further intensified by the continued emergence of new and multidrug resistant microorganisms. This scenario warrants a continuous search for antimicrobial agents preferably of plant origin due to their availability, accessibility, and affordability. The present study was aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal properties of Strychnos potatorum Linn (Nirmali) seeds using common pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains. Methodology: Fresh and matured S. potatorum seeds were used for the present study. The powdered seeds were delipidated with petroleum ether (60-80°C) overnight and the extract was filtered. Soxhalation was performed with 95% ethanol to extract the phyto-ingredients from the seeds. Four Gram positive, four Gram negative, and eight fungal strains were used. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by disc diffusion and well diffusion methods. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) Minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC), Minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were assayed. Results: The data obtained through the disc diffusion, well diffusion, the minimum bactericidal concentration, and minimum fungicidal concentrations revealed that the ethanolic extract of the seeds possesses significant antibacterial and antifungal activities. The results obtained were compared with standard drugs widely prescribed for antimicrobial therapy. Conclusion: The present study provides the scientific rationale for the use of Strychnos potatorum seeds in traditional medicine and a rich source of phytochemicals having significant antimicrobial activities.

scholarly journals In VitroPhytochemical, Antibacterial, and Antifungal Activities of Leaf, Stem, and Root Extracts ofAdiantum capillus veneris

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saqib Ishaq ◽  
Muhammad Medrar Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Siddique Afridi ◽  
Ghadir Ali ◽  
Mahrukh Khattak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Adiantum Capillus Veneris ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Adiantum capillus venerisis a medicinally essential plant used for the treatment of diverse infectious diseases. The study of phytochemical and antimicrobial activities of the plant extracts against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and medically important fungi is of immense significance. Extracts from the leaves, stems, and roots ofAdiantum capillus veneriswere extracted with water, methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane and screened for their antimicrobial activity against ten MDR bacterial strains and five fungal strains isolated from clinical and water samples. Ash, moisture, and extractive values were determined according to standard protocols. FTIR (Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy) studies were performed on different phytochemicals isolated from the extracts ofAdiantum capillus Veneris. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, and reducing sugars. Water, methanol, and ethanol extracts of leaves, stems, and roots showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities against most of the MDR bacterial and fungal strains. This study concluded that extracts ofAdiantum capillus venerishave valuable phytochemicals and significant activities against most of the MDR bacterial strains and medically important fungal strains.

scholarly journals Thymol and its Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajai Kumar ◽  
Suriya P. Singh ◽  
Sudarshan S. Chhokar
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Acid Chlorides ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Broth Dilution

From the seeds of C arum copticum thymol (1) was isolated as the major component and ten derivatives (2–11) were prepared by reacting it with different acid chlorides in a single step. They were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against twelve bacterial strains and nine fungal strains using disc diffusion and broth dilution assays. Derivative 9 was found to be most active against both bacterial and fungal strains.

scholarly journals Promising Antibiofilm Agents: Recent Breakthrough against Biofilm Producing Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa I. Abd El-Hamid ◽  
El-sayed Y. El-Naenaeey ◽  
Toka M kandeel ◽  
Wael A. H. Hegazy ◽  
Rasha A. Mosbah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Antibiofilm Agents

Multidrug resistant (MDR) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a superbug pathogen that causes serious diseases. One of the main reasons for the lack of the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy against infections caused by this resistant pathogen is the recalcitrant nature of MRSA biofilms, which results in an increasingly serious situation worldwide. Consequently, the development of innovative biofilm inhibitors is urgently needed to control the biofilm formation by this pathogen. In this work, we thus sought to evaluate the biofilm inhibiting ability of some promising antibiofilm agents such as zinc oxide nanoparticles (Zno NPs), proteinase K, and hamamelitannin (HAM) in managing the MRSA biofilms. Different phenotypic and genotypic methods were used to identify the biofilm producing MDR MRSA isolates and the antibiofilm/antimicrobial activities of the used promising agents. Our study demonstrated strong antibiofilm activities of ZnO NPs, proteinase K, and HAM against MRSA biofilms along with their transcriptional modulation of biofilm (intercellular adhesion A, icaA) and quorum sensing (QS) (agr) genes. Interestingly, only ZnO NPs showed a powerful antimicrobial activity against this pathogen. Collectively, we observed overall positive correlations between the biofilm production and the antimicrobial resistance/agr genotypes II and IV. Meanwhile, there was no significant correlation between the toxin genes and the biofilm production. The ZnO NPs were recommended to be used alone as potent antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents against MDR MRSA and their biofilm-associated diseases. On the other hand, proteinase-K and HAM can be co-administrated with other antimicrobial agents to manage such types of infections.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF FRUIT, SEED AND ROOT EXTRACTS OF CITRULLUS COLOCYNTHIS PLANT

