scholarly journals The Proximate Analysis, Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant Activity and Mineral Composition of Momordica charantia and Ocimum gratissimum Leaf Powder

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
O. D. Oloruntola ◽  
S. O. Ayodele ◽  
O. P. A. Olowu ◽  
A. B. Falowo ◽  
S. A. Adeyeye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Appreciable Amount ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Leaf Powder

Aim: This study aims to evaluate and characterise the Momordica charantia and Ocimum gratissimum leaf powder. Methodology: The quantitative analyses for proximate, phytochemicals, minerals, and antioxidant activities of Momordica charantia and Ocimum gratissimum leaf powder were carried out using standard procedures. Results: The result of the proximate analysis showed that both plants contain an appreciable amount of moisture, ash, crude fibre, crude fat, crude protein and nitrogen-free extract content,  with M. charantia leaf powder having higher moisture (5.49 ± 0.03%) content than O. gratissimum leaf powder (5.02 ± 0.01%) (P < 0.05).  Ocimum gratissimum had higher crude fibre content (25.03 ± 0.25%) than M.  charantia leaf powder (20.86 ± 0.12%) (P < 0.05).  The protein, ash, crude fat and nitrogen-free extract contents were not significantly different (p> 0.05) between the two leaf powders. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannin, flavonoid, phenol, alkaloids, saponin and phytate. Except for alkaloid content, M. charantia leaf powder had higher tannins (1.20±0.02 mg/g), flavonoids (225.64±14.61 mg/g), phenol (21.04±0.57 mg/g), saponins (57.36±0.08 mg/g) and phytate (7.79±0.25 mg/g) content compared to O. gratissimum leaf powder. The antioxidant activity of the plants showed that M. charantia leaf powder possessed higher DPPH scavenging free radical activity than that of O. gratissimum leaf powder. The mineral constituents revealed that both plants contain a significant amount of zinc, calcium, iron and phosphorus, with M. charantia leaf powder having higher zinc and calcium concentration than O. gratissimum leaf powder (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study shows that the leaf of M. charantia and O. gratissimum plants are rich sources of nutrients and phytochemicals and can be used as natural feed additives in animal nutrition.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening, Elemental and Proximate Analysis of Maerua angolensis (Capparaceaea) Stem Bark

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ezekiel Tagwi Williams ◽  
Nachana’a Timothy ◽  
Attama Chika
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Appreciable Amount ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Effective Source

This work was designed to explore the phytochemicals, elemental and proximate analysis of Maerua angolensis Stem bark were determined using standard analytical methods. The phytochemical screening showed alkaloid (271.30 mg /100 g), tannins (340.25 mg /100 g), flavonoid (176.85 mg /100 g), reducing sugar (41.20 mg /100 g), glycosides (184.30 mg /100 g), steroids (112.30 mg /100 g), anthraquinones (167.85 mg /100 g) and saponin (225.61 mg /100 g). Also the elemental analysis carried out revealed that the concentration of Manganese (0.02 9 mg/kg), Copper (0.059 mg/kg), Calcium (0.070 mg/kg), Sodium (7.530 mg/kg), Zinc (0.028 mg/kg), Chromium (0.158 mg/kg), Lead (0.007 mg/kg), Iron (0.100 mg/kg) and Magnesium (0.020 mg/kg). The result of the proximate composition showed  that the moisture, fat, crude protein, crude fibre, ash, carbohydrate and energy value content of the samples were 3.58±0.04%, 6.25±0.09%, 21.79±0.26%, 48.51±2.31%, 13.28±1.86%, 6.60±1.79% and 169.81±8.49  kcal/100 g respectively. The pH value obtained was 5.65±0.09. These indicate that the plant can be effective source for drugs. The elemental and proximate analysis shows that it contained appreciable amount of nutrients which could be included in diets to supplement human daily nutrient needs and animal.

scholarly journals Proximate composition and phytochemical screening of coffee weed (Senna occidentalis ) leaves as phytobiotic additive in poultry diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
S. O. Omoikhoje ◽  
D. O. Obasoyo ◽  
S. E. Okosun ◽  
J. I. Uwaya ◽  
I. A. Adamu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Poultry Diets

