Electron Trembling as a Result of Its Stationary Motion in an Extra Space along Helical Line of the Compton Radius with the Speed of Light (“Zitterbewegung’’ in Multidimensional Space)

Because there is additional space in which the observed three-dimensional Universe expands, it is believed that elementary particles move at the speed of light in full space in a vicinity of a hyper-surface of three-dimensional sphere that is our Universe. Any interpretation of a spin and isotopic spin of electron requires at least three additional spatial dimensions. As applied to six-dimensional space, the simplest interpretation of the Heisenberg’s uncertainties relation, de Broglie waves, Klein-Gordon equation, electron proper magnetic moment, CPT-symmetry, spin, and isotopic spin is consistent with the results of the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. Taking into account the movement of elementary particle (at the speed of light) along a helical line of Compton radius, when the axis of the helix is placed on that hyper-surface, we find a trajectory of the particle.

On the aspect ratio of ’Oumuamua : less elongated shape for irregular surface properties

ABSTRACT The large brightness variation in the observed light curve of ’Oumuamua is probably related to its shape, i.e. to the ratio between its longest axis and its shortest axis (aspect ratio). Several approaches found the aspect ratio of ’Oumuamua to be unusually elongated. Moreover, the spin axis orientation has to be almost perpendicular to the observer in order to obtain such an extreme light curve, a configuration which is unlikely. However, interstellar ’Oumuamua may have different surface properties than we know in our Solar system. Therefore, in this work we widen the parameter space for surface properties beyond the asteroid-like models and study its effect on ’Oumuamua’s light curve. We calculate reflection from a rotating ellipsoidal object for four models: Lambertian reflection, specular reflection, single scattering diffusive, and backscatter . We then calculate the probability to obtain a light-curve ratio larger than the observed, as a function of the object’s aspect ratio, assuming an isotopic spin orientation distribution. We find the elongation of ’Oumuamua to be less extreme for the Lambertian and specular reflection models. Consequently, the probability to observe the light-curve ratio of ’Oumuamua given its unknown spin axis orientation is larger for those models. We conclude that different surface reflection properties may suggest alternatives to the extreme shape of ’Oumuamua , relieving the need for complicated formation scenario, extreme albedo variation, or unnatural origin. Although the models suggested here are for ideal ellipsoidal shape and ideal reflection method, the results emphasize the importance of surface properties for the derived aspect ratio.

The (p,2p) reaction in finite range relativistic distorted-wave impulse approximation

The [Formula: see text] reaction on [Formula: see text] at incident proton energy of 300[Formula: see text]MeV is examined in the formalism of finite-range relativistic distorted-wave impulse approximation (FR-RDWIA). In comparison to conventional t-matrix model of Love–Franey, a new form of nucleon–nucleon t-matrix effective interaction is derived at 300[Formula: see text]MeV using Reid soft core potentials for isotopic spin one and taking into account the finite-range effects in the [Formula: see text] interaction at knockout vertex. In comparison to the conventional finite range nonrelativistic and relativistic formalism, the present formalism with a new version of [Formula: see text] t-matrix is effectively reproducing the shape of cross-section energy distributions for [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] states for asymmetric angle pair of [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text]. Discrepancies between the experimental cross-section data and finite range theoretical calculations at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]MeV are reasonably resolved in the present approach. Without any adjustable parameter of bound state, the obtained spectroscopic factors are in reasonably good agreement with the relativistic and nonrelativistic theoretical predictions by [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] analysis.

On a possibility of a consistent interpretation of diboson excesses at LHC

Recently reported diboson and diphoton excesses at LHC are interpreted to be connected with heavy WW zero spin resonances. The resonances appears due to the would-be anomalous triple interaction of the weak bosons, which is defined by well-known coupling constant [Formula: see text]. The 2 TeV anomaly, tentatively corresponds to weak isotopic spin-2 scalar state and the [Formula: see text] 750 GeV anomaly corresponds to weak isotopic spin-0 pseudoscalar state. We obtain estimates for the effect, which qualitatively agree with ATLAS data. Effects are predicted in a production of W[Formula: see text] W[Formula: see text], (Z, [Formula: see text])(Z, [Formula: see text]) via resonance [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] 750 GeV, which could be reliably checked at the upgraded LHC at [Formula: see text] 13 TeV. In the framework of an approach to the spontaneous generation of the triple anomalous interaction its coupling constant is estimated to be [Formula: see text] in an agreement with existing restrictions. Specific predictions of the hypothesis are significant effects in decay channels [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text].

REMARK ON PION SCATTERING LENGTHS

First it is shown that the tree amplitude for pion–pion scattering in the minimal linear sigma model has an exact expression which is proportional to a geometric series in the quantity [Formula: see text], where mB is the sigma mass which appears in the Lagrangian and is the only a priori unknown parameter in the model. This induces an infinite series for every predicted scattering length in which each term corresponds to a given order in the chiral perturbation theory counting. It is noted that, perhaps surprisingly, the pattern, though not the exact values, of chiral perturbation theory predictions for both the isotopic spin 0 and isotopic spin 2 s-wave pion–pion scattering lengths to orders p2, p4 and p6 seems to agree with this induced pattern. The values of the p8 terms are also given for comparison with a possible future chiral perturbation theory calculation. Further aspects of this approach and future directions are briefly discussed.

THE ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AS QUANTUM KNOTS IN ELECTROWEAK THEORY

We explore a knot model of the elementary particles that is compatible with electroweak physics. The knots are quantized and their kinematic states are labeled by [Formula: see text], irreducible representations of SU q(2), where j = N/2, m = w/2, m′ = (r+1)/2 and (N, w, r) designate respectively the number of crossings, the writhe, and the rotation of the knot. The knot quantum numbers (N, w, r) are related to the standard isotopic spin quantum numbers (t, t3, t0) by (t = N/6, t3 = -w/6, t0 = -(r+1)/6), where t0 is the hypercharge. In this model the elementary fermions are low lying states of the quantum trefoil (N = 3) and the gauge bosons are ditrefoils (N = 6). The fermionic knots interact by the emission and absorption of bosonic knots.