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Hameed ◽  
Q Ali ◽  
MM Hafeez ◽  
A Malik
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Citrullus Colocynthis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
Dried Fruit ◽  
Anti Fungal

Gastrointestinal, skin, pulmonary and cardiovascular problems have been reported all over the world on massive scale. The treatment of these problems has become tough due to genetically modified bacterial strains and fungal infections. The present studied was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of Citrullus colocynthis plant extract. The ethanolic extract of dried fruit pulp, seed, and root was evaluated with respect to anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties. The anti-microbial profile studied against four bacterial strains (2 Gram negative and 2 Gram positive) while anti-fungal profile studied against four fungal species. All the bacterial and fungal strains used in the study showed sensitivities against the respective extracts. The zones of inhibition ranged between 7 mm to 23 mm, and 6 mm to 23 mm in against bacterial and fungal strains, respectively. The extract of seed found to be less effective against both the organisms. It was suggested from our study that the extract of Citrullus colocynthis may be used in medicines to cure bacterial diseases.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS OF SOME NOVEL (E)-METHYL 2,4-DIMETHYL-5-(3-OXO-3-PHENYLPROP-1-EN-1- YL)-1H-PYRROLE-3-CARBOXYLATE DERIVATIVES AS ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT

2019 ◽  
pp. 464-469
Author(s):  
MAHESH HUBLIKAR ◽  
PRASHANT DIXIT ◽  
VIKAS KADU ◽  
SACHIN SHIRAME ◽  
DATTATRAYA RAUT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Heterocyclic Ring ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Acetophenone Derivatives ◽  
1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Therapeutic Tools ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Objective: The objective of the present study was to synthesize a series of some novel (E)-methyl 2,4-dimethyl-5-(3-oxo-3-phenylprop-1-en-1-yl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate derivatives and to evaluate it’s in vitro antimicrobial activities. Methods: A novel series of (E)-methyl 2,4-dimethyl-5-(3-oxo-3-phenylprop-1-en-1-yl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate derivative (8a-l) has been synthesized by cyclization (Knorr reaction) hydrolysis, decarboxylation, and Vilsmeier–Haack formylation reaction. 5-formyl-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate 6 undergo condensation with acetophenone derivatives 7a-l in methanol and potassium hydroxide. The synthesized compounds were screened for in vitro antimicrobial screening. Results: The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by infrared, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity data revealed that the synthesized derivatives possess good antibacterial and antifungal activity which is attributed due to the presence of the heterocyclic ring; further, the activity increased with the introduction of a methoxy group in the structure. Conclusions: New pyrrole chalcone derivatives act as significant antimicrobial agents, easy work-up procedure and reaction take place with minimum side product. Antimicrobial activity report provides an interesting template for the syntheses of new antimicrobial agents and may be helpful for the design of new therapeutic tools.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Potential of Citral Derivatives

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1100600
Author(s):  
Soni A. Singh ◽  
Yogesh A. Potdar ◽  
Rasika S. Pawar ◽  
Sujata V. Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Serial Dilution ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

Nine conjugated acid derivatives from monoterpene citral have been synthesized using ester, amide condensations, Wittig, Knoevenagel, Baylis-Hillman reactions and their antimicrobial activities were evaluated through disc diffusion and serial dilution methods. Several derivatives displayed interesting antimicrobial activity. Particularly, the Baylis-Hillman adducts 8-10 were found to have more potent antibacterial and antifungal activities than standard drugs namely chloramphenicol and nystatin respectively.

scholarly journals IN VITRO SCREENING OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OBTAINED FROM FICUS LYRATA WARB. (MORACEAE) LEAVES

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tkachenko ◽  
L. Buyun ◽  
Z. Osadovskyy ◽  
M. Truhan ◽  
Ye. Sosnowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Ficus Lyrata