The proximate and phytochemical screening of Senna occidentalis were carried out to assess some nutrients and phytobiotic properties of the leaves. The fresh leaves were thoroughly rinsed, sparsely spread on jute mat and dried at room temperature for 6 – 7 days until they became crispy, thereafter they were milled and subjected to proximate and phytochemical analyses. Data showed that the leaves had low moisture (9.35 9.35%), high crude protein (21.88 21.88%), crude fibre, crude fat, ash and nitrogen free extract (NFE) , of 19.72, 16.88, 9.70 and 22.47% respectively. The phytochemicals positively present were cardiac glycosides, phenols, flavols, flavonols and alkaloids, while saponnins were largely present. From the results, Senna occidentalis leaf meal can be a potential source of vegetable protein and some vital mineral elements as supplements to poultry feeds. Besides, the high levels of antioxidants and antimicrobial agents present in the sample which are known to promote growth by enhancing nutrient utilization, repair of worn out tissues and disease control could make Senna occidentalis leaves worthy of being a phytobiotic additive in poultry diets.

scholarly journals Phytochemical, physicochemical, TLC, minerals analysis and in-vitro antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of Heldigardia populifolia

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
T Bhanumathi ◽  
P Keerthana ◽  
A Cheenakesavulu ◽  
M Neeharika ◽  
E Sandhya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Composition Of Minerals ◽  
Tlc Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Antioxidant Activity

The aim of present study was to investigate the preliminary phytochemical, physicochemical, TLC, minerals analysis and In-vitro antioxidant activity of leaves of ethanolic extract of Heldigardia populifolia. The preliminary phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract showed the presence of triterpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides, sterols, steroids, phenols, carbohydrates and saponins. The composition of minerals found in the leaf powder was within the permissible limits. TLC analysis of ethanol extract showed the five spots which indicate the presence of five phytoconstituents. The extractive value of ethanol was high than acetone. Ash values were within the limits. The in-vitro antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract increased with increasing the concentration. The ethanolic extract in all the concentration showed the significant antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DURATION OF COOKING MUCUNA UTILIS SEED ON PROXIMATE ANALYSIS, LEVELS OF ANTINUTRITIONAL FACTORS AND PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
C. D. Tuleun ◽  
J. P. Patrick
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Results

The effect of cooking regime on the proximate composition, gross energy and anti-nutitional factors (trypsin inhibitor, phytic acid, hydrogen cyanide, tannin, oxalates and saponins) of Mucuna utilis seed was investigated. Two experiments were conducted with 120 seven-day old broilers of equal average initial weight to evaluate the effect of duration of cooking mucuna seed at 100oC for 20, 40 and 60 minutes on performance. Results showed that duration of cooking did not have any significant (P >  0.05) effects on the dry matter, crude fibre and gross energy. However, the crude protein, either extract and nitrogen free extract significantly (P < 0.05) decreased. The anti-nutrients; tannins, trypsin inhibitory activity, hydrogen cyanide, total oxalates significantly (P < 0.05) reduced with increase in duration of cooking. Feed intake, weight gain feed conversion efficiency, protein intake and utilization were significantly (P < 0.05) improved with increase in cooking time. It was concluded that raw Mucuna utilis seeds contain high levels of anti-nutritional factors and may be unsuitable as feed ingredient but cooking reduced the anti-nutritive substances in the raw seeds.

scholarly journals Proximate and Mineral Composition, Phytochemical Analysis, and Antioxidant Activity of Fig Trees (Ficus spp.) Leaf Powder

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
C. O. Osowe ◽  
O. P. A. Olowu ◽  
O. A. Adu ◽  
O. D. Oloruntola ◽  
C. A. Chineke
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ficus Carica ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
High Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ficus Thonningii ◽  
Fig Trees ◽  
Proximate And Mineral Composition

