Potable Water Scarcity and Options for Effective Provision in Limbe Municipality, Southwest Region, Cameroon

Journal of Geography Environment and Earth Science International ◽

10.9734/jgeesi/2021/v25i630290 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 12-21

Author(s):

Emmanuel Nong Buh ◽

Roy Lyonga Mbua ◽

Ukah Bonaventure Ngong

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Water Scarcity ◽

Potable Water ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Water Safety ◽

Potable Water Supply ◽

Southwest Region ◽

Joint Monitoring ◽

Large Water ◽

Multi Stakeholder

Continuous potable water scarcities in Limbe municipality if not well manage and ensure a regular provision of it may lead to many disastrous consequences to the massive growing population of this municipality. Lack of safe drinking water is a severe crisis in Limbe and Cameroon due to poor management strategies employed by the water management bodies involved. The study investigated the implications of water scarcity in Limbe municipality and the options for effective provision of potable water. A questionnaire survey was carried out. About 300 questionnaires were administered in three localities of Limbe to investigate the present status of water scarcity and its impacts on the local communities. The results show an increasing rate of potable water scarcity in the municipality. About 51% of the respondents indicated that inadequate storage facilities are the main caused of water scarcity in the town. In contrast, 26% and 23% of the respondents indicated that inadequate technology and low level of education are other reasons contributing to potable water scarcity in Limbe municipality. Many people in the municipality depend on untreated water sources, resulting in the contraction of many diseases like dysentery and diarrhea as prime waterborne health risks. We suggest options like installing large water safety tanks in all the localities of Limbe municipality. Furthermore, implementing a joint monitoring team to ensure that effective potable water treatment and supply is being done and the bodies involved in water management like the Cameroon Water Utilities Corporation (CAMWATER) need to initiate a platform for multi-stakeholder dialogue, networking and social learning essentially for building trust on how to manage potable water supply in the municipality better.

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Increasing Challenges of Potable Water Supply and Its Implications on the Population of Buea Municipality, Cameroon

Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences ◽

10.9734/arjass/2021/v13i430220 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 12-22

Author(s):

Emmanuel Nong Buh ◽

Roy Lyonga Mbua ◽

Amos Fang Zeh

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Water Supply ◽

Water Scarcity ◽

Potable Water ◽

Water Sources ◽

Local Communities ◽

Management Approach ◽

Potable Water Supply ◽

Over Exploitation ◽

Poor Management

The increasing challenges of potable water supply on the population of Buea municipality, Camerooon, if not monitored and effectively managed by government and all the local communities (stake holders) will be very detrimental to the municipality. The water demand of the growing population of Municipality is supplied by CAMWATER (Cameroon Water Utilities Corporation) and the local communities involved in potable water management. This study employed the use of a purposive systematic random sampling technique and focus group discussion among the community dwellers to evaluate the implications of potable water scarcity. A total of 350 questionnaires were administered in the field, interviews were conducted with water supply authorities and various stake holders in the municipality to identify the major problems faced by the inhabitants of Buea as a result of potable water supply challenges. Results revealed that about 27% of the population of Buea faces frequent water shortages, 32% and 41% of the respondents stated that the main causes of water supply challenges are poor management of potable water by the authorities concerned and over exploitation of water sources by the increasing population respectively. Besides the human factors mentioned above, changing climatic conditions worsen these challenges. In conclusion, over exploitation of potable water sources by the population and poor management by the authorities concerned stands as a major driver of the challenges of water scarcity in the Buea municipality. As such, we recommend an integrated water management approach as a means of making potable water supply challenges less problematic to the population of Buea.

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Study on Physiological Parameters and Economics of Rice Cultivation under Different Establishment Methods and Water Management Practices

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i2030816 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 123-131

Author(s):

S. Selvakumar ◽

S. Sakthivel ◽

Akihiko Kamoshita ◽

R. Babu ◽

S. Thiyageshwari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Field Experiment ◽

Water Level ◽

Water Scarcity ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Management Practices ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Physiological Parameters

A field experiment was conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India, during summer 2019 to study about the changes in physiological parameters of rice under various establishment and water management strategies and to find out the suitable method of rice establishment and irrigation management practices for tank irrigated command areas during water scarcity situation. Field experiment comprised of four establishment methods in combination with four irrigation management strategies. Medium duration fine grain rice variety TKM 13 was used for the study. Results of the study revealed that machine transplanting under unpuddled soil combined with irrigation after formation of hairline crack recorded improved physiological parameters and yield. It was on par with machine transplanting under unpuddled soil combined with irrigation when water level reaches 5 cm below soil surface. Higher gross return, net return and B:C ratio were observed with machine transplanting under unpuddled soil combined with irrigation after formation of hairline crack. This was followed by machine transplanting under unpuddled soil combined with irrigation when water level reaches 5 cm below soil. Hence, the result of study concluded that machine transplanting under unpuddled soil combined with irrigation when water level reaches 5 cm below soil surface can be recommended as the suitable technology for the farmers of tank irrigated command area to get higher return with minimum use of resources under water scarcity situation.