In the current investigation, screening of ethanolic extract obtained from Ficus lyrata leaves against pathogenic bacteria has been done in order to assess the antimicrobial activity aimed at detecting new sources of antimicrobial agents. The antimicrobial activity of the extract was determined using agar disc diffusion method. The antibacterial activity of leaf extract of F. lyrata was tested against human pathogenic bacteria — both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae) and Gram-negative strains (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli). The results of this study provide evidence that the ethanolic extract of F. lyrata leaves has a mild antimicrobial activities, apparently, attributed to the presence of various secondary metabolites, which confirm the traditional use of this plant for the treatment of diseases caused by pathogens. These data allow us to suggest that the extracts of F. lyrata can be used to discover antibacterial substances for developing new pharmaceuticals to control clinically important pathogens responsible for severe disorders.

scholarly journals Examination of Phytochemicals, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Hemigraphisalternate

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1S6) ◽  
pp. 98-102
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Dose Dependent

Plants as the source of medicine plays avital role in the health service around world. Hemigraphis alternata (Acanthaceae), exotic plants adapt to India, is versatile tropical lower-creeping perennial herbs that reachheight of 15 - 30 centimeters. The matured leaf of Hemigraphis alternata was collected from Kurunthankode , Kanyakumari district. Phytochemical screening of the H.alternata revealed the presence of some phytoconstituents such as carbohydrate, protein, alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, terpenoid and tannin. Previous report shows that H.coloratacontains similar compounds like saponins, flavonoids and terpenoids. The antioxidant property of H.alternata extract were compared with standard ascorbic acid. The ethanolic extract of H.alternata leaf exhibit good scavenging activity with dose dependent manner. Antimicrobial activities of H.alternata leaf extract show the ethanol extract has the maximum activity against bacteria and fungi. This study revealed the presence of different Phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of plant H.alternataand can be suggested that the bioactive components are promising natural antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals ELEMENTAL AND MEDICINAL EVALUATION OF THE LEAF EXTRACT OF PILOSTIGMA RETICULATUM (DC) HOCHST

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 391-397
Author(s):  
O. Adeyanju ◽  
S. V. Francis ◽  
R. R. Ede ◽  
P.S. Jang ◽  
J.K. Bulus
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Plant Sample ◽  
Antimicrobial Studies ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation

Elemental analysis, phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activities of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extract of Pilostigma reticulatum (dc) Hochst were studied using paper disc diffusion method against Streptococcus pyogen, Escherichia coli and Salmonella thvpi. Elemental analysis of the plant sample revealed the presence of Ca (1.51 ± 0.01μg/g), Mg (0.43 ± 0.02μg/g). P (0.29 ± 0.01 μg/g), Mn (3.01 ± 0.01 μg/g), Fe (1.04 ± 0.01 μg/g), Zn (1.05 ± 0.02  and Cu was below detectable limit(BDL).The results of the antimicrobial studies indicated that the extracts inhibited the growth of one or more tested pathogens.The ethanolic extract showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, carbohydrates and terpenes. Anthraquinone and saponin were not present. Inhibition zone by the extract ranges from 4.0mm to 30mm.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranges from 8.0 x102 µg/ml to 1x104 µg/ml. Pilostigma reticulatum leaf may be able to produce antimicrobial agents in drug delivery.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activities and Time-Kill Kinetics of Extracts of Selected Ghanaian Mushrooms

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Appiah ◽  
Yaw Duah Boakye ◽  
Christian Agyare
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
Kinetics Of

The rapid rise of antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide problem. This has necessitated the need to search for new antimicrobial agents. Mushrooms are rich sources of potential antimicrobial agents. This study investigated the antimicrobial properties of methanol extracts of Trametes gibbosa, Trametes elegans, Schizophyllum commune, and Volvariella volvacea. Agar well diffusion, broth microdilution, and time-kill kinetic assays were used to determine the antimicrobial activity of the extracts against selected test organisms. Preliminary mycochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, triterpenoids, anthraquinones, and alkaloids in the extracts. Methanol extracts of T. gibbosa, T. elegans, S. commune, and V. volvacea showed mean zone of growth inhibition of 10.00±0.0 to 21.50±0.84, 10.00±0.0 to 22.00±1.10, 9.00±0.63 to 21.83±1.17, and 12.00±0.0 to 21.17±1.00 mm, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration of methanol extracts of T. gibbosa, T. elegans, S. commune, and V. volvacea ranged from 4.0 to 20, 6.0 to 30.0, 8.0 to 10.0, and 6.0 to 20.0 mg/mL, respectively. Time-kill kinetics studies showed that the extracts possess bacteriostatic action. Methanol extracts of T. gibbosa, T. elegans, S. commune, and V. volvacea exhibited antimicrobial activity and may contain bioactive compounds which may serve as potential antibacterial and antifungal agents.

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