Aim: This study aims to analyse and characterise the leaf powder of Ficus carica, Ficus exasperata, and Ficus thonningii. Methodology: Ficus carica, Ficus exasperata, and Ficus thonningii leaf powder were analysed quantitatively for proximate, phytochemicals, minerals, and antioxidant activity. Results: The ash, crude protein, and nitrogen free extract concentration were significantly (P<0.05) higher in Ficus carica leaf powder than the rest Ficus species under study. However, the crude fiber and crude fat concentrations were higher (P<0.05) in Ficus thonningii and Ficus exasperata leaf powder, respectively. The concentration of tannins, flavonoids, phenols, and saponins was higher (P<0.05) in Ficus exasperata than other Ficus species under study. However, the concentration of the alkaloids was higher (P<0.05) in Ficus carica leaf powder than Ficus exasperata and Ficus thonningii leaf powder. The Zn and P were higher (P<0.05) in Ficus carica than the rest F. species under study. The Fe contents of F. carica and F. exasperata leaf powders were higher (P<0.05) than F. thonningii leaf powder. The Ca contents of F. carica leaf powder and F. thonningii leaf powder were higher (P>0.05) than F. exasperata leaf powder. The 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate value was higher (P<0.05) in Fiscus exasperata leaf powder than F. carica and F. thonningii. However, the value of vitamin c was higher (P<0.05) in Ficus carica, compared to the rest F. species. Conclusion: This study reveals that the leaf powder of F. carica, F. exasperata, and F. thonningii contains a significant number of minerals and phytochemicals with high antioxidant activity and could be employed as a natural feed supplement in animal nutrition.

scholarly journals Proximate Analysis and Phytochemical Screening of Triclisia subcordata Oliv Leaf

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
F. N. Okpara ◽  
E. O. Nwaichi ◽  
J. O. Akaninwor
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Cyanogenic Glycosides ◽  
Cyanogenic Glycoside ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Medicinal Use

Proximate analysis and phytochemical screening of Triclisia subcordata Oliv leaf were investigated using standard analytical methods. Results of the proximate analysis showed contents for moisture (79.28±2.32%), ash (1.91±0.21%), crude fibre (1.83±0.13%), lipid (1.81±0.16%), crude protein (8.32±1.20%) and carbohydrate (6.91±0.74%). Phytochemical screening showed the presence of all six metabolites studied but at different concentrations. Saponin and flavonoids > alkaloids > phenol, tannin and cyanogenic glycoside. Tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, cyanogenic glycosides and phenol gave 0.01±0.00%, 5.81±0.23%, 2.32±0.13%, 6.01±0.36%, 0.20±0.00% and 0.03±0.00%. Given observed high contents of moisture, flavonoids and saponins, moderate amounts of alkaloids and low contents of lipid, cyanogenic glycosides, tannins and phenols in Triclisia subcordata Oliv leaf, this study rationalises the medicinal use of the plant, and unveils its potential as a source of micronutrients.

scholarly journals Proximate composition, phytochemical screening and some antinutritional factors of three accessions of lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus ) an underutilized legume

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. O. Soetan ◽  
T. N. Atanda
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Lima Bean ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Lima Beans

Lima bean (LB) (Phaseolus lunatus) is an underutilized legumein Nigeria and West Africa despite its numerous nutritional benefits. This study evaluated the proximate composition, phytochemical screening and antinutritional factors (ANFs) of three accessions of Lima beans; LB 001, LB 011 and LB 015 from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Oyo State. All analyses were done using standard protocols. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive statistics. Result of proximate analysis revealed that LB 011 recorded the highest value for crude protein (25.70 0.06%), crude fat (3.10 0.05%) and crude fibre (3.20 0.06%) and moisture content (9.3 0.16%), LB 015 recorded the highest value for ash (3.90 0.04%), nitrogen free extract (60.35 0.20%) while LB001 gave the highest value for drymatter (92.30 2.50%).Phytochemical screening revealed presence of saponin, flavonoid and alkaloid in the three accessions of LB while anthraquinone and cardiac glycoside were absent in all the LB accessions. Results of ANFs showed that LB 001 recorde the highest value for alkaloid (56.67±5.78mg/g), LB 015 gave the highest value for tannin (93.33±2.89 mg/g) and saponin (61.67±2.89 mg/g) while LB 011 had the highest oxalate content (30±5.00mg/g). The study concluded that the three accessions of lima beans have high levels of crude protein, crude fat and ash and phytochemicals, which compared favourably with that of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), a conventional legume. However, the ANFs present in LBneed adequate processing for their reduction and optimal utilization as a protein source for human and animals.