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Persistent Challenges of Potable Water Supply, Implications and Mitigation Strategies in Limbe, Cameroon

Journal of Geography Environment and Earth Science International ◽

10.9734/jgeesi/2021/v25i530285 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 21-29

Author(s):

Emmanuel Nong Buh ◽

Amos Fang Zeh ◽

Ukah Bonaventure Ngong

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Water Supply ◽

Potable Water ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Water Volume ◽

Qualitative Approaches ◽

Potable Water Supply ◽

Poor Management ◽

Water Catchments

Persistent challenges of potable water supply and its implications hinder man’s progress in Limbe municipality. The growing population of Limbe Municipality faces increasing challenges of potable water supply with lots of implications. And the Cameroon Water Utilities Corporation (CAMWATER) with the local communities involved in potable water management is unable to meet up with this increasing demand. This has led to the challenges of potable water supply in Limbe municipality which is very frustrating to water consumers. This present study sought to examine the challenges of potable water supply and its implications in Limbe. A combination of research methods (desk review, interviews and reconnaissance field appraisal) have been used in this study. Our findings revealed that increasing population and poor management of potable water supply were the major problems. In the methods utilized, a community based cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to December 2020 using quantitative and qualitative approaches. Wealth Health Organization checklist was used for observation around catchments, then the assessment of water supply challenges was done with a semi quantitative approach. And 200 questionnaires were administered where qualitative data was collected through Focus Group Discussions and in-depth interviews. The results obtained from the 7 water catchments assessed indicated that 50% of the water supply challenges were as a result of the increasing population in Limbe municipality. Meanwhile 30% stated that poor management of potable water supply by the authorities concern is another reason of persistent challenges of potable water supply in Limbe. While 20% were of the opinion that the challenges of potable water supply is as a result of anthropogenic activities near water catchments leading to a progressive reduction in water volume. An integrated potable water management team is needed and a periodic monitoring of these catchment in order to reduce this persistent challenges.

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Towards a Set of Guidelines for the Development of Robust Water-sharing Systems

10.20944/preprints201911.0058.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Young

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Water Scarcity ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Management Systems ◽

Demand And Supply ◽

Water Sharing ◽

Water Users ◽

Environmental Objectives ◽

Large Water ◽

Context Specific

A framework for the review of existing water management systems and their transformation into robust water sharing systems is offered. The framework focuses on the need to develop efficient and equitable ways to manage water scarcity and plan to deal with the tensions scarcity imposes on any community. The framework identifies a way to bring together traditional community-managed systems with those typically used to allocate water to large water users and more commonly found in developed countries. So that use can be kept within sustainable limits while optimizing use, the framework includes mechanisms that enable the reallocation of water as demand and supply conditions change. Non-consumptive uses are recognized and environmental objectives can be delivered efficiently. Compliance with well-established accounting and hydro-logical concepts. Ways to increase the value of existing entitlements, encourage innovation and protect investments are included as options. It is recognized that the governance and legal arrangements necessary to underpin successful implantation are context specific.

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Reconstructed natural runoff suggests imbalance in water scarcity between upstream and downstream regions of China's river basins

10.5194/hess-2018-364 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Xinyao Zhou ◽

Yonghui Yang ◽

Zhuping Sheng

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Surface Water ◽

Water Scarcity ◽

North China ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Water Shortage ◽

Water Withdrawal ◽

Management Policy ◽

Water Accessibility

Abstract. The increasing conflicts for water resources appeal for chronological insight into the imbalance water scarcity between upstream and downstream regions. While the changes of water scarcity in whole basins have been widely analysed, the divergent development of water scarcity between upstream and downstream regions received little concern. Here non-anthropologically intervened runoff (natural runoff) was first reconstructed in China's 67 basins for the period 1961–2010 using the Fu–Budyko framework and then systematically evaluated in comparison with the observed data. Divergent changes in water scarcity, including water stress and water shortage, between upstream and downstream regions were analyzed for the period of 1980s–2000s. The results showed that surface water withdrawal rapidly increased from 140.8 billion m3 (9 % of natural runoff) in 1980s to 189.7 billion m3 (14 %) in 2000s, with 73 % increase occurring in North China (North of the Yangtze River). This led to severe water scarcity of approximately 0.4 billion people (29 % of population) in 2000s in comparison with only ~ 0.2 billion people (17 %) in the 1980s, with all increase of water scarcity-threaten population in North China. Since 1990s, the increase of upstream water withdrawal came along with the decrease of downstream surface water availability in most northern basins, leading to slower increase in upstream water scarcity and faster increase in downstream water scarcity. Even though restrict water management policy restrained upstream surface water withdrawal in some northern basins over latest decade, the effect of such a reduction in upstream surface water withdrawal was too little to stop the continued decline in downstream surface water accessibility. Meanwhile, semi-arid/humid basins are following in the footsteps of arid basins by rapidly increasing upstream surface water withdrawal. The Chinese case study provides an all-round observation of the imbalance upstream–downstream development in water scarcity, as well as the experiences and lessons from different water management strategies.

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Promising Water Management Strategies for Arid and Semiarid Environments

10.5772/intechopen.87103 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Adel Zeggaf Tahiri ◽

G. Carmi ◽

M. Ünlü

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Water Scarcity ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Water Conservation ◽

Crop Production ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Market Growth ◽

Arid And Semiarid

Water is the most limiting factor for crop production in arid and semiarid areas. The search of promising water management strategies is foremost for achieving highly productive and sustainable agriculture. Irrigation water management, water conservation, and nonconventional water use for agriculture are key issues to be considered by the National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) in these areas. According to climate change scenarios and population growth predictions, these countries will undergo even severe water scarcity levels. Failure of resolving food production challenge will exacerbate tensions between countries, wars, and illegal immigration and compromise human, social, economic, and sustainable development in these areas. However, the search for innovative solutions to water scarcity must comply with societal values, environmental sustainability, and market growth.

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