scholarly journals Circadian Dysregulation: A Mainstream Mess of the Present World

2021 ◽  
pp. 272-281
Author(s):  
Pankaj Mehta ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
Neelam Thakur ◽  
Navneet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Lung Tumor ◽  
Internal Clock ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Lung Tumorigenesis ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Present World ◽  
Circadian Rhythm Disorders

The physiological systems of humans and other organisms are periodic in nature. One such system is a circadian rhythm, a biological internal clock that is endogenous and entrainable. The circadian rhythm regulates essential functions such as the sleep/wake cycle, hormones, feeding behaviour, metabolism and cell division as well. Due to shift work or jet lag or even irregular sleep, diet, etc., circadian rhythm disorders are one of the most common problems in this century. It is a major factor that can trigger various diseases like depression, lung tumorigenesis, cancer, anxiety, depression and many more. The purpose of this review is to discuss circadian dysregulation and its potential long-term effects in cancer including lung tumor and mental illness including depression, anxiety. Loss of autonomous cells containing Bmal1 and Per2 (the core components of circadian rhythm) will increase growth and metabolism imbalance and increase in c-Myc levels. To treat circadian rhythm disorders, zeitgebers (external cues) should be used to entrain or synchronize the circadian rhythm and sleep phase chronotherapy can also be used.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of carbon containing engineered nanomaterials and asbestos in the lung: one year postexposure comparisons

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (2) ◽  
pp. L170-L182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna A. Shvedova ◽  
Naveena Yanamala ◽  
Elena R. Kisin ◽  
Alexey V. Tkach ◽  
Ashley R. Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tumor ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Geometric Feature ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Pulmonary Exposure ◽  
Pharyngeal Aspiration

The hallmark geometric feature of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and carbon nanofibers (CNF), high length to width ratio, makes them similar to a hazardous agent, asbestos. Very limited data are available concerning long-term effects of pulmonary exposure to SWCNT or CNF. Here, we compared inflammatory, fibrogenic, and genotoxic effects of CNF, SWCNT, or asbestos in mice 1 yr after pharyngeal aspiration. In addition, we compared pulmonary responses to SWCNT by bolus dosing through pharyngeal aspiration and inhalation 5 h/day for 4 days, to evaluate the effect of dose rate. The aspiration studies showed that these particles can be visualized in the lung at 1 yr postexposure, whereas some translocate to lymphatics. All these particles induced chronic bronchopneumonia and lymphadenitis, accompanied by pulmonary fibrosis. CNF and asbestos were found to promote the greatest degree of inflammation, followed by SWCNT, whereas SWCNT were the most fibrogenic of these three particles. Furthermore, SWCNT induced cytogenetic alterations seen as micronuclei formation and nuclear protrusions in vivo. Importantly, inhalation exposure to SWCNT showed significantly greater inflammatory, fibrotic, and genotoxic effects than bolus pharyngeal aspiration. Finally, SWCNT and CNF, but not asbestos exposures, increased the incidence of K-ras oncogene mutations in the lung. No increased lung tumor incidence occurred after 1 yr postexposure to SWCNT, CNF, and asbestos. Overall, our data suggest that long-term pulmonary toxicity of SWCNT, CNF, and asbestos is defined, not only by their chemical composition, but also by the specific surface area and type of exposure.

scholarly journals Dual orexin receptor antagonist in treatment of insomnia

Engrami ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-68
Author(s):  
Nikola Trajanović
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Safety Profile ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
First Line ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Good Safety Profile ◽  
Circadian Rhythm Disorders

A novel group of medications, dual orexin receptor antagonists, emerged as a competent group that challenges current first-line hypnotics. They have relatively infrequent and mostly well-tolerated side effects, primarily in the form of residual somnolence, fatigue and nightmares/disturbing dreams. The advantage over conventional hypnotics stems from the specifics of their target receptors, which translates into lack of tolerance after long term use and good safety profile. They are particularly favoured in some specific populations, including the elderly. Ongoing and future studies are set to explore their effect on selected conditions, such as addiction and psychiatric disorders, dementias, perimenopausal condition and circadian rhythm disorders, to name a few.

scholarly journals Long-Term Changes of Symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, and Fatigue in Cancer Patients 6 Months After the End of Yoga Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 153473541882209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Lundt ◽  
Elisabeth Jentschke
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
European Organization ◽  
Yoga Therapy ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Background: Symptoms of anxiety, depression, and cancer-related fatigue are commonly associated with cancer. Cancer patients increasingly use complementary and alternative treatments, such as yoga, to cope with psychological and physical impairments. In the present article, long-term changes of anxiety, depression, and fatigue in cancer are examined 6 months after a yoga intervention. Method: We used an observational design based on a randomized controlled study in cancer patients with mixed diagnoses to evaluate long-term changes of symptoms of anxiety, depression, and fatigue 6 months after the end of yoga therapy. We measured anxiety symptoms with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), depressive symptoms with the Patient Health Questionnaire–2 (PHQ-2), and fatigue with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire–Fatigue Scale (EORTC QLQ-FA13). Yoga therapy was provided in yoga classes of 60 minutes each once a week for 8 weeks in total. The exercises provided contained both body and breathing activities as well as meditation. Results: A total of 58 patients participated in the study. Six months after the end of yoga therapy, symptoms of anxiety, depression, and fatigue were significantly reduced compared with baseline. However, symptoms of anxiety and fatigue slightly increased during the follow-up period, whereas symptoms of depression remained stable. Conclusion: Our results are promising and support the integration of yoga interventions in supportive cancer treatment concepts but should be confirmed by randomized controlled trials. Long-term effects of yoga therapy on cancer patients should be the subject of further research.