scholarly journals Proximate, Mineral Composition and Phytochemical Screening of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Alafia barteri Oliv. (Apocynaceae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 108-112
Author(s):  
I. O. Adefisan ◽  
O. A. T. Ebuehi ◽  
O. S. Odesanmi
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Eye Infections ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Proximate Analyses

Alafia barteri leaves are valued for its efficacy in the traditional medicine system in Nigeria. It has been used over the years for the treatment of various diseases some of which include malaria, sickle cell anaemia, and eye infections. This has necessitated the evaluation of its chemical composition to ensure its safety for human use. This study was undertaken to evaluate the phytochemical constituents, proximate and elemental composition of Alafia barteri leaf. The phytochemicals and proximate analyses were carried out using standard methods. The mineral elements were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The proximate analysis of the leaves showed it contained moisture 8.6%, crude fibre 48.29%, protein 15.84%, carbohydrate 13.13%, lipids 7.23% and ash 6.75%. The mineral analysis of the leaves revealed the presence of the following minerals: calcium (96.2 mg/100 g), manganese (74.8 mg/100 g), iron (46.2 mg/100 g), magnesium (31.05 mg/100 g), potassium (3.3 mg/ 100 g), sodium (2.9 mg/100 g). The phytochemical screening indicated the presence of flavonoids, phenols, tannins, anthraquinones, phlobatannins, cardiac glycosides and steroids. The study revealed the leaves of Alafia barteri to be a potential source of minerals and nutrients needed for human nutrition.

scholarly journals Proximate composition of red and black finger millet (Eleusine coracana) varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
M. H. Bot ◽  
G. S. Bawa ◽  
J. J. Omage ◽  
P. A. Onimisi ◽  
D. Y. Bot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Eleusine Coracana ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract

The aim of determining the proximate composition of red and black finger millet/Tamba (Eleusine coracana) varieties was to ascertain their nutritional composition and their ability to be used as feed ingredients. The finger millets used in this experiment were purchased from local markets in Ganawuri of Plateau and Manchok in Kaduna States and were subjected to proximate analysis. The results revealed that the millets contained Dry Matter – 88.48 and 87.55 %; Crude Protein (CP) – 13.98 and 13.14 %; Ether Extract (EE) – 3.70 and 3.10 %; Crude Fiber (CF) – 6.67 and 7.02 %; Ash – 4.90 and 4.36 %; Nitrogen Free Extract (NFE) – 59.22 and 59.84 % for the red and black finger millets, respectively. Based on these results, it can be concluded that finger millet is a nutritious feed resource irrespective of the variety and can be incorporated into animal feed in the livestock industry. It is recommended for farmers to use the crop by incorporating into livestock feed because of its rich proximate composition.   L'objectif de la détermination de la composition immédiate des variétés de mil rouge et noir / Tamba (Eleusinecoracana) était de vérifier leur composition nutritionnelle et leur capacité à être utilisées comme ingrédients alimentaires. Des variétés de mil rouge et noir utilisées dans cette expérience ont été achetées aux marchés locaux de Ganawuri de l'état de Plateau et de Manchok del'état de Kaduna et ont été soumises à une analyse immédiate. Les résultats ont révélé que les variétés de mil contenaient de la matière sèche - 88,48 et 87,55% ; Protéine Brute (PB) –13,98 et 13,14% ; Extrait d'éther (EE) –3,70 et 3,10% ; le 'crude fibre' (CF) –6,67 et 7,02% ; Cendres – 4,90 et 4,36% ; Extrait sans azote (le 'NFE') –59,22 et 59,84% pour les mil rouges et noirs, respectivement. Sur la base de ces résultats, on peut conclure que le mil rouge et noir est une ressource alimentaire nutritive quelle que soit la variété et peut être incorporée dans l'alimentation animale dans l'industrie de l'élevage. Il est recommandé aux agriculteurs d'utiliser la culture en l'incorporant dans l'alimentation du bétail en raison de sa riche composition immédiate.

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