scholarly journals Evaluation of FlowVR: a virtual reality game for improvement of depressive mood

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Bittner ◽  
Fariba Mostajeran ◽  
Frank Steinicke ◽  
Jürgen Gallinat ◽  
Simone Kühn
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Depressive Mood ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
The State ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Positive Affectivity ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Anxiety Depression

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluated the efficacy of FlowVR, a virtual reality (VR) game designed to improve mood and reduce feelings of depression. The aim is to contribute to the question of whether and how VR could be used for depression therapy, as research in this area is quite rare.Method18 healthy participants (9 female; Mage = 25.9) underwent three conditions, playing FlowVR in VR with a head-mounted display, playing FlowVR on a tablet or reading a text on a tablet. For each condition, they were tested on a separate day at the same time of day within a two-week period. Before and after every condition participants completed the Becks Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), the state part of the State-Trait-Anxiety-Depression-Inventory (STADI(S)) and the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule-Expanded Form (PANAS-X).ResultsWhile the participants showed only a reduction in acute anxiety in the control and the tablet conditions, they showed improved affectivity in all variables measured in the VR condition. In addition, VR had significantly better results than the control condition in improving positive affectivity, negative affectivity and acute feelings of depression. Using a less conservative statistical approach, these significant differences could also be found between the tablet and the VR condition. There were no significant differences between the tablet and the control condition.ConclusionThe results indicate that due to its immersive nature, VR can be used effectively to improve mood and temporarily reduce feelings of depression. Long-term effects of FlowVR on participants with depression must be investigated in consecutive research.

scholarly journals The association between a history of self-reported concussion and response inhibition: a population-based study

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (14 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S2.3-S3
Author(s):  
Clara Alexandra Stafford ◽  
Bobby Stojanoski ◽  
Conor Wild ◽  
Adrian Owen
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Significant Deficit ◽  
Anxiety Depression

ObjectiveWe investigated the long-term cognitive effects of concussion in almost 20,000 members of the general population, using tests that are known to be sensitive to small changes in performance.BackgroundConcussions are the most common type of mild traumatic brain injury, with clinical symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, and nausea, persisting for months post-injury. Despite a growing understanding of the severity and duration of these symptoms, very little is known about the long-term effects of concussion on higher level cognitive functioning and emotional lability.Design/MethodsWe asked 19,261 participants to complete a demographic questionnaire as well as the Cambridge Brain Sciences (CBS) cognitive battery. We divided our sample into two groups: those reporting at least one concussion in their lifetime (post-concussion) and those reporting no concussions in their lifetime (non-concussed). We compared the performance of the two groups on the 12 CBS tasks, as well as on four non-cognitive variables measuring levels of social contact, anxiety, depression, and concentration difficulties.ResultsWe found that post-concussion individuals performed significantly worse on a modified Stroop task that measures aspects of response inhibition, but were no worse on any other cognitive measure, including short-term memory, reasoning, and verbal abilities. Crucially, performance profiles of the post-concussion individuals indicated that they made more errors on trials that involved an incongruent colour/word pair. Beyond measures of cognition, we found that post-concussion participants also reported higher levels of anxiety, depression, and trouble concentrating when compared to the non-concussed group. The number of reported concussions also predicted task scores on this task only.ConclusionsOur results suggest that sustaining a concussion is not associated with long-term global effects on cognition. Those who report at least one concussion appear to have a modest, but statistically significant deficit of response inhibition. This impairment seems to be related to the number of concussions reported.

Augmenting leptin circadian rhythm following a weight reduction in diet-induced obese rats: short- and long-term effects

Metabolism ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 782-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Buison ◽  
Michael Pellizzon ◽  
Frank Ordiz ◽  
K.-L.Catherine Jen
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Short And Long Term

S137. Long-Term Effects of Vortioxetine (Lu AA21004) on Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis Prevents Reinstatement of Anxiety/Depression-Like Phenotype in Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (10) ◽  
pp. S349-S350
Author(s):  
Indira Mendez-David ◽  
Jean-Philippe Guilloux ◽  
Laurent Tritschler ◽  
Céline Defaix ◽  
Charlène Faye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Anxiety Depression

scholarly journals Identification of risk groups for mental disorders, headache and oral behaviors in adults during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieszko Wieckiewicz ◽  
Dariusz Danel ◽  
Maciej Pondel ◽  
Joanna Smardz ◽  
Helena Martynowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Emotional Disturbances ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Anxiety Depression

AbstractThe dramatically changing situation during COVID-19 pandemic, is anticipated to provoke psycho-emotional disturbances and somatization arising from the current epidemiological situation that will become a significant problem for global and regional healthcare systems. The aim of this study was to identify the predictors, risk factors and factors associated with mental disorders, headache and potentially stress-modulated parafunctional oral behaviors among the adult residents of North America and Europe as indirect health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. This may help limit the long-term effects of this and future global pandemic crises. The data were collected from 1642 respondents using an online survey. The results demonstrated increased levels of anxiety, depression, headache and parafunctional oral behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic in both North American and European residents. The results of this study facilitated the definition of the group most predicted to experience the aforementioned secondary effects of the pandemic. This group included females younger than 28.5 years old, especially those who were single, less well educated and living in Europe. In case of this and other global crises this will allow faster defining the most vulnerable groups and providing rapid and more targeted intervention.

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